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'''Elitism''' is a belief or attitude that ] — a selected group of persons whose personal abilities, wealth, specialised training or other attributes place them at the top of any field (see below) — are the people whose views on a matter are to be taken most seriously, or who are best fit to govern. Elitism may also be used to convey a less rational and more purely arrogant sense of entitlement to better treatment owing to wealth, social standing, etc. Stemming mostly from this usage, elitism has highly negative connotations and is often used pejoratively as conveying disregard for the public (non-elites) or arrogance. In its political and sociological sense, elitism sees an elite as occupying a special position of authority or ] in a group, set apart from the majority of people who do not match up with his or her abilities or attributes. |
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For the converse of "elitism" see "]" and "]". |
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Attributes that identify an elite vary; personal achievement may not be essential. Attributes of elites include: |
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* High level of ] |
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* Membership in powerful ]s and desirable clubs |
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* High level of ] |
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* High level of ] in a given field (]) |
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* High ] |
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* High natural abilities such as ] abilities |
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* High ] |
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* Good ], since "taste" is defined by the elite |
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* Claimed innate qualities, abilities, or other ]. |
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Commonly, large amounts of personal ], often assessed as the reward of elite qualities by those who are impressed by it, are insufficient on their own, as every ] can attest. |
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The term ''elitism'' is also used to refer to situations where a group of people who claim to possess high abilities or simple an ] or ] conspire to give themselves extra privileges at the expense of all other people. This form of elitism may be described as '']''. |
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Less commonly, ''elitism'' may also refer to situations where an elite is given both special privileges and special responsibilities, in the hope that this arrangement will benefit all people. |
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At times elitism is closely related to ] and stratification. People within a higher social class are usually known as the "social elite". |
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== Anti-elitism == |
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{{main|Anti-elitism}} |
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{{main|Populism}} |
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The term "elitism" or the title "elitist" can be used resentfully by a person who is not a member of an elite, or is a member but resents their position or uses it in a condescending or cynical manner in order to ridicule or criticise practices which discriminate on the basis of ability or attributes. Often, accusing someone of being an "elitist" is a ] remark meant to imply that the person in question does not in fact belong to an elite, but is merely a hanger-on. Elitism can be seen as encouraging the exclusion of large numbers of people from positions of privilege or power. Thus, many anti-elitists seek the social equality of ], ], ], or ]. They may also support ], ], ], and increasingly high ] for the wealthiest members of society. All of these measures seek to reduce the gap of power between the elites and non-elites. |
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== Elitism and education == |
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: ''Main article: ]'' |
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'''Elitism''' in the context of ] is the practice of concentrating attention on or allocating funding to the ]s who rank highest in a particular field of endeavour, the other students being deemed less worthy of attention. |
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Elitism in education could be based upon learning ability, knowledge, or other abilities. |
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== See also == |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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