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Haplophryne mollis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Lophiiformes
Family:	Linophrynidae
Genus:	Haplophryne Regan, 1912
Species:	H. mollis
Binomial name
Haplophryne mollis A. B. Brauer, 1902
Synonyms
Aceratias mollis Brauer 1902 Edriolychnus macracanthus Regan and Trewavas 1932 Edriolychnus radians Regan and Trewavas 1932 Edriolychnus roulei Regan and Trewavas 1932 Edriolychnus schmidti Regan 1925

The ghostly seadevil or soft leftvent angler, Haplophryne mollis, is a species of anglerfish in the family Linophrynidae and is the only species in the monotypic genus Haplophryne. It is found in the mesopelagic zone of tropical and subtropical parts of the world's oceans at depths down to about 2,250 m (7,400 ft).

Description

Adult female Haplophryne mollis are much larger than adult males, with a maximum length of 16 cm (6.3 in), but 8 cm (3 in) is a more common length. As in other angler fish, the front dorsal fin is replaced by an illicium, but in this species this just consists of a flap of skin and there is no "fishing rod". The fish has spine-like ornamentation above the eyes and at the corners of the jaws. The head is large and angular, with a very wide mouth armed with numerous small teeth in both jaws. The dorsal fin, which has no spines but consists of three soft rays, is set far back on the body, the anal fin also has three soft rays and the tail is rounded.

Unlike most other deepsea anglerfish, H. mollis lacks pigmentation, and both sexes appear pallid and translucent, with the musculature and portions of the skeleton clearly showing through the skin. Free-living males only grow to about 2 cm (0.8 in)differ from the adult and juvenile females by the noticeable lack of a short, bubble-like esca and having comparatively small fins. Juvenile females lack the spinous ornamentation on the head.

Life cycle and ecology

Male H. mollis are at first free-living but when they have found a female they latch onto her with their teeth. In most anglerfish the point of attachment for the male is on the belly, close to the anus, but in H. mollis the attachment site can be anywhere on the head or body, and in one case, a male attached to the female's esca. The males orientate themselves in random directions, and there may be more than one male per female. A papilla, or conical fleshy protuberance, grows at the site of attachment which may assist the male to establish a good grip. The mouth of the male is partially blocked by the papilla, but an opening usually remains at either side which suffices for allowing a flow of water over the gills. As time passes, the male becomes fused to the female and their tissues combine. The male can be considered as a parasite of the female but only about 30% of mature females encountered have an attached male, so many females may never encounter a mate, and remain permanently in a solitary, non-productive state.

References

1. ^ Bailly, Nicolas (2015). "Haplophryne mollis (Brauer, 1902)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
2. ^ "Haplophryne mollis (Brauer, 1902)". FishBase. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
3. Pietsch, Theodore (2009). Oceanic Anglerfishes Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. pp. 155–157. ISBN 978-0-520-25542-5.
4. Pietsch, Theodore W. (2009). Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea. University of California Press. pp. 301–305. ISBN 978-0-520-94255-4.

External links

• [REDACTED] Data related to Haplophryne at Wikispecies
• [REDACTED] Media related to Haplophryne mollis at Wikimedia Commons

• Linophrynidae