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| ==Income Disparity in Malaysia== | ==Income Disparity in Malaysia== | ||
| According to the UNDP 1997 Human Development Report,<ref>, Professor Michael Leigh | According to the UNDP 1997 Human Development Report,<ref>, Professor Michael Leigh | ||
| Director Institute of East Asian Studies University Malaysia, Sarawak.</ref> ] in ], is the highest in ]. In another report by the latest ] ] (UNHDP) Report 2004,<ref>, If |
Director Institute of East Asian Studies University Malaysia, Sarawak.</ref> ] in ], is the highest in ]. In another report by the latest ] ] (UNHDP) Report 2004,<ref>, If the 2004 ] profits of RM 35.6 billion (US$9.89 billion) were distributed to the poor, Malaysia would not have wealth distribution problems.</ref> Malaysia has the worst income disparity between the rich and poor in Southeast Asia, higher than ], ], ], ] and ]. The UNHDP Report 2004 shows the richest 10% in Malaysia controls 38.4% of our economic income as compared to our poorest 10% controlling only 1.7%. ] as the capital of Malaysia has an obvious increasing of ], ] and ]. In recent years, a great lot of ], ], ], etc, these criminal acts became a big threat to the country. | ||
| ==Web References== | ==Web References== | ||
Revision as of 20:10, 10 August 2006
Income disparity or wage gap is a term used to describe inequities in average pay or salary between socio-economic groups within society, or the inequities in pay between individuals who produce the same work. Income disparity generally occurs when certain groups within society suffer from social inequality within a society.
Common examples include:
- lower average income for females than males (see #Gender gap below)
- Income discrepancy between minority ethnic groups and the majority.
- The income gap between the wealthy and the poor.
Gender gap
In the context of economic inequality, gender gap generally refers to the systemic differences in the social and economic roles of men and women, or boys and girls. There is a debate to what extent this is the result of gender differences, lifestyle choices, or because of discrimination.
The widespread mechanization of industry has been accompanied by a shift in gender differentials in highly industrialized countries. However, this closing of the gender gap has not necessarily been followed in less industrialized countries, where women may earn less than two thirds that of men.
A United Nations report found that women working in manufacturing earned the following percentages in relation to men in 2003:
- Botswana: 53%
- Columbia: 65%
- Paraguay: 53%
- Japan: 60%
- Singapore: 61%
- Sri Lanka: 81%
- Denmark: 87%
- France: 78%
- Germany: 74%
- Hungary: 74%
- Ireland: 69%
- Latvia: 82%
- Lithuania: 77%
- Malta: 92%
- Sweden: 91%
- Ukraine: 69%
- United Kingdom: 79%
- New Zealand: 80%
In 2004, women's wages in the USA were 76.5% of men's wages. This number compares the income off all men and women who work 35 hours or more each week. However, some studies, such as those done by the Independent Women's Forum, conclude that when taking into account variables when comparing male and female employment within the United States - type of job, hours worked in a week, tenure, benefits (for example maternity leave) - women make 98% of men's income. For further information, see Male-female income disparity in the USA .
According to the Centre for Economic Performance (CEP) at the London School of Economics, it would take 150 years for the income gap between the two genders to close up due to discrimination and ineffective government policies.
Income Disparity in Malaysia
According to the UNDP 1997 Human Development Report, income disparity in Malaysia, is the highest in Southeast Asia. In another report by the latest United Nations Human Development (UNHDP) Report 2004, Malaysia has the worst income disparity between the rich and poor in Southeast Asia, higher than Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam and Indonesia. The UNHDP Report 2004 shows the richest 10% in Malaysia controls 38.4% of our economic income as compared to our poorest 10% controlling only 1.7%. Kuala Lumpur as the capital of Malaysia has an obvious increasing of squatters, shanties and slums. In recent years, a great lot of Snatch theft, robberies, rapes, etc, these criminal acts became a big threat to the country.
Web References
- ""Women have to wait 150 yrs for equal pay: Study"". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2006-07-29.
- Asian Analysis 1998 by Asean Focus Group, Professor Michael Leigh Director Institute of East Asian Studies University Malaysia, Sarawak.
- Speech at the Meeting between DAPSY National and Perak State Leaders In Teluk Intan by Lim Guan Eng, If the 2004 Petronas profits of RM 35.6 billion (US$9.89 billion) were distributed to the poor, Malaysia would not have wealth distribution problems.
See also
- Economic inequality
- Income inequality metrics
- International inequality
- Male-female income disparity in the USA
Notes
- Gender, Informality and Poverty: A Global Review S.V. Sethuraman, WIEGO, October 1998
- Statistics and indicators on women and men: Table 5g Women's wages relative to men's United Nations Statistics Division, 22 April 2005