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A mujaddid (Template:Lang-ar), is an Islamic term for one who brings "renewal" (tajdid Template:Lang-ar) to the religion. According to the popular Muslim tradition, refers to a person who appears at the turn of every century of the Islamic calendar to revive Islam, cleansing it of extraneous elements, and restoring it to its pristine purity.

The concept is based not on the Quran but on a famous hadith (Prophetic tradition) recorded by Abu Dawood: Abu Hurairah narrated that the Islamic prophet Muhammad said:

Verily Allah sends to this Ummah (community) at the head of every hundred years someone (or people) who will renew (or revive) for it its religion.

— Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 37: Kitab al-Malahim , Hadith Number 4278

Mujaddid tend to come from the most prominent Islamic scholars of the time, although they are sometimes pious rulers.

List of claimants and potential Mujaddids

While there is no formal mechanism for designating a mujaddid, there is often a popular consensus. The Shia and the Naqshbandi order have their own list of mujaddids.

First Century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)

• Umar II (682–720)
• Al-Hasan Al-Basri (642–728)
• Abu Hanifa (699–767) Patronym of the Hanafi madhhab
• Malik Ibn Anas (711–795) Patronym of the Maliki madhhab

Second Century (August 10, 815)

• Al-Shafi‘i (767–820) Patronym of the Shafi'i madhhab
• Ahmad Ibn Hanbal (780–855) Patronym of the Hanbali madhhab

Third Century (August 17, 912)

• Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ash'ari (874–936)
• Abu Jafar Al-Tahawi (853–933)

Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)

• Abu Bakr Al-Baqillani (950–1013)
• Al-Hakim Nishapuri (933–1012)
• Ibn Hazm (994–1064)

Fifth Century (September 1, 1106)

• Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) Celebrated and accepted as a mujaddid and scholar in all sunni traditions.

Sixth Century (September 9, 1203)

• Fakhr-Al-Din Al-Razi (1149–1210)
• Al-'Izz Ibn 'Abd Al-Salam (1181–1262)

Seventh Century (September 5, 1300)

• Ibn Daqiq Al-Eid (1228–1302) Taj al-Din al-Subki maintained that the Muslim community had agreed that Ibn Daqiq al-'Id was a mujtahid as well as a mujaddid. Ibn Daqiq "was a mujtahid mutlaq with complete knowledge of legal sciences" (Tabaqat, VI, 2, 3, 6).
• Ibn Taymiyyah Considered as a mujaddid by Salafists. although Ibn Taymiyya and his disciples such as Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya faced critcisim by their Shāfi'i contemporaries such as Taqi al-Din al-Subki and Taj al-Din al-Subki .

Eighth Century (September 23, 1397)

• Siraj Al-Din Al-Bulqini (1324–1403)
• Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani (1372–1448)

Ninth Century (October 1, 1494)

• Jalal-Al-Din Al-Suyuti (1445–1505)
• Zakariyya Al-Ansari (1420–1520)

Tenth Century (October 19, 1591)

• Shams Al-Din Al-Ramli (1513–1596)
• Khayr Al-Din Al-Ramli (1585–1671)
• Ahmad Sirhindi (1564–1624)

Eleventh Century (October 26, 1688)

• Abdallah Ibn Alawi Al-Haddad (1634–1720)
• Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762)

Twelfth Century (November 4, 1785)

• Murtada Al-Zabidi (1732–1790)
• Shah Abdul Aziz Delhwi (1745–1823)
• Ahmad Ibn Ajiba (1747–1809)
• Usman Dan Fodio (1754–1817)
• Murtada Al-Zabidi (1732–1790)

In the Salafi Tradition

• Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792) patronym of Wahhabism, he is regarded as a reviver of orthodoxy in the Arabian peninsula by salafis.

Thirteenth Century (November 14, 1882)

• Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905)
• Muhammad Rashid Rida (1865–1935)
• Muhammad Al-Tahir Ibn Ashur (1879–1973)
• Bediüzzaman Said Nursî (1878–1960)
• Al-Kawthari (1879-1951)
• Mustafa Al-Maraghi (1881–1945)
• Mahmud Shaltut (1893-1963)
• Muhammad Abu Zahra (1898–1974)

Fourteenth Century (November 21, 1979)

• Muhammad Metwally El-Shaarawy (1911–1998)
• Ahmed Deedat (1918–2005)
• Mustafa Mahmoud (1921–2009)

In the Salafi Tradition

• Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani (1914–1999)
• Mohammed al-Ghazali (1917–1996)
• Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd Allah ibn Baaz (November 21, 1910 – May 13, 1999)
• Muqbil bin Haadi al-Waadi'ee (1933-2001)
• Muhammad ibn al Uthaymeen (March 9, 1925 – January 10, 2001)

References

1. Faruqi, Burhan Ahmad. The Mujaddid's Conception of Tawhid. p. 7. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
2. ^ Meri, Josef W. (ed.). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. p. 678.
3. Sunan Abu Dawood, 37:4278
4. ^ "Mujaddid Ulema". Living Islam.
5. ^ Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN 0415966906.
6. Studies in the History of the Sokoto Caliphate: The Sokoto Seminar Papers / edited by Y.B. Usman
7. ^ The Muslim 100: The Lives, Thoughts and Achievements of the Most Influential Muslims in History by Muhammad Mojlum Khan
8. ^ Waliullah, Shah. Izalatul Khafa'an Khilafatul Khulafa. p. 77, part 7. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help)
9. ^ Nieuwenhuijze, C.A.O.van (1997). Paradise Lost: Reflections on the Struggle for Authenticity in the Middle East. p. 24. ISBN 90 04 10672 3. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help) Cite error: The named reference "Paradise Lost" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
10. ^ Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN 0415966906
11. Imam Tahawi has been rightly considered by some nineteenth century authorities as the Mujaddid (Reformer) of the third century
12. "Imam Ghazali: The Sun of the Fifth Century Hujjat al-Islam". The Pen. February 1, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
13. Jane I. Smith, Islam in America, p 36. ISBN 0231519990
14. Dhahabi, Siyar, 4.566
15. Willard Gurdon Oxtoby, Oxford University Press, 1996, p 421
16. "al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149-1209)". Muslim Philosophy.
17. On Taqlid: Ibn al Qayyim's Critique of Authority in Islamic Law by Abdul-Rahman Mustafa
18. Considered by Jalal-Al-Din Al-Suyuti.
19. Law and Legal Theory in Classical and Medieval Islam by Wael B. Hallaq
20. Ibn Taymiyyah, Salafi calls “Sheikh-ul-Islam” - Hidaya Research
21. "Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah and the praise of the imams for him".
22. "Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani on Ibn Taymiyyah".
23. "Role of Sheikh Ibn Taymiyyah as the "Mujaddid"".
24. Islamic Intellectual History in the Seventeenth Century by Khaled El-Rouayheb
25. Recognised as a mujaddid by Jalal-Al-Din Al-Suyuti.
26. "Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani". Hanafi.co.uk.
27. ^ Azra, Azyumardi (2004). The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia part of the ASAA Southeast Asia Publications Series. University of Hawaii Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780824828486. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help)
28. The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia: Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern 'Ulama' in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries by Azyumardi Azra
29. Islam in Modern Asia by I.K. Khan
30. Glasse, Cyril (1997). The New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. p. 432. ISBN 90 04 10672 3. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help)
31. "A Short Biographical Sketch of Mawlana al-Haddad". Iqra Islamic Publications.
32. Kunju, Saifudheen (2012). "Shah Waliullah al-Dehlawi: Thoughts and Contributions": 1. Retrieved 5 April 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
33. "Gyarwee Sharif". al-mukhtar books.
34. "The initial alacrity with which Ibn ‘Ajība set about ‘‘renewing God’s religion” is mirrored by the moralizing, inward-looking character of many passages of his Tafsīr." Esoteric Hermeneutic of Ibn 'Ajiba by Faris Casewit
35. O. Hunwick, John (1995). African And Islamic Revival in Sudanic Africa: A Journal of Historical Sources. p. 6. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help)
36. "Imaam Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab - His Life and Mission - by Sheikh ibn Baz".
37. "Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhaab – a reformer concerning whom many malicious lies have been told - IslamQA".
38. Muhammad 'Abduh and Rashid Rida: Contributions to the Reinterpretation of Islamic Constitutional and Legal Theory by Malcolm H. Kerr
39. Biographical Dictionary of Modern Egypt by Arthur Goldschmidt
40. Modernist Islam, 1840-1940: A Sourcebook by Charles Kurzman
41. Intellectuals in the Modern Islamic World: Transmission, Transformation and Communication (New Horizons in Islamic Studies) by Stephane A. Dudoignon, Komatsu Hisao, Kosugi Yasushi
42. Shaikh Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur is the most renowned Zaytuna Imam and one of the great Islamic scholars of the 20th century.
43. Rippin, Andrew. Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. p. 282. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help)
44. Praised by Imam Muhammad Abu Zahra as a Reviver (mujaddid).
45. Egyptian modernist reformer and rector of al-Azhar. Called for social, legal, and educational reforms. Pursued an aggressive campaign to integrate modern sciences into al-Azhar's curriculum. Called for the exercise of ijtihad (independent reasoning) and reconciliation of different schools of Islamic law. Participated in international religious conferences. Desired a greater role for clergy in government. The Oxford Dictionary of Islam by John L. Esposito
46. Mahmud Shaltut and Islamic Modernism by Kate Zebiri
47. Muhammad Abu Zahrah was a well-known legal theorist and jurist of 20th. His publishers call him Imam, ranking him with the great figures of Islamic scholarship of the past, such as Abu Haneefah, Malik, Al-Shafie and Ibn Hanbal. Arab News
48. He was an unequalled imam and preacher and the most popular Islamic scholar in the second half of 1900s, so much so that he won the hearts of millions of people in the Arab and Islamic worlds. Almasry Alyoum
49. "In this latest generation, I have never seen the highest mujaddid like Ahmad Deedat (in terms of comparative religion)" An Interview with Sh. Muhammad Awal
50. Mostafa Mahmoud: The Life Path of a Polymath by Wael Hazem Fouda
51. "Al-Albani: The great reviver of our era".
52. "Mohammed al-Ghazali, Overseer of the Islamic Awakening and his Ummah's Path".
53. Bensaid, Benaouda. Towards a model of Da'wah in Contemporary Societies: The Case of Shaykh Muhammad Al-Ghazālī (1917-1996) (Ph.D thesis). McGill University. {{cite thesis}}: Text "Date:2008" ignored (help)
54. Grine, Fadila. The Problem of Culture in Shaykh Ghazali s Thought: The Muslim Woman as a Case Study (Ph.D thesis). Universiti Malaya. {{cite thesis}}: Text "Date:2010" ignored (help)
55. "al-Ghazali as al-Qaradawi sees him".
56. "Shaykh Abdul'azeez ibn Baaz: In the eyes of the scholars". almuflihoon.com. There's no doubt that Our Shaykh , and our father , Shaykh Abdulazeez ibn Baz is an Imaam , a Mujaddid (reviver) in our present time. He is an Imaam in the sciences of Hadeeth and its narrators ; without any doubt. And he is an Imaam in fiqh and in precision, And he is an Imaam in calling to Allaah by his tongue , his pen , his self and his wealth. And he is an Imaam in generosity of himself and generosity of his hand. And he is an Imaam in giving advice in affairs and having diligence In this. And he is an Imaam in gentleness, humility, contentment, fear of Allaah , and righteousness
57. "The Mujaddid, ash-Shaykh Muqbel rahimahullaah". dawahfromyemen.info. Allaamah al Muhadith al Mujaahid, Mujadid (A Reviver)
58. "Shaykh Muhammad Ibn Saalih Al-Uthaymeen". calltoislam.com.

Further reading

• Alvi, Sajida S. "The Mujaddid and Tajdīd Traditions in the Indian Subcontinent: An Historical Overview" ("Hindistan’da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış"). Journal of Turkish Studies 18 (1994): 1–15.
• Friedmann, Yohanan. "Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity". Oxford India Paperbacks

External links

• Concept of a Mujaddid and the past and present ones
• Islami Mehfil, Concept Of Revivalist (Mujaddid) In Islam

• Mujaddid