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{{About|the fictional species|other uses|Dalek (disambiguation)}}
Hello my name is jeeef
{{Doctor Who race
trooll oon wweeeeekond
| image = ]
A mom a fatherhhh
| caption = The 2005 redesign of the Daleks, as seen in "]".
| name = Daleks
| type = ] mutants in mechanical shells (with some exceptions)
| affiliation = ]
| planet = ]
| start = '']'' (1963)<!--The Daleks are ongoing, do not add "old series last appearance" or somesuch.-->
}}
The '''Daleks''' {{IPAc-en|audio=Mgm_pronunciation_Dalek.ogg|ˈ|d|ɑː|l|ɛ|k|s}} are a fictional ] race of ]s principally portrayed in the British ] programme '']''. The Daleks were conceived by science-fiction writer ] and first appeared in the 1963 ''Doctor Who'' serial '']'', in the shells designed by ].

Within the programme narrative, Daleks are an extraterrestrial race of ]s created by the scientist ] during the final years of a thousand-year war against the ]s. He genetically modified his race (known as the '''Kaleds'''), and integrated them with a ]-like, ]ic shell. His final modification was to remove their ability to feel pity, compassion, or remorse. The Daleks soon came to view themselves as the supreme race in the universe and began a conquest of universal domination and extermination. Various storylines portray them as having had every emotion removed except ], leaving them with a desire to purge the universe of all non-Dalek life. Collectively they are the greatest enemies of the series' protagonist, the ] known as the ]. During a conflict with the Time Lords, the Daleks were almost completely killed off. This took place off-screen between the 1996 television movie and the 2005 revived series, and was depicted in the 50th anniversary special "]". Their defeat was a plot point in several episodes. They are popularly known for their ] "Exterminate!" and are a well-recognised reference in British popular culture.

==Creation==
The Daleks were created by writer ] and designed by ] designer ].<ref name=Cusick>{{cite book |last=Briggs |first=Asa |authorlink=Asa Briggs |title=The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom |year=1995 |volume=vol. 5 |publisher=] |url=http://books.google.com/?id=0pRGjVGtUvwC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A019215964X&pg=PA422#v=onepage&q= |accessdate=20 March 2010 |isbn=0-19-215964-X }}<br/>Designer Raymond Cusick said that he got the idea of their appearance "whilst fiddling with a pepperpot" and had them produced in fibreglass, at a cost of under &pound;250 each.</ref> They were introduced in December 1963 in the second ''Doctor Who'' serial, colloquially known as '']''.<ref name=B2>{{cite episode
| title = The Survivors
| episodelink =
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink = Doctor Who
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Producer ]
| network = BBC
| city = London
| airdate = 28 December 1963
}}</ref> They became an immediate and huge hit with viewers, featuring in many subsequent serials and two 1960s motion pictures. They have become as synonymous with ''Doctor Who'' as the Doctor himself, and their behaviour and catchphrases are now part of British ]. "Hiding ] whenever the Daleks appear" has been cited as an element of British cultural identity;<ref>{{cite news
| date = 14 September 2006
| title = The end of Olde Englande: A lament for Blighty
|work=The Economist
| volume =
| issue =
|url=http://www.economist.com/world/britain/displaystory.cfm?story_id=7912946
| accessdate =9 March 2010
}}</ref> and a 2008 survey indicated that nine out of ten British children were able to identify a Dalek correctly.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-global/w-news/w-latest_news/w-news-wildlife_alien.htm |title=Wildlife is alien to a generation of indoor children |accessdate=9 March 2010 |publisher=] website |date=9 July 2008 }}</ref> In 1999 a Dalek photographed by ] appeared on a postage stamp celebrating British popular culture.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/351568.stm | title= Mercury and Moore head millennium stamps |publisher=BBC News |date=24 May 1999 | accessdate=9 March 2010}}</ref> In 2010, readers of science-fiction magazine SFX voted the Dalek as the all-time greatest monster, beating competition including Japanese ] ] and ]'s ], of '']''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/7951609/Daleks-named-greatest-monsters-by-sci-fi-fans.html |title=Daleks named greatest monsters by sci-fi fans |date=18 August 2010 |accessdate=18 August 2010 |publisher=The Telegraph |location=London}}</ref>

==Entry into popular culture==
The word "Dalek" has entered major dictionaries, including the '']'', which defines "Dalek" as "a type of robot appearing in 'Dr. Who',{{sic}} a B.B.C. Television science-fiction programme; hence used allusively."<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=J. A. |editor1-last=Simpson |editor1-link=John Simpson (lexicographer) |editor2-first=E. S. C. |editor2-last=Weiner |editor2-link=Edmund Weiner |title=], Volume IV: creel–duzepere |edition=2nd |year=1989 |publisher=] |location=] |isbn=0-19-861216-8 |pages=221–222 }}</ref> But English-speakers sometimes use the term ]ically to describe people, usually authority figures, who act like robots unable to break from their programming. For example, ], the ] from 1992 to 2000, was publicly called a "croak-voiced Dalek" by playwright ] in the MacTaggart Lecture at the 1993 ].<ref>{{cite news
| first = Owen
| last = Gibson
| title = Paxman to raise eyebrows at TV festival lecture
|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/may/14/edinburghtvfestival2007.broadcasting
| format = online
|work=The Guardian |location=UK
| date = 14 May 2007
| accessdate =9 March 2010
}}</ref>

==Physical characteristics==
Externally, Daleks resemble human-sized ]<ref name="Cusick"/> with a single mechanical eyestalk mounted on a rotating dome, a gun mount containing an energy weapon ("gunstick" or "]"), and a telescopic manipulator arm usually tipped by an appendage resembling a sink ]. Daleks have been known to use their plungers to interface with technology,<ref name="Dalek (episode)">{{cite episode
| title = Dalek
| episodelink = Dalek (Doctor Who episode)
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink = Doctor Who
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Executive Producers ], ] and ]
| network = BBC
| station = ]
| city = Cardiff
| airdate = 30 April 2005
}}</ref> crush a man's skull by suction,<ref name="Dalek (episode)"/> measure the intelligence of a subject,<ref name=Manhattan>{{cite episode
| title = Daleks in Manhattan
| episodelink =
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink = Doctor Who
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Producer ]
| network = BBC
| station = ]
| city = Cardiff
| airdate = 21 April 2007
}}</ref> and extract information from a man's mind.<ref name=Doomsday>{{cite episode
| title = Doomsday
| episodelink =
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink = Doctor Who
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Executive Producers Russell T Davies and ]
| network = BBC
| station = BBC One
| city = Cardiff
| airdate = 8 August 2006
}}</ref> Dalek casings are made of a bonded ] material dubbed "dalekanium" by a member of the human resistance in '']'' and by the ] in "]".<ref name=Manhattan/><ref name=Invasion3>{{cite episode
| title = Day of Reckoning
| episodelink =
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink = Doctor Who
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Producer ]
| network = BBC
| station = BBC1
| city = London
| airdate = 5 December 1964
}}</ref>

The lower half of a Dalek's shell is covered with hemispherical protrusions, or "Dalek bumps," which are shown in the episode "]" to be spheres embedded in the casing.<ref name="Dalek (episode)"/> Both the BBC-licensed ''Dalek Book'' (1964) and ''The Doctor Who Technical Manual'' (1983) describe these items as being part of a sensory array,<ref>Harris (1983), p. 22</ref> whilst in the ] episode "Dalek", they are integral to a Dalek's ] mechanism.<ref name="Dalek (episode)"/> Their armour has a forcefield that evaporates most bullets and resists most types of energy weapons. The forcefield seems to be concentrated around the Dalek's midsection (where the mutant is located), as normally ineffective firepower can be concentrated on the eyestalk to blind a Dalek. Daleks have a very limited visual field, with no peripheral sight at all, and are relatively easy to hide from in fairly exposed places.<ref name=Parting>{{cite episode
| title = The Parting of the Ways
| episodelink =
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink = Doctor Who
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Executive Producers Russell T Davies, ] and ]
| network = BBC
| station = BBC One
| city = Cardiff
| airdate = 18 June 2005
}}</ref> Their own energy weapons are capable of destroying them.<ref name=Evolution/> Their weapons fire a beam that has electrical tendencies, is capable of propagating through water, and may be a form of ]. The eyepiece is a Dalek's most vulnerable spot; impairing its vision often leads to a blind, panicked firing of its weapon while exclaiming "My vision is impaired; I cannot see!" ] subverted the catchphrase in his 2008 episode "]", in which a Dalek vaporises a paintball that has blocked its vision while proclaiming "My vision is ''not'' impaired!".<ref name="cribbins">{{cite journal|last=Cook|first=Benjamin|author2=Cribbins, Bernard|date=25 July 2008|title=Bernard Cribbins: Stargazer: Wilfred Mott|journal=]|publisher=]|location=], Kent|issue=398|page=p. 33}}</ref><ref name="Stolen"/>

]".]]

The creature inside the mechanical casing is soft and repulsive in appearance and vicious in temperament. The first-ever glimpse of a Dalek mutant, in '']'', was a claw peeking out from under a Thal cloak after it had been removed from its casing.<ref name=B3>{{cite episode
| title = The Escape
| episodelink = The Daleks
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink = Doctor Who
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Producer ]
| network = BBC
| city = London
| airdate = 4 January 1964
}}</ref> The mutants' actual appearance has varied, but often adheres to the Doctor's description of the species in '']'' as "little green blobs in bonded polycarbide ]".<ref name=Remembrance3>{{cite episode
| title = Remembrance of the Daleks, Part Three
| episodelink = Remembrance of the Daleks
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink = Doctor Who
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Producer ]
| network = BBC
| station = BBC1
| city = London
| airdate = 19 October 1988
}}</ref> In '']'' a Dalek creature, separated from its casing, attacks and severely injures a human soldier;<ref name=Resurrection1>{{cite episode
| title = Resurrection of the Daleks, Part One
| episodelink = Resurrection of the Daleks
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink = Doctor Who
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Producer ]
| network = BBC
| station = BBC1
| city = London
| airdate = 8 February 1984
}}</ref> in ''Revelation of the Daleks'', there are two Dalek factions (Imperial and Renegade) and the creatures inside have a different appearance in each case, one resembling the amorphous creature from ''Resurrection'', the other the crab-like creature from the original Dalek serial. As the creature inside is rarely seen on screen, a common misconception exists that Daleks are wholly mechanical robots.<ref name="letter">{{cite news |title=Letters to the Editor – Inside a Dalek |work=The Times |location=UK |first=Terrance |last=Dicks |authorlink=Terrance Dicks |date=20 December 1974 |page=13}}</ref> In the ] Daleks are ]ned to be ]-like in appearance, with small tentacles, one or two eyes, and an exposed brain.<ref name="Dalek (episode)"/>

Daleks' voices are electronic, but the mutant is only able to squeak when out of its casing.<ref name=Resurrection1/> Once the mutant is removed, the casing itself can be entered and operated by humanoids; for example, in '']'', ] (]) enters a Dalek shell to masquerade as a guard as part of an escape plan.<ref name=B3/>

]".]]
For many years it was assumed that, due to their design and gliding motion, Daleks were unable to climb stairs, and that this was a simple way of escaping them. A well-known cartoon from '']'' pictured a group of Daleks at the foot of a flight of stairs with the caption, "Well, this certainly buggers our plan to conquer the Universe".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/news/obituary/21572725-ray-cusick-designer-daleks-died-february-21st-aged-84-ray-cusick|title=Ray Cusick, designer of the Daleks, died on February 21st, aged 84|work=]|date=2 March 2013|accessdate=21 November 2013}}</ref> In a scene from the serial '']'', the Doctor and ] escape from Dalek pursuers by climbing into a ceiling duct. The ] calls down, "If you're supposed to be the superior race of the universe, why don't you try climbing after us?"<ref name=Destiny2>{{cite episode
| title = Destiny of the Daleks, Episode Two
| episodelink = Destiny of the Daleks
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink = Doctor Who
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Producer ]
| network = BBC
| station = BBC1
| city = London
| airdate = 8 September 1979
}}</ref> The Daleks generally make up for their general lack of mobility with overwhelming firepower; a joke among ''Doctor Who'' fans goes, "Real Daleks don't climb stairs; they level the building."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://groups.google.com/group/alt.fan.warlord/browse_thread/thread/a4c1372fb5769f30/2aff27237eb980e9?lnk=st&q=%22Real+Daleks+don%27t+climb+stairs%22&rnum=75&hl=en#2aff27237eb980e9 |title=Federal Department of Transportation Bulletin #92–132 |accessdate=9 March 2010 |last=Dippold |first=Ron |date=6 February 1992 |format=] post |work=alt.fan.warlord |publisher=]}}</ref> Dalek mobility has improved over the history of the series: in their first appearance, ''The Daleks'', they were capable of movement only on the conductive metal floors of their city; in ''The Dalek Invasion of Earth'' a Dalek emerges from the waters of the ], indicating that they not only had become freely mobile, but are ];<ref name=Invasion1>{{cite episode
| title = World's End
| episodelink =
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink = Doctor Who
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Producer ]
| network = BBC
| station = BBC1
| city = London
| airdate = 21 November 1964
}}</ref> ''Planet of the Daleks'' showed that they could ascend a vertical shaft by means of an external ] mat placed on the floor, ''Revelation of the Daleks'' showed Davros in his life-support chair and one of his Daleks hovering and ''Remembrance of the Daleks'' depicted them as capable of hovering up a flight of stairs.<ref name=Remembrance1>{{cite episode
| title = Remembrance of the Daleks, Part One
| episodelink =
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink =
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Producer ]
| network = BBC
| station = BBC1
| city = London
| airdate = 5 October 1988
}}</ref> Despite this, journalists covering the series frequently refer to the Daleks' supposed inability to climb stairs; characters escaping up a flight of stairs in the 2005 episode "Dalek" made the same joke, and were shocked when the Dalek began to hover up the stairs after uttering the phrase "ELEVATE", in a similar manner to their normal phrase "EXTERMINATE."<ref name="Dalek (episode)"/> The new series depicts the Daleks as fully capable of flight, even space flight.<ref name=Parting/>

===Prop details===
The non-humanoid shape of the Dalek did much to enhance the creatures' sense of menace{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}. A lack of familiar reference points differentiated them from the traditional "]" of science fiction, which ''Doctor Who'' creator ] had wanted the show to avoid.<ref>Howe (1992), pp. 3, 26–27</ref> The unsettling Dalek form, coupled with their alien voices, made many believe that the props were wholly mechanical and operated by remote control.<ref name="dalek companion">Howe (2004), p. 31</ref>

The Daleks were actually controlled from inside by short operators<ref name="Monsters-82">Howe (1997), p. 82</ref> who had to manipulate their eyestalks, domes, and arms, as well as flashing the lights on their heads in sync with the actors supplying their voices. The Dalek cases were built in two pieces; an operator would step into the lower section, and then the top would be secured. The operators looked out between the cylindrical louvres just beneath the dome, which were lined with mesh to conceal their faces.<ref name="Monsters-82"/>

In addition to being hot and cramped the Dalek casings also muffled external sounds, making it difficult for operators to hear the director's commands or studio dialogue. ], a Dalek operator from the original series, said that Dalek operation was a challenge: "You had to have about six hands: one to do the eyestalk, one to do the lights, one for the gun, another for the smoke canister underneath, yet another for the sink plunger. If you were related to an octopus then it helped."<ref name="Monsters_85">Howe (1997), p. 85</ref>

For ''Doctor Who'''s 21st-century revival the Dalek casings retain the same overall shape and dimensional proportions of previous Daleks, although many details have been re-designed to give the Dalek a heavier and more solid look.<ref name="Tucker">{{cite journal |last=Arnopp |first=Jason |date=July 2005 |title=Tucker's Luck |journal=] Special Edition |publisher=] |location=], Kent |issue=11 |pages=pp. 62–70}}</ref> Changes include a larger, more pointed base; a glowing eyepiece; an all-over metallic-brass finish (specified by Davies); thicker, nailed strips on the "neck" section; a housing for the eyestalk pivot; and significantly larger dome lights.<ref name="Tucker"/> The new prop made its on-screen debut in the 2005 episode "Dalek".<ref name="Tucker"/> These Dalek casings use a short operator inside the housing while the 'head' and eyestalk are operated via remote control. A third person, ], supplies the voice in their various appearances.<ref name="Briggs">{{cite journal |last=Briggs |first=Nicholas |authorlink=Nicholas Briggs |date=25 May 2005 |title=Diary of a Dalek |journal=] |publisher=] |location=], Kent |issue=356 |pages=pp. 23–27}}</ref> In the 2010 season a new, larger model appeared in several colours representing different parts of the Dalek command hierarchy.

====Movement====
Terry Nation's original plan was for the Daleks to glide across the floor. Early versions of the Daleks rolled on nylon castors, propelled by the operator's feet. Although castors were adequate for the Daleks' debut serial, which was shot entirely at the BBC's ], for ''The Dalek Invasion of Earth'' Terry Nation wanted the Daleks to be filmed on the streets of London. To enable the Daleks to travel smoothly on location, designer Spencer Chapman built the new Dalek shells around miniature ]s with sturdier wheels, which were hidden by enlarged fenders fitted below the original base.<ref>Howe (1997), pp. 84–85</ref> The uneven flagstones of Central London caused the Daleks to rattle as they moved and it was not possible to remove this noise from the final soundtrack. A small parabolic dish was added to the rear of the prop's casing to explain why these Daleks, unlike the ones in their first serial, were not dependent on ] drawn up from the floors of the Dalek city for their motive power.<ref name="Monsters_85"/>

Later versions of the prop had more efficient wheels and were once again simply propelled by the seated operators' feet, but they remained so heavy that when going up ramps they often had to be pushed by stagehands out of camera shot. The difficulty of operating all the prop's parts at once contributed to the occasionally jerky Dalek movements.<ref name="Monsters_85"/> This problem has largely been eradicated with the advent of the "new series" version, as its remotely controlled dome and eyestalk allow the operator to concentrate on the smooth movement of the Dalek and its arms.<ref>Russell (2006), p. 163</ref>

====Voices====
The ] delivery, harsh tone, and rising inflection of the Dalek voice were initially developed by voice actors ] and ], who would vary the pitch and speed of the lines according to the emotion needed. Their voices were further processed electronically by Brian Hodgson at the ]. Although the exact sound-processing devices used have varied, the original 1963 effect used equalisation to boost the mid-range of the actor's voice, then subjected it to ] with a 30&nbsp;Hz ]. The distinctive harsh grating vocal timbre this produced has remained the pattern for all Dalek voices since (with the exception of those in the 1985 serial '']'', for which director ] deliberately used less distortion).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2004/07/08/12725.shtml |title=BBC – Doctor Who – Dalek Empire III |date=8 July 2004 |accessdate=9 March 2010 |publisher=BBC News |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20090110052452/http://www.bbc.co.uk:80/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2004/07/08/12725.shtml |archivedate=10 January 2009 }}</ref>

Besides Hawkins and Graham, notable voice actors for the Daleks have included ], who first voiced the Daleks in the 1967 story '']'' and went on to provide voices for five additional Dalek serials including '']'',<ref name=Planet>''].'' Writer ], Director ], Producer ]. ''Doctor Who''. BBC1, London. 7 April–12 May 1973.</ref> and for the one-off anniversary special '']''. ], the actor who originated the role of Dalek creator Davros in '']'', provided Dalek voices for that same story, as well as for '']'', '']'', and '']''. Other Dalek voice actors include ] (three stories),<ref name=Revelation/><ref name=Remembrance/><ref name=Resurrection/> ] (two stories),<ref name=Remembrance/><ref name=Resurrection/> and Oliver Gilbert and Peter Messaline (one story).<ref name=Day>''].'' Writer ], Director ], Producer Barry Letts. ''Doctor Who''. BBC1, London. 1–22 January 1972.</ref> ], who performed the voice of ] in several ''Doctor Who'' stories, and Davros actors ] and ] also contributed supporting voices for various Dalek serials.<ref name=Remembrance/><ref name=Destiny/>

Since 2005, the Dalek voice in the television series has been provided by ], speaking into a microphone connected to a voice modulator.<ref name="Briggs"/><ref name="dalek confidential">{{cite episode
| title = Dalek
| series = Doctor Who Confidential
| serieslink =
| credits = Seaborne, Gilliane (director)
| network = ]
| station =
| city =
| airdate = 30 April 2005
}}</ref> Briggs had previously provided Dalek and other alien voices for ] ]. In a 2006 BBC Radio interview, Briggs said that when the BBC asked him to do the voice for the new television series, they instructed him to bring his own analogue ring modulator that he had used in the audio plays. The BBC's sound department had changed to a digital platform and could not adequately create the distinctive Dalek sound with their modern equipment. Briggs went as far as to bring the voice modulator to the actors' readings of the scripts.<ref name="Briggs"/><ref name="dalek confidential"/>

====Construction====
Manufacturing the props was expensive. In scenes where many Daleks had to appear, some of them would be represented by wooden replicas ('']'')<ref name=Destiny>''].'' Writer ], Director ], Producer ]. ''Doctor Who''. BBC1, London. 1–22 September 1979.</ref> or life-size photographic enlargements in the early ] episodes ('']'', '']'',<ref name=Invasion3/><ref name=Invasion2>{{cite episode
| title = The Daleks
| episodelink = The Dalek Invasion of Earth
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink = Doctor Who
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Producer ]
| network = BBC
| station = BBC1
| city = London
| airdate = 28 November 1964
}}</ref> and '']'').<ref name=Power4>{{cite episode
| title = The Power of the Daleks, Episode Four
| episodelink = The Power of the Daleks
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink = Doctor Who
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Producer ]
| network = BBC
| station = BBC1
| city = London
| airdate = 26 November 1966
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/photonovels/power/four/61.shtml |title=BBC – Doctor Who – Photonovels Power of the Daleks – Episode Four |accessdate=9 March 2010 |publisher=BBC News }}</ref> In stories involving armies of Daleks, the BBC effects team even turned to using commercially available toy Daleks, manufactured by ] and Herts Plastic Moulders Ltd. Examples of this can be observed in the serials ''The Power of the Daleks'', ''The Evil of the Daleks'', and ''Planet of the Daleks''.<ref name=Planet6>{{cite episode
| title = Planet of the Daleks, Episode Six
| episodelink = Planet of the Daleks
| series = Doctor Who
| serieslink =
| credits = Writer ], Director ], Producer ]
| network = BBC
| station = BBC1
| city = London
| airdate = 12 March 1973
}}</ref> Judicious editing techniques also gave the impression that there were more Daleks than were actually available, and continue to be used to the present day, such as using ] in "The Parting of the Ways".<ref name=Parting/>

Four fully functioning props were commissioned for the first serial "The Daleks" in 1963, and were constructed from BBC plans by Shawcraft Engineering.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shannonsullivan.com/drwho/serials/b.html |title=The Daleks |accessdate=9 March 2010 |last=Sullivan |first=Shannon Patrick |date=24 July 2006 |work=A Brief History of Time (Travel)}}</ref> These became known in fan circles as ]. Shawcraft were also commissioned to construct approximately 20 Daleks for the two Dalek movies in 1965 and 1966 (see ]). Some of these movie props filtered back to the BBC and were seen in the televised serials, notably ''The Chase'', which was aired before the first movie's debut.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shannonsullivan.com/drwho/serials/r.html |title=The Chase |accessdate=9 March 2010 |last=Sullivan |first=Shannon Patrick |date=14 January 2010 |work=A Brief History of Time (Travel)}}</ref> The remaining props not bought by the BBC were either donated to charity or given away as prizes in competitions.<ref>Howe (1992), pp. 132, 137</ref>

The BBC's own Dalek props were reused many times, with components of the original Shawcraft "Mk I Daleks" surviving right through to their final classic series appearance in 1988.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dalek6388.co.uk/remembrance-of-the-daleks.htm |title=Dalek 6388 Remembrance |work=Dalek 6388 – A Dalek Prop History – Remembrance of the Daleks |accessdate=9 March 2010}}</ref> But years of storage and repainting took their toll. By the time of the ]'s ''Revelation of the Daleks'' new props were being manufactured out of ]. These models were lighter and more affordable to construct than their predecessors.<ref name="Monsters_92">Howe (1997), p. 92</ref> These newer models were slightly bulkier in appearance around the mid-shoulder section, and also had a redesigned skirt section which was more vertical at the back. Other minor changes were made to the design due to these new construction methods, including altering the fender and incorporating the arm boxes, collars, and slats into a single fibreglass moulding.<ref name="Monsters_92"/> These props were repainted in grey for the ] serial ''Remembrance of the Daleks'' and designated as "]"; another redesign, painted in cream and gold, became the "]" faction.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shannonsullivan.com/drwho/serials/7h.html |title=Remembrance of the Daleks |accessdate=9 March 2010 |last=Sullivan |first=Shannon Patrick |work=A Brief History of Time (Travel)}}</ref>

New Dalek props were built for the 21st century version of ''Doctor Who''. The first, which appeared alone in the 2005 episode "]", was built by modelmaker ].<ref name="Tucker"/> Additional Dalek props based on Tucker's master were subsequently built out of fibreglass by ]-based Specialist Models.<ref name="Specialist">{{cite web|url=http://www.specialistmodels.co.uk/services/film_and_tv/bbc_wales_dr_who_daleks_fibreglass_props |title=BBC Wales Dr Who Daleks Fibreglass Props |date=21 March 2010 |publisher=Specialist Models & Displays |accessdate=23 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20110904183235/http://www.specialistmodels.co.uk/services/film_and_tv/BBC_Wales_Dr_Who_Daleks_Fibreglass_Props |archivedate=4 September 2011 }}</ref>

==Development==
Wishing to create an alien creature that did not look like a "man in a suit", Terry Nation stated in his script for the first Dalek serial that they should have no legs.<ref name=";Monsters-80">Howe (1997), p. 80</ref> He was also inspired by a performance by the ], in which dancers in long skirts appeared to glide across the stage.<ref name=";Monsters-80"/> For many of the shows, the Daleks were operated by retired ballet dancers wearing black socks while sitting inside the Dalek.<ref name="dalek companion"/> Raymond Cusick (who died on 21 Feb 2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21563344 |title=BBC News – Doctor Who Dalek designer Ray Cusick dies after illness |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2013-02-24 |accessdate=2013-05-30}}</ref> was given the task of designing the Daleks when ], then a designer for the BBC, proved unavailable after having been initially assigned to their debut serial.<ref name="scott">Howe (1994), p. 61</ref> An account in Jeremy Bentham's ''Doctor Who—The Early Years'' (1986) says that after Nation wrote the script, Cusick was given only an hour to come up with the design for the Daleks, and was inspired in his initial sketches by a pepper shaker on a table.<ref name="bentham">{{cite book |last=Bentham |first=Jeremy |title=Doctor Who—The Early Years |date=May 1986 |publisher=W.H. Allen |location=England |isbn=0-491-03612-4}}</ref> Cusick himself, however, states that he based it on a man seated in a chair, and only used the pepper shaker to demonstrate how it might move.<ref>Walker (2006), p. 61</ref> <!--Cusick is generally given sole credit for the design of the Dalek,<ref>e.g. Nation (1979), p. 42, Howe (1992), p. 124, Peel (1988) pp. 18–20)</ref> but Jeremy Rewse-Davies is occasionally described as the Daleks' co-designer.<ref name="rewsedavies">{{cite news |title=No more transports of delight |first=Jonathan |last=Glancey |authorlink=Jonathan Glancey |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/no-more-transports-of-delight-1584494.html |newspaper=] |location=London |date=1 June 1995 |accessdate=28 January 2010}}</ref>-->

In 1964 Nation told a '']'' reporter that the Dalek name came from a dictionary or encyclopaedia volume, the spine of which read "Dal – Lek" (or, according to another version, "Dal – Eks").<ref name="Peel2122">Peel (1988), pp. 21–22</ref> He later admitted that this book and the origin of the Dalek name was completely fictitious, and that anyone bothering to check out his story would have found him out.<ref name="Peel2122"/> The name had in reality simply rolled off his typewriter.<ref name="companion 13">Howe (1998), p. 13</ref> Later, Nation was pleasantly surprised to discover that in ] the word "dalek" means "far", or "distant".<ref name="30 years">Davies, Kevin (director) (1993). ''More than 30 Years in the TARDIS'' London, UK: BBC Video.</ref>

Nation grew up during World War II, and remembered the fear caused by German bombings. He consciously based the Daleks on the ], conceiving the species as faceless, authoritarian figures dedicated to conquest and complete conformity.<ref>Howe (1992), p. 31</ref> The allusion is most obvious in the Dalek stories penned by Nation, in particular ''The Dalek Invasion of Earth'' (1964) and '']'' (1975).<ref>Miles (2006), pp. 105–109</ref><ref>Howe (1998), p. 280</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/genesisofdaleks/detail.shtml |title=Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide – Genesis of the Daleks – Details |accessdate=20 March 2010 |last=Howe |first=David J. |authorlink=David J. Howe|author2=] |origyear=1998|year=2003 |work=official ''Doctor Who'' website |publisher=BBC }}</ref>

Prior to writing the first Dalek serial, Nation was chief scriptwriter for comedian ]. The two had a falling out, and Nation either resigned or was fired.<ref name=";Monsters-80"/><ref name="Peel2122"/><ref>Miles (2006), p. 40</ref> When Hancock left the BBC, he worked on several series proposals, one of which was called ''From Plip to Plop'', a comedic history of the world which would have ended with a nuclear apocalypse, the survivors being reduced to living in dustbin-like robot casings and eating radiation to stay alive. According to biographer Cliff Goodwin, when Hancock saw the Daleks, he allegedly shouted at the screen, "That bloody Nation—he's stolen my robots!"<ref name="hancock">{{cite book |last=Goodwin |first=Cliff |title=When the Wind Changed: The Life and Death of Tony Hancock |date=Nov 2000 |publisher=Arrow |location=England |isbn=0-09-960941-X}}</ref>

The naming of early ''Doctor Who'' stories is complex and sometimes controversial.<ref name="pixley">{{cite web |url=http://homepages.bw.edu/~jcurtis/Pixley_3.htm |title=By Any Other Name |accessdate=20 March 2010 |last=Pixley |first=Andrew |date=15 January 2001 |work=Earthbound Timelords}}</ref><ref>Howe (1998), unpaginated "Authors' Note"<br/>{{cite book |title=Doctor Who—The Legend: 40 Years of Time Travel |last=Richards |first=Justin |authorlink=Justin Richards |year=2003 |publisher=] |location=London |isbn=0-563-48602-3 |page=19}}</ref> The first Dalek serial is called, variously, ''The Survivors'' (the pre-production title), ''The Mutants'' (its official title at the time of production and broadcast, later taken by ]), ''Beyond the Sun'' (used on some production documentation), ''The Dead Planet'' (the on-screen title of the serial's first episode), or simply '']''.<ref name="pixley"/>

The instant appeal of the Daleks caught the BBC off guard,<ref name="Peel2122"/> and transformed ''Doctor Who'' from a Saturday tea-time children's educational programme to a must-watch national phenomenon. Children were alternately frightened and fascinated by the alien look of the monsters, and the ''Doctor Who'' production office was inundated by letters and calls asking about the creatures. Newspaper articles focused attention on the series and the Daleks, further enhancing their popularity.<ref name="dalek companion"/>

Nation jointly owned the intellectual property rights to the Daleks with the BBC, and the money-making concept proved nearly impossible to sell to anyone else; he was dependent on the BBC wanting to produce stories featuring the creatures.<ref name="dioe notes">On-screen production notes, ''The Dalek Invasion of Earth'' London, UK: BBC Video, 2003.</ref> Several attempts to market the Daleks outside of the series were unsuccessful.<ref>Peel (1988), p. 56</ref><ref>Howe (1997), p. 86</ref> Since Nation's death in 1997, his share of the rights is now administered by his former agent, Tim Hancock.<ref name="daleksback">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3535588.stm|title=Daleks back to fight Doctor Who|publisher=BBC News |date=4 August 2004|accessdate=20 March 2010}}</ref>

Early plans for what eventually became the ] included radically redesigned Daleks whose cases unfolded like spiders' legs.<ref>Segal (2000), pp. 48–53</ref> The concept for these "]s" was abandoned, but picked up again in several ].<ref name="spider">{{Cite comic
| writer = ]
| penciller = ]
| inker = ]
| story = Fire and Brimstone
| title = Doctor Who: Endgame
| date = 2005
| publisher=]
| location = ], Kent
| pages = 52–89, 214
| id = ISBN 1-905239-09-2
}}<br/>{{cite book |title=Doctor Who: War of the Daleks |last=Peel |first=John |authorlink=John Peel (writer) |year=1997 |publisher=BBC Books |location=London |isbn=0-563-40573-2}}</ref>

When the new series was announced, many fans hoped the Daleks would return once more to the programme.<ref name="scifi.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.scifi.com/sfw/issue337/letters.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20031014114937/http://www.scifi.com/sfw/issue337/letters.html |archivedate=14 October 2003 |title=Science Fiction Weekly – Letters to the Editor |author=Michael Anthony Basil |date=6 October 2003 |accessdate=6 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Put scary Daleks back in Dr Who! |url=http://archive.thisishampshire.net/2004/7/3/27117.html |work=thisishampshire.net |publisher=] |accessdate=20 March 2010 }}</ref> The Nation estate however demanded levels of creative control over the Daleks' appearances and scripts that were unacceptable to the BBC.<ref name="nodaleks">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3859651.stm | title= No Daleks in Doctor Who's return |publisher=BBC News | date=2 July 2004 | accessdate=20 March 2010}}</ref> Eventually the Daleks were cleared to appear in the first series.<ref name="daleksback"/><ref name="yesdaleks">{{cite news |title=Dalek terror returns to Doctor Who |author=Bishop, Tom |publisher=BBC News |date=24 April 2005 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4469761.stm |accessdate=20 March 2010 }}</ref>

==Fictional history==
{{Main|History of the Daleks}}

Dalek in-universe history has seen many ], which have caused ] problems.<ref>Peel (1988), p. 78</ref> When the Daleks first appeared in ''The Daleks'', they were presented as the descendants of the Dals, mutated after a brief nuclear war between the Dal and ] races 500 years ago. This race of Daleks is destroyed when their power supply is wrecked.<ref name=B>''].'' Writer ], Director ], Producer ]. ''Doctor Who''. ], London. 21 December 1963 – 1 February 1964.</ref> However, they reappear in '']'', where they have conquered Earth in the 22nd century. Later stories saw them develop time travel and a space empire. In 1975, Terry Nation revised the Daleks' origins in ''Genesis of the Daleks'', where the Dals were now called ]s (of which "Daleks" is an ]), and the Dalek design was attributed to one man, the crippled Kaled chief scientist and evil genius, Davros.<ref name=Genesis>''].'' Writer ], Director ], Producer ]. ''Doctor Who''. BBC1, London. 8 March–12 April 1975.</ref> Instead of a short nuclear exchange, the Kaled-Thal war was portrayed as a thousand-year-long war of ], fought with ], ] and ]s which caused widespread mutations among the Kaled race. Davros experimented on living Kaled cells to find the ultimate mutated form of the Kaled species and placed the subjects in ]-like "travel machines" whose design was based on his own life-support chair.<ref name="Genesis"/>

''Genesis of the Daleks'' marked a new era for the depiction of the species, with most of their previous history either forgotten or barely referred to again.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/dalekhistory2.shtml |title=The second history of the Daleks |accessdate=20 March 2010 |last1=Cornell |first1=Paul |authorlink1=Paul Cornell |first2=Martin |last2=Day |authorlink2=Martin Day |first3=Keith |last3=Topping |authorlink3=Keith Topping |year=1995 |work=Official Doctor Who website |publisher=BBC }}</ref> Future stories in the original ''Doctor Who'' series, which followed a rough ],<ref>Parkin (2006), p. 237</ref> would also focus more on Davros, much to the dissatisfaction of some fans who felt that the Daleks should take centre stage rather than merely becoming minions of their creator.<ref>{{cite book |authorlink1=David J. Howe |last1=Howe |first1=David J |first2=Stephen James |last2=Walker |authorlink2=Stephen James Walker | year = 1998 | title = Doctor Who: The Television Companion | edition = 1st | page = 455 | location = London | publisher=BBC Books | isbn = 1-903889-51-0 }}</ref> Davros made his last televised appearance for 20 years in ''Remembrance of the Daleks'', which depicted a civil war between two factions of Daleks. One faction, the "Imperial Daleks", were loyal to Davros, who had become their Emperor, whilst the other, the "Renegade Daleks", followed a black Supreme Dalek. By the end of the story, both factions have been wiped out and the Doctor has tricked them into destroying Skaro, though Davros escapes.<ref name=Remembrance/>

A single Dalek appeared in "]", written by ], which was broadcast on BBC One on 30 April 2005. This Dalek appeared to be the sole Dalek survivor of the ] which had destroyed both the Daleks and the Time Lords.<ref name="Dalek (episode)"/> A ] returned at the end of the 2005 series, having rebuilt the Dalek race with genetic material harvested from human subjects. It saw itself as a god, and the new Daleks were shown worshipping it. These Daleks and their fleet were destroyed in "]".<ref name=Parting/> The 2006 season finale "]"/"]" featured a squad of four Dalek survivors from the old Empire, known as the ], led by a black Dalek known as "]", that had survived the Time War by escaping into the ] between dimensions. They emerged, along with the Genesis Ark, a Time Lord prison vessel containing millions of Daleks, at Canary Wharf due to the actions of the ] and ]. This resulted in a Cyberman-Dalek clash in London, which was resolved when the ] caused both groups to be sucked back into the Void. The Cult survived by utilising an "emergency temporal shift" to escape.<ref name=Doomsday/><ref name="army">{{cite episode | title = ] | series = Doctor Who | credits = Writer ], Director Graeme Harper, Producer ] | network = BBC | station = BBC One | city = Cardiff | airdate = 1 July 2006}}</ref>

These four Daleks - Sec, Jast, Thay and Caan - returned in the two-part story "]"/"]", in which whilst stranded in 1930s New York, they set up a base in the partially built ] and attempt to rebuild the Dalek race. To this end, Dalek Sec merges with a human being to become a Human/Dalek hybrid. The Cult then set about creating "Human Daleks" by "formatting" the brains of a few thousand captured humans, with the intention of producing hybrids which remain fully human in appearance but with Dalek minds.<ref name=Evolution>{{cite episode | title = Evolution of the Daleks | episodelink = Evolution of the Daleks | series = Doctor Who | serieslink = Doctor Who | credits = Writer ], Director ], Producer ] | network = BBC | station = BBC1 | city = Cardiff | airdate = 28 April 2007}}</ref> Dalek Sec, however, starts to become so human that he changes the DNA to make the hybrids more human. This angers the rest of the Cult, resulting in mutiny and the death of Sec, Thay and Jast as well as the wiping out of all the hybrids. This leaves Dalek Caan as the last Dalek in existence. When the Doctor makes Caan realise that he is the last of his kind, Caan uses emergency temporal shift and escapes once more.<ref name=Evolution/>

The Daleks returned in the 2008 season's two-part finale, "]"/"]", accompanied once again by their creator Davros. The story reveals that Caan's temporal shift sent him into the Time War whence he rescued Davros, in the process gaining the ability to see the future at the cost of his own sanity. Davros has created a new race using his own body's cells. The episode depicts a Dalek invasion of Earth, which with other planets is taken to the Medusa Cascade, led by a red Supreme Dalek, who has kept Caan and Davros imprisoned in "The Vault", a section of the Dalek flagship, the ''Crucible''. Davros and the Daleks plan to destroy reality itself with a "reality bomb" for which they need the stolen planets. The plan fails due to the interference of ], a companion of the Doctor, and Caan himself, who has been manipulating events to destroy the Daleks after realising the severity of the atrocities they have committed.<ref name=Stolen>{{cite episode | title = ] | series = Doctor Who | credits = Writer ], Director Graeme Harper, Producer ] | network = BBC | station = BBC One | city = ] | airdate = 28 June 2008}}</ref><ref name=Journey>{{cite episode | title = ] | series = Doctor Who | credits = Writer ], Director Graeme Harper, Producer ] | network = BBC | station = BBC One | city = ] | airdate = 5 July 2008}}</ref> The Daleks returned in the 2010 episode "]", the third episode of the series; Daleks who escaped the destruction of Davros' empire fell back in time and, by chance, managed to retrieve the "Progenitor".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://static.bbc.co.uk/images/ic/qe/crop/946x532/doctorwho/episodes/d11/s01/e03/art/d11s01e03_dalek_art_14.jpg |work=BBC | title=BBC concept artwork for Dalek Progenator | last=McKinstry | first=Peter}}</ref> This is a tiny apparatus which contains 'original' Dalek DNA. The activation of the Progenitor results in the creation of a "new paradigm" of Daleks. The ] deem their creators inferior and exterminate them; their creators make no resistance to this, deeming themselves inferior as well. They are organised into different roles (drone, scientist, strategists, supreme and eternal), which are identifiable with colour-coded armour instead of the identification plates under the eyestalk used by their predecessors. They escape the Doctor at the end of the episode via time travel with the intent to rebuild their Empire.<ref>{{cite journal |date=3 March 2010 |title=The Eleventh Doctor is coming! |journal=] |issue=418 |page=5 |publisher=] |location=], Kent |issn=0957-9818}}</ref>

The Daleks only appeared briefly in subsequent finales "]"/"]" (2010) as Steven Moffat decided to "give them a rest" and stated "There's a problem with the Daleks. They are the most famous of the Doctor's adversaries and the most frequent, which means they are the most reliably defeatable enemies in the universe."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-13594932 | work=BBC News | title=Doctor Who writer Steven Moffat to 'rest' Daleks | date=30 May 2011}}</ref> They next appear in "]" (2012), where the Daleks are shown to have greatly increased numbers and have a Parliament; in addition to the traditional "modern" Daleks, several designs from both the original and new series appear. All record of the Doctor is removed from their collective consciousness at the end of the episode. The Daleks then appear in the 50th Anniversary special "]", where they are seen being defeated in the ]. In "]", the Daleks are one of the races that travel to Trenzalore and besiege it for centuries to stop the Doctor from releasing the Time Lords. Due to converting Tasha Lem into a Dalek puppet, they regain knowledge of the Doctor. In the end, they are the only enemy left, the others having retreated or been destroyed and nearly kill the near-death Doctor before the Time Lords intervene and grant him a new regeneration cycle. The Doctor then uses his regeneration energy to obliterate the Daleks on the planet.

The ]'s first encounter with the Daleks is in his second full episode, "]". A beleaguered ship of the "Combined Galactic Resistance" has discovered a broken Dalek that has turned "good", desiring to kill all other Daleks. The Doctor, ] and a team of soldiers are miniaturized and enter the Dalek, which the Doctor names Rusty. They repair the damage, but accidentally restores to its original nature, causing it to go on the rampage and alert the Dalek fleet to the whereabouts of the rebel ship. However, the Doctor manages to return Rusty to its previous state by linking his mind with the Dalek's: Rusty shares the Doctor's view of the universe's beauty, but also his deep hatred of the Daleks. Rusty destroys the other Daleks and departs the ship, determined to track down and bring an end to the Dalek race.

==Dalek culture==
Daleks have little, if any, individual personality,<ref name=Doomsday/> ostensibly no emotions other than hatred and anger,<ref name="Dalek (episode)"/> and a strict command structure in which they are conditioned to obey superiors' orders without question.<ref name=Evil>''].'' Writer ], Director Derek Martinus, Producer ]. ''Doctor Who''. BBC1, London. 20 May–1 July 1967.</ref> Dalek speech is characterised by repeated phrases, and by orders given to themselves and to others.<ref>Peel (1988), p. 4</ref> Unlike the stereotypical emotionless robots often found in science fiction, Daleks are often angry; author ] has described the Daleks as behaving "like toddlers in perpetual hissy fits", gloating when in power and flying into rage when thwarted.<ref>Newman, p. 33</ref> They tend to be excitable and will repeat the same word or phrase over and over again in heightened emotional states, most famously "Exterminate! Exterminate!"

In terms of their behaviour, Daleks are extremely aggressive, and seem driven by an instinct to attack. This instinct is so strong that Daleks have been depicted fighting the urge to kill<ref name=Evolution/><ref name=Resurrection/> or even attacking when unarmed.<ref name="Dalek (episode)"/><ref name=Death>''].'' Writer ], Director ], Producer ]. ''Doctor Who''. BBC1, London. 23 February–16 March 1974.</ref> The ] characterises this impulse by saying, "However you respond is seen as an act of provocation."<ref name=Resurrection/> The fundamental feature of Dalek culture and psychology is an unquestioned belief in the superiority of the Dalek race,<ref name=Evil/> and their default directive is to destroy all non-Dalek life-forms.<ref name="Dalek (episode)"/> Other species are either to be exterminated immediately or enslaved and then exterminated once they are no longer useful.<ref name=Resurrection>''].'' Writer ], Director ], Producer ]. ''Doctor Who''. BBC1, London. 8–15 February 1984.</ref>

The Dalek obsession with their own superiority is illustrated by the schism between the Renegade and Imperial Daleks seen in ''Revelation of the Daleks'' and ''Remembrance of the Daleks'': the two factions each consider the other to be a perversion despite the relatively minor differences between them.<ref name=Remembrance>''].'' Writer ], Director ], Producer ]. ''Doctor Who''. BBC1, London. 5–26 October 1988.</ref> This intolerance of any "contamination" within themselves is also shown in "Dalek,"<ref name="Dalek (episode)"/> ''The Evil of the Daleks''<ref name=Evil/> and in the ] ] '']''.<ref name=Mutant>'']''. Writer and Director ]. Producers ] and ]. ], 2000.</ref> This superiority complex is the basis of the Daleks' ruthlessness and lack of compassion.<ref name="Dalek (episode)"/><ref name=Evil/> This is shown in extreme in "]," where the new, pure Daleks destroy their creators, impure Daleks, with the latters' consent. It is nearly impossible to negotiate or reason with a Dalek, a single-mindedness that makes them dangerous and not to be underestimated.<ref name="Dalek (episode)"/> The ] (]) is later puzzled in the "Asylum of the Daleks" as to why the Daleks don't just kill the sequestered ones that have "gone wrong." Although The Asylum is subsequently obliterated, the Prime Minister of the Daleks explains that "it is offensive to us to destroy such divine hatred," and the Doctor is sickened at the revelation that hatred is actually considered beautiful by the Daleks.

Dalek society is depicted as one of extreme scientific and technological advancement; the Third Doctor states that "it was their inventive genius that made them one of the greatest powers in the universe."<ref name=Death/> However, their reliance on logic and machinery is also a strategic weakness which they recognise,<ref name=Remembrance/><ref name=Destiny/> and thus use more emotion-driven species as agents to compensate for these shortcomings.<ref name=Remembrance/><ref name=Resurrection/><ref name=Evil/>

Although the Daleks are not known for their regard for ], they have taken at least two enemies back to Skaro for a "trial", rather than killing them immediately. The first was their creator, Davros, in ''Revelation of the Daleks'',<ref name=Revelation>''].'' Writer ], Director ], Producer ]. ''Doctor Who''. BBC1, London. 23–30 March 1985.</ref> and the second was the renegade ] known as ] in the 1996 television movie.<ref name=TVM>'']''. Writer ], Director ], Executive Producer ]. 1996. DVD. ], 2001.</ref> The reasons for the Master's trial, and why the Doctor would be asked to retrieve the Master's remains, have never been explained on screen. The ''Doctor Who Annual 2006'' implies that the trial may have been due to a treaty signed between the Time Lords and the Daleks.<ref>] "Meet the Doctor." ''Doctor Who Annual 2006''. Ed. ]. ]: ], 2005. pp. 20–21.</ref> The framing device for the '']'' audio plays is a Dalek trial to determine if Davros should be the Daleks' leader once more.<ref>'']''. Writer Gary Hopkins, Director ]. Producers ] and ]. ], 2006.</ref>

Spin-off novels contain several ] mentions of Dalek poetry, and an anecdote about an opera based upon it, which was lost to posterity when the entire cast was exterminated on the opening night. Two stanzas are given in the novel '']'' by Ben Aaronovitch.<ref>{{cite book |last=Aaronovitch |first=Ben |authorlink=Ben Aaronovitch| year=1995 |title=]| location=London |publisher=Virgin Books |isbn=0-426-20456-5| page=199}}</ref> In an ] portrayed in ] audio adventure '']'', the Daleks show a fondness for the works of ].<ref>'']''. Writer ], Director ], Producers ] and ]. ], 2002.</ref> A similar idea was satirised by comedian ] in the BBC comedy quiz programme '']''; he gave the fictional Dalek poem "Daffodils; EXTERMINATE DAFFODILS!" as an "unlikely line to hear in ''Doctor Who''".<ref>'']''. 7 July 2007. Season 5, episode 3.</ref>

Because the Doctor has defeated the Daleks so often, he has become their collective ] and they have standing orders to capture or exterminate him on sight. In later fiction, the Daleks know the Doctor as ''"Ka Faraq Gatri"'' ("Bringer of Darkness" or "Destroyer of Worlds"), and "The Oncoming Storm".<ref name=Parting/><ref name="Journey"/> Both the ] (]) and ] (]) suggest that the Doctor is one of the few beings the Daleks fear. In "]", Rose notes that while the Daleks see the extermination of five million ] as "pest control", "one Doctor" visibly un-nerves them (to the point they physically recoil).<ref name="Doomsday"/> To his indignant surprise, in "Asylum of the Daleks", the ] (]) learns that the Daleks have designated him as "The Predator."
As The Doctor escapes The Asylum (with companions Amy and Rory), a Dalek-converted-human (Oswin Oswald) prisoner provides critical assistance, which culminates in completely deleting The Doctor from the Dalek hive-consciousness (the PathWeb), thus wiping the slate entirely blank. However, this was reversed in "]", when the Daleks regained knowledge of the Doctor through the memory of an old acquaintance of the Doctor, Tasha Lem.

=== Measurements ===
A ''rel'' is a Dalek and Kaled unit of measurement. It was usually a measurement of ], with a duration of slightly more than one second, as mentioned in "]", "]" and "]", counting down to the ignition of the reality bomb. (One earth minute most likely equals about 50 ''rels''.) However, in some comic books it was also used as a unit of ]. Finally, in some cases it was used as a unit of hydroelectric energy (not to be confused with a vep, the unit used to measure artificial sunlight).

The ''rel'' was first used in the non-canonical feature film ], soon after appearing in early Doctor Who comic books.

==Licensed appearances==
]
Two ''Doctor Who'' movies starring ] featured the Daleks as the main villains: '']'', and '']'', based on the television serials ''The Daleks'' and ''The Dalek Invasion of Earth'', respectively. The movies were not direct remakes; for example, the Doctor in the Cushing films was a human inventor called "Dr. Who" he built a time-travelling device named ''Tardis'', instead of a mysterious alien who stole a device called "the TARDIS".<ref>Peel (1988), p. 96; Howe (1992), p. 129</ref>

Four books focusing on the Daleks were published in the 1960s. '']'' (1964, written by Terry Nation and ]), ''The Dalek World'' (1965, written by Nation and Whitaker) and ''The Dalek Outer Space Book'' (1966, by Nation and Brad Ashton) were all hardcover books formatted like ], containing text stories and comics about the Daleks, along with fictional information (sometimes based on the television serials, other times made up for the books).<ref>Howe (1992), p. 138</ref> Nation also published ''The Dalek Pocketbook and Space-Travellers Guide'', which collected articles and features treating the Daleks as if they were real.<ref>Howe (2003), pp.126–127</ref> Four more annuals were published in the 1970s by World Distributors under the title ''Terry Nation's Dalek Annual'' (with cover dates 1976–1979, but published 1975–1978).<ref>Howe (1992), pp. 74–75</ref> Two original novels by ], '']'' (1997) and '']'' (1998), were released as part of the ] series of ''Doctor Who'' novels.<ref>{{cite book |title=] |last=Peel |first=John |authorlink=John Peel (writer) |year=1997 |publisher=BBC Books |location=London |isbn=0-563-40573-2}}<br/>{{cite book |title=] |last=Peel |first=John |authorlink=John Peel (writer) |year=1998 |publisher=BBC Books |location=London |isbn=0-563-40574-0}}<br/>Howe (2003), pp. 83–84</ref> A novella, '']'' by ], was published in 2004, and two books featuring the Daleks and the ] ('']'' by ], 2006, and '']'' by ], 2009) have been released as part of the ].<ref>{{cite book |title=] |last=Clark |first=Simon |authorlink=Simon Clark (novelist) |year=2004 |publisher=] |location=], Surrey |isbn=1-903889-30-8}}<br/>{{cite book |title=] |last=Roberts |first=Gareth |authorlink=Gareth Roberts (writer) |year=2006 |publisher=BBC Books |location=London |isbn=1-84607-641-2}}<br/>{{cite book |title=] |last=Baxendale |first=Trevor |authorlink=Trevor Baxendale |year=2009 |publisher=BBC Books |location=London |isbn=0-563-48648-1}}<br/>Howe (2006), p. 51</ref>

Nation authorised the publication of the comic strip '']'' in the comic '']'' in 1965. The weekly one-page strip, written by Whitaker but credited to Nation, featured the Daleks as protagonists and "heroes", and continued for two years, from their creation of the mechanised Daleks by the humanoid Dalek scientist, Yarvelling, to their eventual discovery in the ruins of a crashed space-liner of the co-ordinates for ], which they proposed to invade. Although much of the material in these strips directly contradicted what was shown on television, some concepts like the Daleks using humanoid duplicates and the design of the ] did show up later on in the programme.<ref>Howe (1992), p. 143</ref>

At the same time, a ''Doctor Who'' strip was also being published in '']''. Initially, the strip did not have the rights to use the Daleks, so the ] battled the "Trods" instead, cone-shaped robotic creatures that ran on static electricity. By the time the ] appeared in the strip in 1967 the rights issues had been resolved, and the Daleks began making appearances starting in ''The Trodos Ambush'' (TVC #788-#791), where they massacred the Trods. The Daleks also made appearances in the ]-era ''Dr. Who'' comic strip that featured in the combined '']/]'' comic during the early 1970s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.drwhoguide.com/tvaction3.htm |title=Countdown / TV Action Strips and Stories featuring the Third Doctor |accessdate=20 March 2010 |last=Boies |first=Dominique |work=Doctor Who Reference Guide}}</ref>

Other licensed appearances have included a number of stage plays (see ] below) and television adverts for ] "Sky Ray" ice lollies (1966), ] breakfast cereal (1977), ] chocolate bars (2001),<ref name=bignell187 >{{cite book |title=Terry Nation |last1=Bignell |first1=Jonathan |last2=O'Day |first2=Andrew |year=2004 |publisher=] |location=] |page=187 |isbn=0-7190-6547-X |url=http://books.google.com/?id=grv8uA0MtXkC |accessdate=8 March 2010}}</ref><ref>Newman, pp. 35, 120–121</ref> and the ] (2005).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anz.com/about-us/our-company/profile/advertising/ |title=Advertising |publisher=] |accessdate=7 January 2010}}<br/>
{{cite web |url=http://afcorson.site.net.au/ |title=The Daleks |accessdate=7 January 2010 |format=] format; click on "Productions"}}</ref> In 2003, Daleks also appeared in UK billboard ads for ] batteries, alongside the slogan "Are You Power Mad?"<ref name=bignell187/>

==Other major appearances==
<!--please note that television and audio appearances are listed in the templates at the bottom of the page-->

===Stage plays===
* '']'': ], London (premiere 21 December 1965)
* '']'': ], London (premiere 16 December 1974)
* '']'': ], Titahi Bay, Porirua, New Zealand (premiere 24 November 1984)
* '']'': ], London (premiere 23 March 1989)
*'']'': The Village Hotel, Hyde, Greater Manchester (premiere 14 November 1993)
* ''] (voice only)'': ], ] (premiere July 1998)
*'']'': ], ] (premiere 16 July 2005)
* '']'': ], ] (premiere 25 October 2006)
* '']'': Theatre Royal, ] (premiere 24 October 2007)
* '''': Edinburgh Fringe Festival 1984 play by ]

===Concerts===
* '']'' (19 November 2006)
* ] (27 July 2008)
* ] (27 July 2010)
* ] (27 July 2013)

===Original novels and novellas===
*'']'' by ] ('']''), published October 1997
*'']'' by John Peel (''Eighth Doctor Adventures''), published April 1998
*'']'' by ] ('']''), published March 2004
*'']'' by ] ('']'', part of the ]), published May 2006
*'']'' by ] (''Tenth Doctor Adventures''), published April 2009
*'']'' by ] ('']''), published April 2013

==Other appearances==

===Non-''Doctor Who'' television and film===
Daleks have made cameo appearances in television programmes and films unrelated to ''Doctor Who'' from the 1960s to the present day.
* Dalek toys are seen in a ] in "Death at Bargain Prices", a 1965 episode of the fantasy/thriller series '']'', which like ''Doctor Who'' was created by Sydney Newman, although broadcast on the rival ] network.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theavengers.tv/forever/peel1-4.htm|title=Death at Bargain Prices|publisher=The Avengers Forever|first=David K.|last=Smith|date=11 July 2008|accessdate=21 March 2010}}</ref>

* During the 1992 Christmas special of the comedy series '']'', the title character uses children's toys to play out a bizarre ] in which a Dalek exterminates a tiny lamb and a tyrannosaurus rex.<ref>{{cite video |year=1992 | title = "Merry Christmas Mr. Bean" |medium = television |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDOO3FvGsZ4}}</ref>

* Two to three purple toy Daleks are also seen in the background of an episode of the American children's cartoon '']''.<ref name="test">{{cite web|author=Chris Hardwick |url=http://www.nerdist.com/2011/01/rugrats-dalek-easter-egg/ |title=Rugrats Dalek Easter Egg |publisher=Nerdist.com |date=17 January 2011 |accessdate=11 October 2011}}</ref>

* In the television special '']'', two Daleks are shown (under "E" for "Exterminate") arguing that all Earth television is human propaganda, and the works more commonly attributed to ] and ] were actually written by Daleks, although they deny having written "]" by ]; subsequently, one of them remarks that the "change the bulb" joke from the episode "]" was funny, and is promptly exterminated by the other for the crime of "not behaving like a true Dalek".<ref>{{cite video
| people =] (producer and director)
| date =14 February 1998
| title =Red Dwarf A-Z
|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0479986/
| accessdate =21 March 2010
| medium =television special, released as a feature on ''Red Dwarf II'' DVD
| location =London
|publisher =BBC Video
}}</ref>

* In the 2004 series of '']'', written by ] (who was later to write for and produce ''Doctor Who''), a Dalek appears in the second episode of season four.<ref name="coupling">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/06_june/16/coupling_moffat.shtml |title=Writer Steven Moffat |publisher=] |date=16 June 2004 |accessdate=21 March 2010}}</ref> This was voiced by ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.noisemonster.com/corporate/people_briggs.shtml |title=The People—Nicholas Briggs |year=2005 |work=Noise Monster Productions |accessdate=3 February 2010}}</ref> who later went on to provide Dalek voices for the series proper from 2005 onwards.<ref>Russell (2006), p. 161</ref> (Terry Nation's original Dalek rights deal with the BBC had been negotiated by his then agent ], later Moffat's mother-in-law.)<ref name="moffat">{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2004/aug/31/2 | title= Monkey goes to Edinburgh |work=The Guardian |location=London |format=Requires free registration |date=31 August 2004 |accessdate=21 March 2010}}</ref>

* In the film '']'', the secret military base, Area 52, detains a number of monsters and robots from old sci-fi films; among those are some Daleks, who upon release by ], proceed to attack while spouting their catchphrases.<ref name=bignell187/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/looney-tunes-back-in-action/803 |title=Film Review—Looney Tunes: Back in Action |last=Vasquez |first=Josh |date=12 November 2003 |work=] |accessdate=3 February 2010}}</ref>

* A Dalek appeared alongside ], ], a ], the ] and a 1980s ] in a 2003 episode of the British motoring programme '']'', to see who was "Master of the Universe" with a lap around their ] in a racing modified ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://australia.bbcknowledge.com/topgear/series-2.html |title=Top Gear—Series 2 |publisher=] |accessdate=21 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20100428124852/http://australia.bbcknowledge.com:80/topgear/series-2.html |archivedate=28 April 2010 }}</ref> The Dalek couldn't get into the car, so it exterminated the other drivers (with the exception of the Klingon and the Doctor; who had apparently fled beforehand as they were not present); the Cyberman was eventually declared the winner by the hosts.<ref>{{Cite episode |title=Series 2, episode 8 |episodelink=Top Gear (series 2)#s2e8 |series=Top Gear |serieslink=Top Gear (2002 TV series) |credits=Director Brian Klein, Producer Peter McCann, Executive Producer Gary Hunter |network=BBC |station=BBC Two |location=UK |city=], Surrey |airdate=6 July 2003 |seriesno=2 |number=8 |minutes=30:00 }}<br/>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/topgear/show/episodes/series2episode8.shtml |title=Top Gear—Episode Archive—Series 2 |work=official ''Top Gear'' website |publisher=BBC |accessdate=21 March 2010}}</ref>

* In the final episode of the 2007 series of '']'', ]'s character gets married, supported by two Dalek bridesmaids.

* In a 2009 episode of the American sitcom '']'', a deactivated Dalek is spotted in the sub-basement where the supposed "Robot Farm" is located.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://io9.com/5438790/better-off-ted-reveals-the-origins-of-doctor-whos-tin+plated-bad-guys |title=Better Off Ted Reveals The Origins Of Doctor Who's Tin-Plated Bad Guys? |author=McMillan, Graeme |date=2 January 2010 |work=] |publisher=] |accessdate=6 January 2010}}</ref>

* In a December 2009 episode ("Party Animals") of the British children's television series '']'', one of the sheep is dressed as a crude version of a Dalek trying to get up some stairs but failing because of the suit.

* In 2010, a Dalek was a "guest" on '']'' sitting off to the side and keeping a watchful eye on Ferguson. It never spoke, but occasionally moved around. This was a lead-up to having ] as a real guest on the show.

* On May 4, 2011, the popular animated television show, '']'' aired its 211th episode, #1502 entitled "]" featuring a new character, "Funnybot". Funnybot was designed by the Germans to prove that they were a funny people, contrary to what the students of South Park Elementary had to say about them. What the Germans created looked in some ways similar to a Dalek, and in the end lived up to its appearance, albeit with ] in lieu of a death ray.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southparkstudios.com/guide/episodes/s15e02-funnybot |title=Funnybot (Season 15, Episode 2) – Episode Guide |publisher=South Park Studios |date=2013-03-06 |accessdate=2013-05-30}}</ref>

* In the children's book ''Animalia'' by Graeme Base, a Dalek appears on the pages with objects starting with the letter D.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://themetapicture.com/my-childhoods-book-had-a-geek-illustrator/|title=My childhood’s book had a geek illustrator|accessdate=17 September 2013}}</ref>

* The December 9, 2012 episode of ] entitled "]," an outline of a Dalek can be seen on the bottom drawer of T-Rex's dresser when Bart discovers his action figures.

* On September 2, 2013, the Daleks made an appearance in the sketch "Doctor Who's Line is it Anyway?", on the ] show '']''.

===Comic books===
* In ''] 1969'', a Dalek can be seen during a psychedelic hallucination by ]<ref>''The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen Volume III: Century 1969''.</ref>

===Music===
]]]<!--FAIR USE of I'm Gonna Spend My Christmas with a Dalek.jpg; see http://en.wikipedia.org/File:I%27m_Gonna_Spend_My_Christmas_With_A_Dalek.jpg for rationale-->

Daleks have been referred to or associated in many musical compositions.

* The first known musical reference to Daleks is the 1964 ] single "I'm Gonna Spend My Christmas with a Dalek" by ], released during the 1960s' "]" fad.<ref>Howe (1992), p. 148</ref>

* Dalek voices were sampled and recreated in the 1988 novelty single "]" by The Timelords (who later performed as ]),<ref>Howe, 1996a, p. 163</ref>

* Daleks were also sampled by the German electronic band ] in their 2005 single "Exterminate Annihilate Destroy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.synthpop.net/modules.php?op=modload&name=Reviews&file=index&req=showcontent&id=1066 |title=Rotersand – Exterminate Annihilate Destroy |author=Wooldridge, Si |date=6 June 2005 |work=Synthpop.net |accessdate=6 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20061012170114/http://www.synthpop.net/modules.php?op=modload&name=Reviews&file=index&req=showcontent&id=1066 |archivedate=12 October 2006 }}</ref>

* Many other musicians have mentioned Daleks in lyrics, including: ], in "]" ("Repression—gonna be a Dalek / Repression—I am a robot / Repression—I obey.");<ref name="clash">{{cite web |url=http://www.gracenote.com/search/lyrics.php?gdo=WEcxA4oQIA%2BEsU3Lb%2BHmxWnp6zcYsQgaBypuUhSJ2nAasUmlHZiLD1FYKovuXafZIAiqVBjl8hzGprsfHknGZnTqeK0fpJH%2F%2FwuOWI6lids1U7YadfR5JzcolC7DdOG7NHr%2BHgPsp7a1yXPn%2BvCRw9UhgmC%2BXcIEXczx8HlVt3dTdrEr5TmbVDSZQVmYljEoQt8u70iUq8PS2snoePNSEA%3D%3D&artist=The+Clash&title=Remote+Control |title=Lyrics for The Clash – "Remote Control" |last1=Jones |first1=Mick |authorlink1=Mick Jones (The Clash) |last2=Mellor |first2=John |authorlink2=Joe Strummer |work=] |accessdate=23 March 2010}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> ], in "Weathercade" ("The Dalek drones are drowning");<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gracenote.com/search/lyrics.php?gdo=WEcxA4Ut8Pzuep%2BQ%2FnS%2Bc5Ybqiae1%2BP8%2BI7r3WvQnJhTS99Dob%2F6HWORBKLxgDxMVDdMEMciTaXK4LCby9r%2BqBg9%2BfpmZS2%2B1t81CUdOFF6VjemsVHvEzkFke%2BTZnfucqtqxH2BLEQecMIwzcDT1ToDSEB8KjoCwXKpkFDsuBKAUDrLSLHcv3tYKa2kwVkfgtWnDW2i6dwHAo1LYDIWcm62f&artist=The+Creatures&title=Weathercade |title=Weathercade lyrics |last1=Ballion |first1=Susan Janet |authorlink1=Siouxsie Sioux |last2=Clarke |first2=Peter |authorlink2=Budgie (drummer) |work=] |accessdate=23 March 2010}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> ] in "Her Daddy Was a Dalek, Her Mummy Was a Non-Stick Frying Pan" from his album "The Joy of More Hogwash"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.martingordon.de/hog_lyrics.html#her |title=The Joy of More Hogwash |author=Martin Gordon |website=www.martingordon.de}}</ref> and ], in "Smile" ("I feel like a Dalek inside/ Everything's gone grey but used to be so black and white").<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.myspace.com/thesupernaturalsmusic |title=The Supernaturals |last1=McColl |first1=James |authorlink=James McColl |date=25 January 2010 |work=] |publisher=MySpace |accessdate=23 March 2010}}</ref> The trock band ]'s eponymous album features a song called Exterminate, Regenerate; which illustrates the conflict between the Doctor and the Daleks. Bands have even incorporated Daleks into their names: ], a synthpop band active for over ten years from the late 1970s to the beginning of the 1990s, and instrumental surf-rock trio Dalek Beach Party, whose 1992 EP featured the song "Exterminate! Exterminate!"<ref>{{cite web|last=Coulthard|first=Richard|title=bull10-0|url=http://www.bubbyworld.com/waaah/bull10-0.htm|publisher=Bring On Bull Records|accessdate=12 July 2011}}</ref>
Dalek is also mentioned and pictured in the Doc Brown vs Doctor Who. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2, being summoned by Brown to exterminate the Tenth Doctor.

Samples of Dalek voices uttering the phrases "the prisoners have escaped" and "exterminate them" appear in the song "Shakespeare's Tacklebox" by the Australian band ] on their 1993 debut LP "ShaShaVaGlava".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Shakespeare's-Tacklebox-lyrics-Spiderbait/FB4203B889FB86C5482571B30008AEE6 |title=Shakespeare's Tacklebox lyrics |author=Spiderbait}}</ref>

===Politics===
At the 1966 ] conference in ], delegate ] publicly compared the Labour government's ] ] to the creatures. "Mr. Healey is the Dalek of defence, pointing a metal finger at the armed forces and saying 'I will eliminate you'."<ref name="healy">{{cite news |title=Defence – Mr Healey 'The Dalek' |work=The Times |location=UK |date=15 October 1966 |page=13}}</ref>

In a ] ] in the ] on 12 February 1968, the then ] ] mentioned the Daleks during a reply to a question from the ] ] ] concerning the ] aircraft project. In the context of the dangers of ]s, he said, "Because we are exploring the frontiers of technology, some people think Concorde will be avoiding solar flares like Dr. Who avoiding Daleks. It is not like this at all."<ref name="benn">{{cite news |title=The Commons: cost of Concorde: market for Beagles |work=The Times |location=UK |date=13 February 1968 |page=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1968/feb/12/concorde-aircraft#S5CV0758P0_19680212_HOC_81|title=Concorde Aircraft|work=House of Commons Hansard|date=12 February 1968|accessdate=7 November 2011}}</ref>

] luminary ] described his right wing ] faction successor, Victorian Senator ], and his Socialist Left faction counterpart, ], as "factional Daleks" during a 2006 ] lunch in Sydney.<ref name="Cavalier">{{cite news |title= Daleks essential to Beazley going forward |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=22 September 2006 |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/opinion/daleks-essential-to-beazley-going-forward/2006/09/21/1158431840640.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1 |accessdate=24 March 2010 |page=19}}</ref>

Daleks have been used in ]s to caricature: ], as the 'Douglek', in Private Eye's ], ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cartoons.ac.uk/record/NG2207 |title=View cartoon item: NG2207 |last=Garland |first=Nicholas |authorlink=Nicholas Garland |date=31 January 1981 |work=The Spectator |location=UK |publisher=] |accessdate=23 March 2010}}</ref> ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cartoons.ac.uk/record/PC2527 |title=View cartoon item: PC2527 |last=Bell |first=Steve |authorlink=Steve Bell (cartoonist) |date=19 September 1997 |work=The Guardian |location=UK |publisher=] |accessdate=23 March 2010}}</ref> ]<ref name="whittington">{{cite web |url=http://www.cartoons.ac.uk/record/PC5210 |title=View cartoon item: PC5210 |last=Gaskill |first=Dave |date=24 November 1998 |work=The Sun |location=UK |publisher=] |accessdate=23 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Blair's rule by diktat |first=Steve |last=Bell |authorlink=Steve Bell (cartoonist) |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/cartoons/stevebell/0,7371,955640,00.html |newspaper=] |date=14 May 2003 |accessdate=23 March 2010 |location=London}}</ref> (also portrayed as ]),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cartoons.ac.uk/record/DB0110 |title=View cartoon item: DB0110 |last=Brown |first=Dave |authorlink=Dave Brown (cartoonist) |date=17 November 1998 |work=The Independent |location=UK |publisher=] |accessdate=23 March 2010}}</ref> ],<ref name="whittington"/> ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cartoons.ac.uk/record/06437 |title=View cartoon item: 06437 |last=Weisz |first=Victor |authorlink=Victor Weisz |date=25 December 1964 |work=New Statesman |location=UK |publisher=] |accessdate=23 March 2010}}</ref> ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cartoons.ac.uk/record/06435 |title=View cartoon item: 06435 |last=Illingworth |first=Leslie Gilbert |authorlink=Leslie Gilbert Illingworth |date=16 December 1964 |work=Daily Mail |location=UK |publisher=] |accessdate=23 March 2010}}</ref> ],<ref name="whittington"/> ].<ref>{{cite news |title=How the call for aid to Gaza left the BBC in the thick of battle |first=Steve |last=Bell |authorlink=Steve Bell (cartoonist) |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/cartoon/2009/jan/27/bbc-gaza-aid-appeal |newspaper=] |date=27 January 2009 |accessdate=23 March 2010 |location=London}}</ref>

===Magazine covers===
]. In 2008, it was voted the best British magazine cover of all time.]]
Daleks have appeared on magazine covers promoting ''Doctor Who'' since the "Dalekmania" fad of the 1960s. '']'' has featured the Daleks on its cover several times, beginning with the 21–27 November 1964 issue which promoted ''The Dalek Invasion of Earth''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/content/features/galleries/doctorwhocovers/02/ |title=Doctor Who covers: The Dalek Invasion of Earth |accessdate=24 March 2010 |work=Radio Times |publisher=BBC Magazines}}{{dead link|date=April 2014}}</ref> Other magazines also used Daleks to attract readers' attention, including ''Girl Illustrated''.<ref name=porn>Howe (1996), pp. 60–61, 66</ref>

In April 2005, ''Radio Times'' created a special cover to commemorate both the return of the Daleks to the screen in "]" and the forthcoming ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/shows/doctor-who/gallery/gallery-twenty/001/ |title=Doctor Who – The greatest magazine cover of all time |accessdate=24 March 2010 |work=Radio Times |publisher=] }}{{dead link|date=April 2014}}</ref> This cover recreated a scene from ''The Dalek Invasion of Earth'' in which the Daleks were seen crossing ], with the ] in the background. The cover text read "VOTE DALEK!" In a 2008 contest sponsored by the ], this cover was voted the best British magazine cover of all time.<ref>{{cite news |first=Nicole |last=Martin |title=Vote Dalek image voted best magazine cover of all time |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/3102812/Vote-Dalek-image-voted-best-magazine-cover-of-all-time.html |date=29 September 2008 |work=Daily Telegraph |location=UK |accessdate=24 March 2010}}</ref> In 2013 it was voted "Cover of the century" by the ].<ref>{{cite web|first=Marcus|title=Radio Times Exhibition|url=http://www.doctorwhonews.net/2013/07/radio-times-exhibition.html|work=Doctor Who News|accessdate=29 July 2013}}</ref> The ] campaign also prompted a collector's set of three near-identical covers of the ''Radio Times'' on 17 April with exactly the same headline but with the ] in their primary colours representing the three main political parties, Red being Labour, Blue as Conservative and Yellow as Liberal Democrats.

===Parodies===
{{See also|Doctor Who spoofs}}
Daleks have been the subject of many ], including ]'s "]" sketch in his comedy series '']'',<ref name="crapsketch">{{cite news |title=Q6 – BBC2 |work=The Times |location=UK |first=Alan |last=Coren |authorlink=Alan Coren |date=12 December 1975 |page=14}}</ref><ref>Newman, p. 35</ref><ref name="mingmongs">{{cite journal |last=Lyons |first=Steve |authorlink=Steve Lyons (writer) |author2=Chris Howarth |date=10 February 1999 |title=But Doctor, I haven't got the Ming-Mongs! |journal=] |issue=274 |pages=29–30 |publisher=] |location=], Kent |issn=0957-9818}}</ref> and ]'s "Gay Daleks".<ref name="mingmongs"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Doctor stuck in a time warp |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/newsfeatures/2005/0312/1110452198946.html |newspaper=] |location=Dublin |date=12 March 2005 |accessdate=3 February 2010 |first=Shane |last=Hegarty}}</ref> Occasionally the BBC has used the Daleks to parody other subjects: in 2002, ] published the ''Dalek Survival Guide'', a parody of '']''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Richards |first=Justin |authorlink=Justin Richards |author2=] |author3=] |author4=] |author5=] |editor=Ben Dunn (editor)|title=Dalek Survival Guide |year=2002 |publisher=] |location=London |isbn=0-563-48600-7 }}</ref> Comedian ] has an extended stand-up routine about Daleks, which was included in his 1993 stand-up show "]".<ref>{{cite news |title=Eddie Izzard: The tough transvestite who can take care of himself |first=Rampton |last=James |newspaper=] |date=23 May 2004 |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/eddie-izzard-the-tough-transvestite-who-can-take-care-of-himself-564108.html |accessdate=3 February 2010 |location=London}}</ref> The Daleks made two brief appearances in a ] version of '']'' at the ] which starred '']'' star ] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite news|title=Aladdin @ Hippodrome |first=Holly |last=Beaumont-Wilkes |publisher=BBC News |date=28 December 2007 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/articles/2007/12/28/aladdin_review_feature.shtml |accessdate=3 February 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20140224182547/http://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/articles/2007/12/28/aladdin_review_feature.shtml |archivedate=24 February 2014 }}</ref> A joke-telling robot, possessing a Dalek-like boom, and loosely modelled after the Dalek, also appeared in the '']'' episode "]", even spouting out "exterminate".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.ign.com/articles/1166181 |title=South Park: "Funnybot" Review – IGN|publisher=M.ign.com |date=5 May 2011 |accessdate=11 October 2011}}</ref> A Dalek can also be seen in the background at timepoints 1:13 and 1:17 in the ] animated series episode ]. In the '']'' parody of ''Doctor Who'' called ''Inspector Spacetime'', they are referred to as Blorgons.

==Merchandising==
The BBC approached Walter Tuckwell, a New Zealand-born entrepreneur who was handling product merchandising for other BBC shows, and asked him to do the same for the Daleks and ''Doctor Who''.<ref name="tuckwell">Howe (1994), p. 342</ref> Tuckwell created a glossy sales brochure that sparked off a Dalek craze, dubbed "Dalekmania" by the press, which peaked in 1965.<ref>Howe (1992), p. 137</ref>

===Toys and models===
]
The first Dalek toys were released in 1965 as part of the "Dalekmania" craze.<ref name=1965toys>Howe (2003), pp. 475–483</ref> These included battery-operated, ] and "Rolykins" Daleks from ], as well as models from Cherilea, Herts Plastic Moulders Ltd and Cowan, de Groot Ltd, and "Bendy" Daleks made by Newfeld Ltd.<ref name=1965toys/> At the height of the Daleks' popularity, in addition to toy replicas, there were Dalek board games and activity sets, slide projectors for children and even Dalek playsuits made from PVC.<ref name="merchandise">Howe (1992), pp. 137–152</ref> Collectible cards, stickers, toy guns, music singles, punching bags and many other items were also produced in this period.<ref name="merchandise"/> Dalek toys released in the 1970s included a new version of Louis Marx's battery-operated Dalek (1974), a "talking Dalek" from ] (1975) and a Dalek board game (1975) and Dalek ] (1977), both from ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |authorlink1=David J. Howe |last2=Stammers |first2=Mark |authorlink2=Mark Stammers |last3=Walker |first3=Stephen James | authorlink3=Stephen James Walker |title=Doctor Who: The Seventies |year=1994 |edition=paperback |publisher=Doctor Who Books, an imprint of ] |location=London |pages=168–170 |isbn=0-86369-871-9 }}</ref> From 1988 to 2002, ] released a line of Dalek toys in conjunction with its ''Doctor Who'' action figure series.<ref>Howe (2003), pp. 469–473, 490–491</ref>

In 1984, Sevans Models released a self-assembly model kit for a one-fifth scale Dalek, which ''Doctor Who'' historian ] has described as "the most accurate model of a Dalek ever to be released".<ref>Howe (1996a), p. 159</ref> ] released two Dalek self-assembly model kits in the 1990s.<ref>Howe (2003), p. 366</ref>

In 1992, Bally released a ] which prominently featured the Daleks both as a primary playfield feature and as a motorised toy in the topper.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?gid=738 |title=Internet Pinball Machine Database: Midway 'Doctor Who' |publisher=Ipdb.org |date=4 November 1992 |accessdate=11 October 2011}}</ref>

] produced a Dalek-themed ''Doctor Who'' playset in 1998.<ref>Howe (2003), p. 491</ref>

Beginning in 2000, Product Enterprise (who later operated under the names "Iconic Replicas" and "Sixteen 12 Collectibles") produced various Dalek toys. These included {{nowrap|one-inch (2.5&nbsp;cm)}} Dalek "Rolykins" (based on the Louis Marx toy from 1965); push-along "talking" {{nowrap|7-inch (17.8&nbsp;cm)}} Daleks; {{nowrap|2½-inch (6.4&nbsp;cm)}} Dalek "Rollamatics" with a pull back and release mechanism; and a {{nowrap|one-foot (30.5&nbsp;cm)}} remote control Dalek.<ref>Howe (2003), pp. 492–496</ref>

In 2005 ] was granted the "Master Toy License" for the revived ''Doctor Who'' series, including the Daleks.<ref name=update123>Howe (2006), p.123</ref> Their product lines have included {{nowrap|5-inch (12.7&nbsp;cm)}} static/push-along and radio controlled Daleks, radio controlled {{nowrap|12-inch (30.5&nbsp;cm)}} versions and radio controlled {{nowrap|18-inch (45.7&nbsp;cm)}} / 1:3 scale variants.<ref>Howe (2006), pp. 91, 92, 94</ref> The 12-inch remote control Dalek won the 2005 award for Best Electronic Toy of the Year from the ].<ref name=update123 /> Some versions of the 18-inch model included semi-autonomous and voice command-features.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Howe |first=David J. |authorlink=David J. Howe |date=9 January 2008 |title=Voice Interactive Dalek |journal=] |issue=390 |page=391 |publisher=] |location=], Kent |issn=0957-9818}}</ref> In 2008, the company acquired a license to produce {{nowrap|5-inch (12.7&nbsp;cm)}} Daleks of the various "classic series" variants.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sangster |first=Jim |date=7 January 2009 |title=Action figure toy range |journal=] |issue=403 |pages=58–59 |publisher=] |location=], Kent |issn=0957-9818}}<br/>{{cite journal |last=Sangster |first=Jim |date=6 January 2010 |title=Action figure toy range |journal=] |issue=416 |pages=74–75 |publisher=] |location=], Kent |issn=0957-9818}}</ref> For the fifth revived series, both Ironside (Post-Time war Daleks in camouflage khaki), Drone (new, red) and, later, Strategist Daleks (new, blue) were released as both RC Infrared Battle Daleks and action figures.

===Video games===
Licensed ''Doctor Who'' games featuring Daleks include 1984's ''The Key to Time'', a text adventure game for the ].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Price |first=Richard |date=December 1984 |title=Have Tardis will travel |journal=] |issue=33 |page=38 |publisher=] |location=London |issn=0262-5458 |url=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=SinclairUser/Issue033/Pages/SinclairUser03300038.jpg |accessdate=14 January 2010 }}</ref> Daleks also appeared in minor roles or as thinly disguised versions in other, minor games throughout the 80s, but did not feature as central adversaries in a licensed game until 1992, when Admiral Software published '']''.<ref name="bingegamer">{{cite web |url=http://www.bingegamer.net/2009/greatest-games-youve-never-played-dalek-attack/ |title=Greatest Games You’ve Never Played: Dalek Attack |last=Walker |first=James |date=8 July 2009 |work=Binge Gamer |accessdate=16 January 2010}}</ref> The game allowed the player to play various Doctors or companions, running them through several environments to defeat the Daleks.<ref name="bingegamer"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/dalek-attack |title=Dalek Attack |last1=Stryker |first1=B.L. |last2=Smith |first2=Martin |work=] |accessdate=16 January 2010}}<br/>{{cite web |url=http://www.abandonia.com/en/games/1017/Dalek+Attack.html |title=Dalek Attack |author=Sebatianos |work=] |accessdate=16 January 2010}}<br/>{{cite journal |first=Jonathan |last=Nash |date=July 1993 |title=Doctor Who: Dalek Attack |journal=] |issue=91 |pages=8–9 |publisher=] |location=] |url=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=YourSinclair/Issue91/Pages/YourSinclair9100008.jpg |accessdate=14 January 2010 |issn=0269-6983 }}</ref> In 1997 the BBC released a ] game entitled '']'' which also featured the Daleks, among other adversaries.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gillatt |first=Gary |date=22 October 1997 |title=The game's up! |journal=] |issue=257 |page=p. 27}}</ref>

Unauthorized games featuring Daleks continued to appear through the 1990s and 2000s, including Dalek-based ] of '']'', '']'', and '']'', and even more recently, a mod of '']''; many of these can be found online, including an ] game, ''Dalek:Dissolution Earth''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ludodoesjudo.com/dalek.html |title=Dalek: Dissolution Earth |accessdate=24 March 2010 |format=] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20100103085852/http://ludodoesjudo.com:80/dalek.html |archivedate=3 January 2010 }}</ref> In 1998 ''QWho'', a ] for ''Quake'', featured the Daleks as adversaries. This also formed the basis of ''TimeQuake'', a total conversion written in 2000 which included other ''Doctor Who'' monsters such as ]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.otranto.demon.co.uk/timequake/ |title=Doctor Who – Timequake |accessdate=24 March 2010 |last=Williams |first=Giles |author2=Christian Darkin |author3=Conrad Feinson |date=11 August 2000 }}</ref> Another unauthorised game is ''DalekTron'', a based on ] written to coincide with the 2005 series.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dalektron.org/ |title=DalekTron |accessdate=24 March 2010 |last=Bower |first=Andy |author2=James Bower |date=20 September 2007}}</ref>

One authorised online game is ''The Last Dalek'', a ] game created by New Media Collective for the BBC. It is based on the 2005 episode "Dalek" and can be played at the official BBC ''Doctor Who'' website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/games/lastdalek/index.shtml |title=The Last Dalek |accessdate=24 March 2010 |format=] |work=BBC ''Doctor Who'' website |publisher=BBC News |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20100107013218/http://www.bbc.co.uk:80/doctorwho/games/lastdalek/index.shtml |archivedate=7 January 2010 }}</ref> The ''Doctor Who'' website also features another game, ''Daleks vs Cybermen'' (also known as ''Cyber Troop Control Interface''), based on the 2006 episode "Doomsday"; in this game, the player controls troops of Cybermen which must fight Daleks as well as ] members.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/games/game13/index.shtml |title=Cyber Troop Control Interface |accessdate=24 March 2010 |format=] |work=BBC ''Doctor Who'' website |publisher=BBC News |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20100205183636/http://www.bbc.co.uk:80/doctorwho/games/game13/index.shtml |archivedate=5 February 2010 }}</ref>

On 5 June 2010, the BBC released the first of four official computer games on its website, 'Doctor Who: The Adventure Games', which are intended as part of the official TV series adventures. In the first of these, 'The City of the Daleks', the Doctor in his 11th incarnation and Amy Pond must stop the Daleks re-writing time and reviving Skaro, their homeland.

They also appear in the ] and ] games ] and ].

Several Daleks appear in the ] game ]<ref>Release of Mazes of Time http://doctorwhotv.co.uk/doctor-who-mazes-of-time-out-now-12916.htm</ref> as rare enemies the player faces, appearing only in the first and final levels.

The robot model ''883'' in the game '']'' for the '']'' looks like a Dalek. The game was later ported to other platforms, and several ] clones have been developed since, among them ''Freedroid Classic''. Based on this game is a '']'' style role-playing game called ''Freedroid RPG'' where several Dalek-like robots appear. The base version is called ''Dalex'', its powerful, but slow weapon, the ''Exterminator'', is also available to the player.

===Full-size reproductions===
Dalek fans have been building life-size reproduction Daleks for many years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dalekcity.co.uk/ |title=The DBG History |last=Dando |first=Mark |year=2005 |work=Dalek Builders' Guild |accessdate=9 March 2010}}<br/>{{cite web |url=http://www.projectdalek.co.uk/files/dalek_showcase.html |title=Dalek Showcase |work=Project Dalek |accessdate=9 March 2010}}</ref> The BBC and Terry Nation estate officially disapprove of self-built Daleks, but usually intervene only if attempts are made to trade unlicensed Daleks and Dalek components commercially, or if it is considered that actual or intended use may damage the BBC's reputation or the Doctor Who/Dalek brand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daleklinks.co.uk/about/fan-built-daleks |title=The BBC's position on fan-built Daleks |last=Labrow |first=Peter |year=2010 |work=Dalek Links |accessdate=9 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20090914131540/http://www.daleklinks.co.uk:80/about/fan-built-daleks |archivedate=14 September 2009 }}</ref> The ], Cheshire-based company "This Planet Earth" is the only business which has been licensed by the BBC and the Terry Nation Estate to produce full-size TV Dalek replicas, and by ] to produce full size Movie Dalek replicas commercially.<ref name="lesbian">{{cite web |url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/11/28/dalek_film/ |title=BBC pulls plug on Dalek lesbian romp flick |last=Haines |first=Lester |year=2005 |accessdate=24 March 2010 |work=] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thisplanetearth.co.uk/main/index.html |title=Home |year=2010 |work=This Planet Earth |accessdate=9 March 2010}}</ref>

==See also==

{{Portal|Doctor Who|BBC}}
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==Notes==
{{Reflist|33em}}

==References==
{{Refbegin|33em}}
*{{cite book |last=Haining |first=Peter |authorlink=Peter Haining (author)|year=1988 |title=Doctor Who: 25 Glorious Years |publisher=] |location=London |isbn=0-318-37661-X}}
*{{cite book |last= Harris |first= Mark |title= The Doctor Who Technical Manual |publisher=Severn House |date=March 1983 |isbn= 0-7278-2034-6 }}
*{{cite book |last=Howe |first=David J. |authorlink=David J. Howe |title=Doctor Who: A Book of Monsters |year=1997 |publisher=BBC Books |location=London |isbn=0-563-40562-7 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |last2=Blumberg |first2=Arnold T |title=Howe's Transcendental Toybox|edition=2nd|year=2003|publisher=]|location=], Surrey |isbn=1-903889-56-1}}
*{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J.|last2=Blumberg |first2=Arnold T |title=Howe's Transcendental Toybox: Update No. 2: The Complete Guide to 2004–2005 Doctor Who Merchandise |year=2006 |publisher=Telos Publishing|location=Tolworth, Surrey |isbn=1-84583-012-1}}
*{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |last2=Stammers |first2=Mark |authorlink2=Mark Stammers |title=Doctor Who: Companions |year=1996 |edition=paperback |publisher=Doctor Who Books, an imprint of ] |location=London |isbn=0-86369-921-9 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |last2=Stammers |first2=Mark |last3=Walker |first3=Stephen James |authorlink3=Stephen James Walker |title=Doctor Who: The Sixties |year=1992 |publisher=] |edition=paperback |location=London |isbn= 0-86369-707-0 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |last2=Stammers |first2=Mark |last3=Walker |first3=Stephen James | title=The Handbook: The First Doctor – The William Hartnell Years 1963–1966 |publisher=] |year=1994 |isbn=0-426-20430-1}}
*{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |last2=Stammers |first2=Mark |last3=Walker |first3=Stephen James |title=Doctor Who: The Eighties |year=1996 |edition=paperback |publisher=Doctor Who Books, an imprint of ] |location=London |isbn=0-7535-0128-7 }}
*{{cite book|last1=Howe |first1=David J. |last2=Walker |first2=Stephen James|title = Doctor Who: The Television Companion|year =1998|edition=1st|location = London |publisher=BBC Books|isbn=0-563-40588-0 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |last2=Walker |first2=Stephen James |title=The Television Companion: The Unofficial and Unauthorised Guide to Doctor Who |year=2004 |edition=2nd |location=Tolworth, Surrey |publisher=Telos Publishing |isbn =1-903889-51-0 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Miles |first1=Lawrence |authorlink1=Lawrence Miles |last2=Wood |first2=Tat |authorlink2=Tat Wood |year = 2006 |title = About Time 1: The Unauthorized Guide to Doctor Who (Seasons 1 to 3) |location = Des Moines, Iowa |publisher=Mad Norwegian Press |isbn = 0-9759446-0-6 }}
*{{cite book |last=Nation |first=Terry |authorlink=Terry Nation |year=1979 |title=Terry Nation's Dalek Special |publisher=] |location=London |isbn=0-426-20095-0}}
*{{cite book |last=Newman |first=Kim |authorlink=Kim Newman |title=BFI TV Classics: Doctor Who |publisher=] |location=London |year=2005 |isbn=1-84457-090-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Parkin|first=Lance|authorlink=Lance Parkin |title= AHistory: An Unauthorised History of the Doctor Who Universe|year=2006|publisher=Mad Norwegian Press|location=Des Moines, Iowa |isbn=0-9725959-9-6}}
*{{cite book|last=Peel|first=John |authorlink=John Peel (writer) |author2=Terry Nation|title=The Official Doctor Who & the Daleks Book|year=1988|publisher=]|location=New York |isbn=0-312-02264-6}}
*{{cite book |last=Russell |first=Gary |authorlink=Gary Russell |title=Doctor Who – The Inside Story |publisher=BBC Books |year=2006 |location=London|isbn=0-563-48649-X}}
*{{cite book |last=Segal |first=Philip |authorlink=Philip Segal |author2=Gary Russell |title=Doctor Who: Regeneration |year=2000 |publisher=] |location=London |isbn=0-00-710591-6}}
*{{cite book |last1=Walker |first1=Stephen James |last2=Howe |first2=David J. |title=Talkback: The Unofficial and Unauthorised Doctor Who Interview Book: Volume One: The Sixties |year=2006 |publisher=Telos Publishing |location=Tolworth, Surrey |isbn=1-84583-006-7}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary|Dalek voice}}
{{Commons category|Daleks}}
{{Wikiquote|The_Daleks|The Daleks}}
{{Wiktionary|Dalek}}
{{TardisIndexFile}}
*
*{{dead link|date=April 2014|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20121111104735/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/halloffame/arts/bill_roberts.shtml}} – BBC Wales interview with engineer Bill Roberts

{{Dalek stories}}
{{Dalek Audios}}
{{Dalek stage plays}}
{{Dalek novels}}
{{Doctor Who species}}
{{Doctor Who}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2012}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2012}}

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Revision as of 00:30, 17 November 2015

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