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THE HISTORY BOOK LIED TO YOU. HE DID NOTHING.
{{Distinguish|Muhammad Abdul Wahhab|Shah Abdul Wahhab}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox Muslim scholar
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
|jurisprudence = ] <ref></ref>
| caption =
| name = Muhammad
ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb
| fullname = Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
| other_names =
| birth_date = 1703
| birth_place = ], ]
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1792|1703}}
| death_place = ]
| era = 18th century
| region = Present day ]
| denomination = ]
| movement = ]
| main_interests = ]
| notable_ideas = Views on ], ] and ]<ref name ="Kitab al-Tawhid"/><ref name="Risālah Aslu Dīn Al-Islām wa Qā’idatuhu" />
| major_works =
| influences = ]<br/>]<br/>]
| influenced = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>]
}}
{{Arabic name pattern
| ism = Muhammad
| nasab = ibn `Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rashid
| kunya = Abu Abdullah
| laqab =
| nisba = al- Tamimi
}}
'''Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab''' ({{IPAc-en|w|ə|ˈ|h|ɑː|b}}; {{lang-ar|محمد بن عبد الوهاب}}; 1703 – 22 June 1792) was a ] preacher and scholar from ] in central ] who claimed to "purify" Islam by returning it to what, he believed, were the original principles of that religion as the '']'', that is first three generations of Muslims, understood it.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.saudinf.com/main/b22.htm|title = Imam Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab|date = |accessdate = 10 March 2015|website = Saudi Arabian Market Information Resource|publisher = Saudi Arabian Market Information Resource|last = |first = }}</ref> He rejected certain common Muslim practices which he regarded as amounting to either religious innovation ('']'') or polytheism ('']''). His movement is today often known as "]", although many adherents see this as a derogatory term coined by his opponents, and prefer it to be known as "]".<ref name=WahabiSalafi>{{cite web|url=http://www.alahazrat.net/islam/wahabi-salafi.php |title=Wahabi & Salafi |publisher=Alahazrat.net |date= |accessdate=17 September 2012}}</ref><ref> Linked 2015-03-03</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Commins |first=David |title=The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia |publisher=I.B.Tauris |year=2009 |page=ix|quote=Thus, the mission's devotees contend that 'Wahhabism' is a misnomer for their efforts to revive correct Islamic belief and practice. Instead of the Wahhabi label, they prefer either ''salafi'', one who follows the ways of the first Muslim ancestors (''salaf''), or ''muwahhid'', one who professes God's unity.}}</ref><ref name=Delong-Bas-4>{{cite book|last1=]|first1=Natana J.|title=Wahhabi Islam|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=4}}</ref>

Many scholars claim that Salafism is a term applicable to several forms of puritanical Islam in various parts of the world, while Wahhabism refers to the specific Saudi school, which is seen as a more strict form of Salafism. According to Ahmad Moussalli, professor of political science at the American University of Beirut, "As a rule, all Wahhabis are Salafists, but not all Salafists are Wahhabis".<ref name=Moussalli>{{cite book|last=Moussalli|first=Ahmad|title=Wahhabism, Salafism and Islamism: Who Is The Enemy?|date=January 30, 2009|publisher=A Conflicts Forum Monograph|page=3|url=http://conflictsforum.org/briefings/Wahhabism-Salafism-and-Islamism.pdf}}</ref> Yet others mean that while Wahhabism and Salafism originally were two different things, they became practically indistinguishable in the 1970s.<ref>Abou El Fadl, Khaled M., ''The Great Theft'', HarperSanFrancisco, 2005, p.79</ref><ref> Linked 2015-03-03</ref> 20th century Albanian scholar ] refers his activism to as "Najdi da'wah."<ref name=":0">{{cite web|last1=Qadhi|first1=Dr. Yasir|title=On Salafi Islam|url=http://muslimmatters.org/2014/04/22/on-salafi-islam-dr-yasir-qadhi/|website=Muslim Matters|accessdate=1 March 2015}}</ref>

Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's pact with ] helped to establish the ]<ref>]: 257–258</ref> and began a dynastic alliance and power-sharing arrangement between their families which continues to the present day in the Kingdom of ].<ref name="meforum.org">{{cite journal |author=Nawaf E. Obaid |date=Sep 1999 |title=The Power of Saudi Arabia's Islamic Leaders |journal=Middle East Quarterly |volume=VI |issue=3 |pages=51–58 |url=http://www.meforum.org/482/the-power-of-saudi-arabias-islamic-leaders |accessdate=23 June 2011}}</ref> The descendants of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, the ], have historically led the ] in the Saudi state,<ref name="Abir 1987: 4, 5, 7">]: 4, 5, 7</ref> dominating the state's clerical institutions.<ref name="Met92">]</ref>

==Early years==
Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab is generally acknowledged<ref>While there is some consensus over these details, the opinion is not unanimous over the specifics in regard to his place and date of birth. Seemingly his recognition with the Banu Tamim tribe thought is in line with the justification by some scholars of being the inheritor of the teachings of ].</ref> to have been born in 1703<ref name="Philby 1930: 8">]: 8</ref> into the sedentary Arab clan of ]<ref>]: 470</ref> (the Banu Tamim were not a nomadic tribe) in ], a village in the ] region of the modern Saudi Arabia.<ref name="Philby 1930: 8"/><ref>]: 1086</ref>

He was thought to have started studying Islam at an early age, primarily with his father, ʿ],<ref name="Gha">]: 75–76</ref><ref>]: 55</ref> as his family was from a line of scholars of the ].<ref name="EI2: 677-678">]: 677–678</ref>

Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab reportedly spent some time studying with Muslim scholars in the cities of ] and ] after performing ], notably ].<ref>]: 17–19</ref><ref>]: 21</ref><ref>Official sources on Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's life put his visits to these cities in different chronological orders, and the full extent of such travels remains disputed among historians. As well, dates are missing in a great many cases, making it difficult to reconstruct a chronology of his life up until his return to 'Uyayna in 1740.</ref> and in ] (in southern ]).<ref name="Gha"/><ref>]: 7–8</ref>

Mohammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab's teacher Abdallah ibn Ibrahim ibn Sayf introduced the relatively young man to ] in ] and recommended him as a student.<ref name="Voll"/> Mohammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab and al-Sindi became very close and Mohammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab stayed with him for some time.<ref name="Voll">]: 32–39</ref> Scholars have described Muhammad Hayya as having an important influence on Mohammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, who taught Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab to utilize informed individual analysis (]). Muhammad Hayya also taught Mohammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab to reject popular religious practices associated with ]s and their tombs that resembles later Wahhabi teachings.<ref name="Voll"/> Muhammad Hayya and his milieu are important for understanding the origins of at least the Wahhabi revivalist impulse.<ref></ref>{{failed verification|date=April 2013}}

Following his early education in ], Abdul Wahhab traveled outside of the peninsula, venturing first to ].

===Early preaching===
After his return home, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab began to attract followers, including the ruler of 'Uyayna, Uthman ibn Mu'ammar. With Ibn Mu'ammar, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab came to an agreement to support Ibn Mu'ammar's political ambitions to expand his rule "over Najd and possibly beyond", in exchange for the ruler’s support for Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's religious teachings. ʿAbd al-Wahhab began to implement some of his ideas for reform. First, citing Islamic teachings forbidding ], he persuaded ] to help him level the grave of ], a ], whose grave was revered by locals. Secondly, he ordered the cutting down of trees considered sacred by locals, cutting down "the most glorified of all of the trees" himself. He is known to have organised the stoning of a woman who confessed to having committed adultery.<ref name="Lacey 1983: 56">]: 56</ref><ref name="DeLong-Bas 2004: 24">]: 24</ref>

These actions gained the attention of ] of the tribe of ], the chief of ] and ], who held substantial influence in ]. ] threatened ] with denying him the ability to collect a land tax for some properties that Ibn Mu'ammar owned in ] if he did not kill or drive away Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab. Consequently, Ibn Mu'ammar forced Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab to leave.<ref name="DeLong-Bas 2004: 24"/><ref>]: 28</ref>

==Emergence of Saudi state==
{{Salafi}}

===Pact with Muhammad bin Saud===
]
Upon his expulsion from '], Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab was invited to settle in neighboring ] by its ruler ]. After some time in ], Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab concluded his second and more successful agreement with a ruler.<ref name="DeLong-Bas 2004: 34">]: 34</ref> Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab and Muhammad bin Saud agreed that, together, they would bring the Arabs of the peninsula back to the "true" principles of Islam as they saw it. According to one source, when they first met, bin Saud declared:
{{quote|text="This oasis is yours, do not fear your enemies. By the name of God, if all Nejd was summoned to throw you out, we will never agree to expel you." |sign=Madawi al-Rasheed |source='']: 16}}
Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab replied:
{{quote|text="You are the settlement's chief and wise man. I want you to grant me an oath that you will perform ] (Struggle to spread Islam) against the unbelievers. In return you will be imam, leader of the Muslim community and I will be leader in religious matters." |sign=Madawi al-Rasheed |source='']: 16''}}
The agreement was confirmed with a mutual oath of loyalty ('']'') in 1744.<ref>]</ref>
Ibn Abd al-Wahhab would be responsible for religious matters and Ibn Saud in charge of political and military issues.<ref name="DeLong-Bas 2004: 34"/> This agreement became a "mutual support pact"{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} and power-sharing arrangement between the ] family, and the ] and followers of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, which has remained in place for nearly 300 years,<ref>]: 51–58</ref> providing the ideological impetus to ] expansion.<ref>]: 89–90</ref>

===Emirate of Diriyah (First Saudi State)===
{{main|Emirate of Diriyah}}
The 1744 pact between Muhammad bin Saud and Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab marked the emergence of the first ] state, the Emirate of ]. By offering the ] a clearly defined religious mission, the alliance provided the ideological impetus to ] expansion.<ref name="Met92"/> First conquering ], ] forces expanded the ] influence to most of the present-day territory of ],<ref name="Met92"/> eradicating various popular practices akin to ] and propagating the doctrines of ʿAbd al-Wahhab.<ref name="Met92"/><ref>]</ref>

==Family==
{{main|Al ash-Sheikh}}
While in ], Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab married an ] woman. When she died, he inherited her property and wealth.<ref name="ReferenceA">]</ref> This claim of marriage to "wealthy woman" and traveling to ] is challenged by scholars who assert that his marriage was arranged by his father when he was a teenager and he never traveled beyond ].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hasan 'Abdul Ghaffaar|first1=Shaykh Suhayb|title=A Correction Of Misunderstandings Found In Non-Arabic Sources About The Movement Of Sheikh Muhammad Bin Abdul Wahhab|url=http://www.ahya.org/amm/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=180|website=Ahya.com|accessdate=1 March 2015}}</ref> Muhammad ibn 'Abd Al-Wahhab had six sons; Hussain, Abdullah, Hassan, Ali and Ibrahim and Abdul-Aziz who died in his youth. All his surviving sons established religious schools close to their homes and taught the young students from ] and other places.<ref name="sultan1">{{cite web|url=http://sultan.org/articles/wahabism.html |title=Wahabism Exposed! |publisher=Sultan.org |date= |accessdate=17 September 2012}}</ref>{{better source|date=March 2015}}

The descendants of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, the Al ash-Sheikh, have historically led the ] in the Saudi state,<ref name="Abir 1987: 4, 5, 7"/> dominating the state's religious institutions.<ref name="Met92"/> Within Saudi Arabia, the family is held in prestige similar to the ], with whom they share power, and has included several religious scholars and officials.<ref name="Ott08">]: 176</ref> The arrangement between the two families is based on the Al Saud maintaining the Al ash-Sheikh's authority in religious matters and upholding and propagating ] doctrine. In return, the Al ash-Sheikh support the Al Saud's political authority<ref>]: 50</ref> thereby using its religious-] to legitimise the royal family's rule.<ref>]: 37–50</ref>

==Teachings==
:''See also ] and ]''.

Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab considered his movement an effort to purify Islam by returning Muslims to what, he believed, were the original principles of that religion, as typified by the ] and rejecting, what he regarded, as religious innovations ('']'') and polytheism ('']'').<ref name="WahTaw">]</ref> He taught that the primary doctrine of Islam was the uniqueness and unity of God ('']'').<ref name="Esposito333">{{harvnb|Esposito|2003|p=333}}</ref><ref name="AllahInBritannica">{{cite encyclopedia
| title=Allah
| encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online
| accessdate=2008-05-28
| location=
| publisher=
| url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005770/Allah}}</ref> The first aspect of Tawhid is belief in ] and His Lordship, that He alone is the believer's lord ('']''). The second is the oneness of worship to Allah and Allah alone. The third being belief and affirmation of Allah's Names and Attributes.

The "core" of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's teaching is found in ''Kitab al-Tawhid'', a short essay which draws from material in the Quran and the recorded doings and sayings ('']'') of the Islamic prophet ].<ref>{{cite book|last=Commins |first=David |title=The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia |publisher=I.B.Tauris |year=2009 |page=12|quote=This brief essay is of tremendous significance for the Wahhabi mission and the subject of enduring controversy between supporters and detractors. It represents the core of Sheikh Muhhamad's teaching and the foundation of the Wahhabi canon. }}</ref> It preaches that worship in Islam includes conventional acts of worship such as the five daily prayers ('']''); fasting ('']''); supplication ('']''); seeking protection or refuge (''Istia'dha''); seeking help (''Ist'ana'' and ''Istighatha'') of Allah.<ref name ="Kitab al-Tawhid">Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, ''Kitab al-Tawhid''</ref>{{Page needed|date=March 2013}}

Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab was keen on emphasizing that other acts, such as making ''dua'' or calling upon/supplication to or seeking help, protection or intercession from anyone or anything other than Allah, are acts of ''shirk'' and contradict the tenets of ] and that those who tried would never be forgiven.<ref name="Kitab al-Tawhid"/>{{Page needed|date=March 2013}}<ref name="WahKas">]</ref>

Although all Muslims pray to one God (''Allah''), the highlight of this movement was that no intercession with God was possible, Muhammad strictly advocated ] of those who considered themselves Muslim but were actually (Ibn Abdul-Wahhab believed) polytheists (''mushrikeen'').<ref name="Risālah Aslu Dīn Al-Islām wa Qā’idatuhu">{{cite book | url=http://al-aqeedah.com/images/books/asludeen.pdf | title=Risālah Aslu Dīn Al-Islām wa Qā'idatuhu | publisher=Shaikh Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab}} ()</ref> However, he avoided blanket ] to all groups.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://muslimmatters.org/2014/04/22/on-salafi-islam-dr-yasir-qadhi/2/|title = On Salafi Islam|date = 22 April 2014|accessdate = 1 March 2015|website = Muslim Matters|publisher = |last = Qadhi|first = Dr. Yasir}}</ref> In this regard he said "I do not say that own who prostrates on the grave ] unknowingly, has done shirk, but the one has done knowingly has."<ref name="WahTaw" />

===On Sufism===
Although highly critical of the ] practice of ], at the end of his treatise, ''Al-Hadiyyah al-Suniyyah'',Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's son ‘Abd Allah speaks positively on the practice of ] (purification of the inner self).<ref>{{cite web|last1=al-Makki|first1=‘Abd al-Hafiz|title=Shaykh Muhammad bin ‘Abd al-Wahhab and Sufism|url=http://www.deoband.org/2011/01/tasawwuf/shariah-and-tariqah-tasawwuf/shaykh-muhammad-bin-%E2%80%98abd-al-wahhab-and-sufism/|website=Deoband.org|publisher=Deoband.org|accessdate=3 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Rida|first1=Rashid|title=Commentary of Shaykh ‘Abd Allah bin Shaykh Muhammad bin ‘Abd al-Wahhab al-Najdi’s Al-Hadiyyah al-Suniyyah|date=1925|publisher=Al Manar Publishers|location=Egypt|page=50}}</ref>

===Non-Muslims===
According to author ],<ref name=Gold-25>{{cite book|last1=Gold|first1=Dore|title=Hatred's Kingdom|date=2003|publisher=Regnery Publishing|location=Washington, DC|page=25|edition=First}}</ref> in ''Kitab al-Tawhid'', Ibn Abd al-Wahhab described followers of both the Christian and Jewish faiths as sorcerers who believed in devil worship, and cited a ] of the prophet stating that punishment for the sorcerer is `that he be struck with the sword.`<ref>Sheikh-ul-Islam Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab, ''Kitab al-Tawhid'' (Riyadh: Dar-us-Salam Publications, 1996) Chapter 24, particularly page 97</ref> Wahhab asserted that both religions had improperly made the graves of their prophet into places of worship and warned Muslims not to imitate this practice.<ref>Sheikh-ul-Islam Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab, ''Kitab al-Tawhid'' (Riyadh: Dar-us-Salam Publications, 1996, page 83)</ref> Wahhab concluded that `The ways of the people of the book are condemned as those of polytheists.`<ref>Sheikh-ul-Islam Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab, ''Kitab al-Tawhid'' (Riyadh: Dar-us-Salam Publications, 1996, Chapter 9, page 51)</ref>

However author ] defends Wahhab, stating that
<blockquote>despite his at times vehement denunciations of other religious groups for their supposedly heretical beliefs, Ibn Abd al Wahhab never called for their destruction or death. … he assumed that these people would be punished in the Afterlife …"<ref name=WahhabiIslam>{{cite book
| last = DeLong-Bas
| first = Natana J.
| authorlink =
| title = Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
| publisher = ], USA
| year = 2004
| location = New York
| page =61
| edition=First
| isbn = 0-19-516991-3}}</ref>
</blockquote>

==Reception==
<!-- IMPORTANT: This section is not for the sole discussion of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's views; discuss his character and legacy as well. Also, please note that this article is about Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab; if you want to describe Salafi views, go to their respective articles. Most importantly, though, this is NOT a criticism section. Some people supported al-Wahhab, some people didn't; explain their views but not at the expense of either side. Lastly, this section need not be restricted to the opinions of Muslims. -->

===By contemporaries===
As with the early ]sts, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's teachings were criticized by a number of Islamic scholars for disregarding Islamic history, monuments, traditions and the sanctity of Muslim life.<ref name="Fad07">]: 56–57</ref> His own brother, Sulayman, was particularly critical, claiming he was ill-educated and intolerant, classing Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's views as fringe and fanatical.<ref name="Fad07"/>{{dubious|date=March 2015}} It is generally believed, however, that the two later reconciled.<ref>{{cite web|title=WAHABISM EXPOSED!": Sheikh Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al Wahhab|url=http://sultan.org/articles/wahabism.html|publisher=Hidaayah Islamic Foundation Sri Lanka|accessdate=3 April 2015}}</ref> A list of scholars with opposing views, along with names of their books and related information, was compiled by the Islamic scholar Muhammad Hisham.<ref>Zahawi (1994), pages 7-15.</ref>

===By modern scholars===
{{expand section|date=December 2011}}
] scholars such ] have spoken positively on him.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who was Mohammed ibn Abdul Wahab & what did he do? By Dr. Israr Ahmed|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rh6BDnabExQ|website=Youtube|accessdate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab is accepted by ] scholars as an authority and source of reference.

===Namesake===
The state ] of ] is named after him.<ref>{{cite web|title=Imam Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab Mosque in Doha - Qatar|url=http://www.beautifulmosque.com/Imam-Muhammad-ibn-Abdul-Wahhab-Mosque-in-Doha-Qatar|website=Beautiful Mosque|accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> The "]" was opened in 2011, with the ] presiding over the occasion.<ref>{{cite news|title=Qatar’s state mosque opens to the public|url=http://dohanews.co/the-state-mosque-of-qatar-now-officially/|accessdate=19 June 2015|agency=Doha News|publisher=Doha News|date=6 December 2011}}</ref>

==Works==
* ''''<ref name="Risālah Aslu Dīn Al-Islām wa Qā’idatuhu" />
* ''Kitab al-Quran'' (The book of Allah)
* ''Kitab at-Tawhid'' (The Book of the Unity of God)<ref name="WahTaw"/>
* ''Kashf ush-Shubuhaat'' (Clarification of the Doubts)<ref name="WahKas"/>
* ''Al-Usool-uth-Thalaatha" (The Three Fundamental Principles)
* ''
* ''Al-Usool us Sittah'' (The Six Fundamental Principles)
* ''Nawaaqid al Islaam'' (Nullifiers of Islaam)
* ''Adab al-Mashy Ila as-Salaa'' (Manners of Walking to the Prayer)
* ''Usul al-Iman'' (Foundations of Faith)
* ''Fada'il al-Islam'' (Excellent Virtues of Islam)
* ''Fada'il al-Qur'an'' (Excellent Virtues of the Qur'an)
* ''Majmu'a al-Hadith 'Ala Abwab al-Fiqh'' (Compendium of the Hadith on the Main Topics of the Fiqh)
* ''Mukhtasar al-Iman'' (Abridgement of the Faith; i.e. the summarised version of a work on Faith)
* ''Mukhtasar al-Insaf wa'l-Sharh al-Kabir'' (Abridgement of the Equity and the Great Explanation)
* ''Mukhtasar Seerat ar-Rasul'' (Summarised Biography of the Prophet)
* ''Kitaabu l-Kabaair'' (The Book of Great Sins)
* ''Kitabu l-Imaan'' (The Book of Trust)
*''Al-Radd 'ala al-]'' (The Refutation of the Rejectionists)

==See also==
* Valentine, S. R., "Force & Fanaticism: Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia and Beyond", Hurst & Co, London, 2015, ISBN 978-1849044646
*'']'', a Turkish disinformation pamphlet about his life

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
There are two contemporary histories of Muhammed ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab and his religious movement from the point of view of his supporters: Ibn Ghannam's ''Rawdhat al-Afkar wal-Afham'' or ''Tarikh Najd'' (History of Najd) and Ibn Bishr's ''Unwan al-Majd fi Tarikh Najd''. Husain ibn Ghannam (d. 1811), an ] from ] was the only historian to have observed the beginnings of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's movement first-hand. His chronicle ends at the year 1797.<ref name="Vasilʹev 1998: 13">]: 13</ref><ref>]</ref> Ibn Bishr's chronicle, which stops at the year 1854, was written a generation later than Ibn Ghannam's, but is considered valuable partly because ] was a native of Najd and because he adds many details to ]'s account.<ref name="Vasilʹev 1998: 13"/>

A third account, dating from around 1817 is ''Lam' al-Shihab'', written by an anonymous ] author who respectfully disapproved of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's movement, regarding it as a ''bid‘ah''. It is also commonly cited because it is considered to be a relatively objective contemporary treatment of the subject. However, unlike Ibn Ghannam and Ibn Bishr, its author did not live in ] and his work is believed to contain some apocryphal and legendary material with respect to the details of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's life.<ref name="EI2: 677-678"/><ref>]: 14</ref>

==External links==
*{{cite web|url=http://abdurrahman.org/scholars/AbdulWahab.html |title=Shaykhul Islaam Muhammad Ibn 'Abdul-Wahhaab |publisher=Abdurrahman.org |date= |accessdate=26 December 2011}} List of works by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|last=Abualrub |first=Jalal |title=Muhammad ibn Abdil Wahhab: his life-story and mission|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hbcQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=25 December 2011|date=January 2003|publisher=Madinah Publishers and Distributors|isbn=978-0-9703766-5-7}}
*{{cite book |last=al-Rasheed |first=Madawi |title=Kingdom without borders: Saudi political, religious and media frontiers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UKkWRu6u29gC |date=1 January 2009 |publisher=Capstone |isbn=978-0-231-70068-9}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Muhammed ibn Abd-al-Wahhab
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = محمد بن عبد الوهاب (Arabic)
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Modern Muslim Scholar
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1703
| PLACE OF BIRTH = 'Uyayna
| DATE OF DEATH = 22 June 1792
| PLACE OF DEATH = Diriyah
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abd Al Wahhab, Muhammad Ibn}}
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Revision as of 05:39, 20 September 2015

THE HISTORY BOOK LIED TO YOU. HE DID NOTHING.