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| '''Utigur''' or '''Bulgar Vund''' (vh'ndur, Vanand) is the name used by historians and geographers like ], ] and his continuators, ], ], and ] in the 6th century to refer to those ] of the Eurasian steppes along the coasts of the ] in ] who had came under the control of the ] to be also known as |
'''Utigur''' or '''Bulgar Vund''' (vh'ndur, Vanand) is the name used by historians and geographers like ], ] and his continuators, ], ], and ] in the 6th century to refer to those ] of the Eurasian steppes along the coasts of the ] in ] who had came under the control of the ] to be also known as ].<ref>{{cite book|title=Justinian and Theodora|first=Robert|last=Browning|publisher=Gorgias Press LLC|year= 2003|ISBN=1-59333-053-7}}</ref> ] mentioned an Utigur leader in the latter 6th century called ].<ref>Menandri Fragmenta. Excerpta de legationibus. - Ed. C. de Boor. Berolini, 1903, p. 170</ref> In the early 7th century, Khan ] of the ] was "ruler of the Onogurs".<ref>Nisephorus Patriarcha. Breviarium. Ed. C. de Boor, p. 24</ref> | ||
| The ] ancestors of the Utigurs represented the Pontic-Kuban part of the ], and were ruled by descendants of ] through his son, ]. | |||
| =Etymological Origin theories= | |||
| ] and some modern ]n scholars identify the Bulgar Utigurs as one of the tribes of the ].<ref>Yu. A. Zuev, EARLY TURKS: ESSAYS on HISTORY and IDEOLOGY, p.38 and p.62</ref><ref>http://www.protobulgarians.com/Kniga%20AtStamatov/Prarodina.htm</ref><ref>http://www.protobulgarians.com/PODSTRANITSA%20NA%20DR%20ZHIVKO%20VOYNIKOV/ZHIVKO%20VOYNIKOV%20-%20PROIZHOD%20NA%20BAALGARITE%20-%20KNIGA%20-%202009.pdf</ref> According to ] and ] the Utigurs of Menandr are Uti, and the word Uti was a real proto-type of a transcription ] < Uechji < ngiwat-tie < uti.<ref>Pulleyblank, 1966, p. 18</ref> | |||
| =History= | |||
| By 567CE some ] groups came under the control of the ] who were migrating to Pannonia to be known as Avars. The southern Bulgar groups along the northern coasts of the Black sea had become known as Utigurs when the ] (who were violently opposed to the ]) conquered them and installed ] as their leader{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}. He ruled under the dominion of the ] as Sulifa (from Pyn. ''Xielifa'' 苏李发) to designate the Turkic title Elteber (Baltavar).{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} Under ], the Utigurs allied with the ] against their Avar-controlled Kutrigur Bulgar relatives{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}. | |||
| Although anachronistically regarded as a son of Kubrat, ]<ref>Bulgarian historical review, Volumes 19–20, Publishing House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1991, </ref> and his Bulgars were forced west into Ravenna (Italy){{citation needed|date=June 2015}} when Kubrat's Utigurs defeated the Avars in alliance with ] and reunited the Utigurs and Kutrigurs into a single Crimean Bulgar confederation in Patria Onoguria renamed as "]"{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}. | |||
| After Kubrat's death in 665AD, his empire was divided{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} when his appointed heir Batbayan submitted to the Khazars of Kubrat's second son ] who settled Batbayan's army at the confluence of the ] and ] rivers where they founded a Khanate known as ]<ref>Heritage of Scribes: The Relation of Rovas Scripts to Eurasian Writing Systems, Gábor Hosszú, Rovas Foundation, 2012, ISBN 9638843748, </ref> . | |||
| Other sons of Kubrat carried the Utigur name to the Danube and ] by April 677. Some submitted to a restored Avar Kaghan, while others rebelled moving south to the ]n plain under the leadership of ]'s Uncle, ] in alliance with Khan Asparukh's Utigurs<ref>national Historical and Archeological Reserve Madara, Sofia 2009, Pecham valdex, p.26</ref> who successfully occupied the southern banks of the Danube following the ]. Kuber's Utigurs displaced some of the populations that had already settled in the region of Macedonia, and intermingled with the populations that remained. Following the Battle of Ongal, Asparukh settled a portion of the Utigur Bulgars in ], to establish the state which would become modern ]. In the 8th century, the Kuber Bulgars merged with ]'s Bulgars who had by the late 7th century already taken both sides of the ]. | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 04:27, 11 July 2015
Utigur or Bulgar Vund (vh'ndur, Vanand) is the name used by historians and geographers like Moses Horenaci, Procopius Caesariensis and his continuators, Agathias of Mirena, Menander Protector, and Theophylact Simocatta in the 6th century to refer to those Bulgars of the Eurasian steppes along the coasts of the Black Sea in Patria Onoguria who had came under the control of the Western Turkic Kaghanate to be also known as Onogurs. Menander Protector mentioned an Utigur leader in the latter 6th century called Sandilch. In the early 7th century, Khan Kubrat of the Dulo clan was "ruler of the Onogurs".
See also
- History of Ukraine
- History of Bulgaria
- Kutrigurs
- Huns
- Old Great Bulgaria
- Sabirs
- Volga Bulgaria
- Bulgars
References
- Browning, Robert (2003). Justinian and Theodora. Gorgias Press LLC. ISBN 1-59333-053-7.
- Menandri Fragmenta. Excerpta de legationibus. - Ed. C. de Boor. Berolini, 1903, p. 170
- Nisephorus Patriarcha. Breviarium. Ed. C. de Boor, p. 24