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'''Baghatur''' (Mongolian: {{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠦᠷ}} ''Baghatur/Ba'atur'' (Modern Mongolian: Баатар ''Baatar''), Turkish: Batur/Bahadır, Russian: ]) is a historical ] honorific title,<ref>Ed. Herbert Franke and others - The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710-1368, p.567</ref> in origin a term for "]" or "valiant ]". The Papal envoy ] compared the title with the equivalent of European Knighthood.<ref>James Chambers -The Devil's horsemen: the Mongol invasion of Europe, p.107</ref> '''Baghatur''' (Mongolian: {{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠦᠷ}} ''Baghatur/Ba'atur'' (Modern Mongolian: Баатар ''Baatar''), Turkish: Batur/Bahadır, Russian: ]) is a historical ] honorific title,<ref>Ed. Herbert Franke and others - The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710-1368, p.567</ref> in origin a term for "]" or "valiant ]". The Papal envoy ] compared the title with the equivalent of European Knighthood.<ref>James Chambers -The Devil's horsemen: the Mongol invasion of Europe, p.107</ref>


⚫ The term was first used by the steppe peoples to the north and west (]) of China as early as the 7th century as evidenced in ] records.<ref>C. Fleischer, ''"Bahādor"'', in ]</ref><ref>Grousset 194.</ref> It is attested for the ] in the 8th century, and among the ] of the ] in the 9th century.
The etymology of this word is uncertain, altough the first syllable is very likely the ] word
⚫ ] ‘god, lord’.<ref name="Beckwith387">{{harvnb|Beckwith|2009|p=387}}</ref> The term was first used by the steppe peoples to the north and west (]) of China as early as the 7th century as evidenced in ] records.<ref>C. Fleischer, ''"Bahādor"'', in ]</ref><ref>Grousset 194.</ref> It is attested for the ] in the 8th century, and among the ] of the ] in the 9th century.

The word was common among the Mongols and became especially widespread, as an honorific title, in ]'s ] in the 13th century; the title persisted in its successor-states, and later came to be adopted also as a ] in the ], in ] dynasties etc. The word was common among the Mongols and became especially widespread, as an honorific title, in ]'s ] in the 13th century; the title persisted in its successor-states, and later came to be adopted also as a ] in the ], in ] dynasties etc.


Revision as of 13:22, 17 June 2015

"Batir" redirects here. For the commune in Cimişlia district, Moldova, see Batîr.

Baghatur (Mongolian: ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠦᠷ Baghatur/Ba'atur (Modern Mongolian: Баатар Baatar), Turkish: Batur/Bahadır, Russian: Boghatir) is a historical Turco-Mongol honorific title, in origin a term for "hero" or "valiant warrior". The Papal envoy Plano Carpini compared the title with the equivalent of European Knighthood.

The term was first used by the steppe peoples to the north and west (Mongolia) of China as early as the 7th century as evidenced in Sui dynasty records. It is attested for the Göktürk khanate in the 8th century, and among the Bulgars of the First Bulgarian Empire in the 9th century. The word was common among the Mongols and became especially widespread, as an honorific title, in Genghis Khan's Mongol Empire in the 13th century; the title persisted in its successor-states, and later came to be adopted also as a regnal title in the ilkhanate, in Timurid dynasties etc.

The word was also introduced into many non-Turkic languages as a result of the Turco-Mongol conquests, and now exists in different forms such as the Bulgarian language "Багатур (Bagatur)", Russian Богатырь (Bogatyr), Polish Bohater (meaning "hero"), Hungarian Bátor (meaning "brave"), Persian and North Indian Bahadur, and Georgian Bagatur.

It is also preserved in the modern Turkic and Mongol languages as Turkish Batur/Bahadır, Tatar and Kazakh Батыр (Batyr), Uzbek Batyr and Mongolian Baatar (as in Ulaanbaatar).

The concept of the Baghatur has its roots in Turco-Mongolian folklore. Like the Bogatyrs of Russian myth, Baghaturs were heroes of extraordinary courage, fearlessness, and decisiveness, often portrayed as being descended from heaven and capable of performing extraordinary deeds. Baghatur was the heroic ideal Turco-Mongolian warriors strove to live up to, hence its use as a military honorific of glory.


List of individuals with this title

The term Baghatur and its variants – Bahadur, Bagatur, or Baghadur, was adopted by the following historical individuals:

See also

Notes

  1. Ed. Herbert Franke and others - The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710-1368, p.567
  2. James Chambers -The Devil's horsemen: the Mongol invasion of Europe, p.107
  3. C. Fleischer, "Bahādor", in Encyclopaedia Iranica
  4. Grousset 194.
  5. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-said-bahador-khan
  6. Ed. Herbert Franke and others - The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710-1368, p.568

References

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