| Revision as of 21:58, 10 March 2016 editLithopsian (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers68,673 edits Add starbox← Previous edit | Revision as of 22:08, 10 March 2016 edit undoLithopsian (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers68,673 edits Mass | Assisted by Citation botNext edit → | ||
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| | epoch = J2000.0 | | epoch = J2000.0 | ||
| | constell = ] | | constell = ] | ||
| | ra = {{RA|10|53|59.586}}<ref name=tycho2>{{cite journal|bibcode=2000A&A...355L..27H}}</ref> | | ra = {{RA|10|53|59.586}}<ref name=tycho2>{{cite journal|bibcode=2000A&A...355L..27H|title=The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=355|pages=L27|author1=Høg|first1=E.|last2=Fabricius|first2=C.|last3=Makarov|first3=V. V.|last4=Urban|first4=S.|last5=Corbin|first5=T.|last6=Wycoff|first6=G.|last7=Bastian|first7=U.|last8=Schwekendiek|first8=P.|last9=Wicenec|first9=A.|year=2000}}</ref> | ||
| | dec = {{DEC|−60|26|44.31}}<ref name=tycho2/> | | dec = {{DEC|−60|26|44.31}}<ref name=tycho2/> | ||
| | appmag_v = 10.85<ref name=tycho2/> | | appmag_v = 10.85<ref name=tycho2/> | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
| | b-v = | | b-v = | ||
| | u-b = | | u-b = | ||
| | variable=]<ref name=naze>{{cite journal|bibcode=2012A&A...538A..47N|arxiv=1111.6375}}</ref> | | variable=]<ref name=naze>{{cite journal|bibcode=2012A&A...538A..47N|arxiv=1111.6375|title=The first X-ray survey of Galactic luminous blue variables|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume=538|pages=A47|author1=Nazé|first1=Y.|last2=Rauw|first2=G.|last3=Hutsemékers|first3=D.|year=2012|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201118040}}</ref> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{Starbox astrometry | {{Starbox astrometry | ||
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| | p_error = | | p_error = | ||
| | parallax_footnote = | | parallax_footnote = | ||
| | dist_pc = 8,000<ref name=toala>{{cite journal|bibcode=2015A&A...578A..66T|arxiv=1503.06878}}</ref> | | dist_pc = 8,000<ref name=toala>{{cite journal|bibcode=2015A&A...578A..66T|arxiv=1503.06878|title=WISE morphological study of Wolf-Rayet nebulae|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume=578|pages=A66|author1=Toalá|first1=J. A.|last2=Guerrero|first2=M. A.|last3=Ramos-Larios|first3=G.|last4=Guzmán|first4=V.|year=2015|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201525706}}</ref> | ||
| | absmag_v = −6.71<ref name=wr>{{cite journal|bibcode=2001NewAR..45..135V}}</ref> | | absmag_v = −6.71<ref name=wr>{{cite journal|bibcode=2001NewAR..45..135V|title=The VIIth catalogue of galactic Wolf-Rayet stars|journal=New Astronomy Reviews|volume=45|issue=3|pages=135|author1=Van Der Hucht|first1=Karel A.|year=2001|doi=10.1016/S1387-6473(00)00112-3}}</ref> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{Starbox detail | {{Starbox detail | ||
| | source=<ref name=naze/> | | source=<ref name=naze/> | ||
| | mass = 45<ref name=smith>{{cite journal|bibcode=2015MNRAS.447..598S|arxiv=1406.7431|title=Luminous blue variables are antisocial: Their isolation implies that they are kicked mass gainers in binary evolution|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=447|pages=598|author1=Smith|first1=Nathan|last2=Tombleson|first2=Ryan|year=2015|doi=10.1093/mnras/stu2430}}</ref> | |||
| | mass = | |||
| | radius = | | radius = | ||
| | luminosity = 1,820,000 | | luminosity = 1,820,000 | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
| '''WR 31a''' is a ] in the southern constellation of ] that is surrounded by an expanding optical blue bubble nebula<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2016/hubbles-blue-bubble|title=Hubble's Blue Bubble|work=NASA|accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref> Some media sources have wrongly claimed this deep-sky object was recently discovered by the ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/2841239/hubble-captures-blue-bubble-star-20-times-bigger-a-million-times-brighter-than-sun/|title=Hubble Captures "Blue Bubble' Star - 20 Times Bigger, a Million Times Brighter than the Sun's|work=Inquisitr|accessdate=2 March 2016}}</ref> but this nebula was originally found by ] in 1953 and designated as the ] '''Hf 39'''.<ref name="VizieR">{{cite web|url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?PN%20G288.9-00.8|title=VizieR|work=CDS|accessdate=2 March 2016}}</ref> Other planetary nebula catalogue names included, He 3-319, ESO 128-18, and Wray 15-682.<ref name="VizieR"/> | '''WR 31a''' is a ] in the southern constellation of ] that is surrounded by an expanding optical blue bubble nebula<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2016/hubbles-blue-bubble|title=Hubble's Blue Bubble|work=NASA|accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref> Some media sources have wrongly claimed this deep-sky object was recently discovered by the ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/2841239/hubble-captures-blue-bubble-star-20-times-bigger-a-million-times-brighter-than-sun/|title=Hubble Captures "Blue Bubble' Star - 20 Times Bigger, a Million Times Brighter than the Sun's|work=Inquisitr|accessdate=2 March 2016}}</ref> but this nebula was originally found by ] in 1953 and designated as the ] '''Hf 39'''.<ref name="VizieR">{{cite web|url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?PN%20G288.9-00.8|title=VizieR|work=CDS|accessdate=2 March 2016}}</ref> Other planetary nebula catalogue names included, He 3-319, ESO 128-18, and Wray 15-682.<ref name="VizieR"/> | ||
| Since 2013, the object has been considered not a planetary nebula but rather, an expanding gas shell, formally classified as a ] or WR nebula.<ref name=frew>{{cite journal|doi=10.1093/mnras/sts393|title=A catalogue of integrated Hα fluxes for 1258 Galactic planetary nebulae|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=431|pages=2|year=2013|last1=Frew|first1=D. J.|last2=Bojicic|first2=I. S.|last3=Parker|first3=Q. A.|bibcode=2013MNRAS.431....2F}}</ref> Its observed expansion velocity is 365 km.s<sup>−1</sup>, estimated to be some 2.4 parsecs across.<ref name= |
Since 2013, the object has been considered not a planetary nebula but rather, an expanding gas shell, formally classified as a ] or WR nebula.<ref name=frew>{{cite journal|doi=10.1093/mnras/sts393|title=A catalogue of integrated Hα fluxes for 1258 Galactic planetary nebulae|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=431|pages=2|year=2013|last1=Frew|first1=D. J.|last2=Bojicic|first2=I. S.|last3=Parker|first3=Q. A.|bibcode=2013MNRAS.431....2F}}</ref> Its observed expansion velocity is 365 km.s<sup>−1</sup>, estimated to be some 2.4 parsecs across.<ref name=toala/> | ||
| Its central highly luminous star (TYC 8928-1166-1) is invisible to the naked-eye, shining at 10.85V magnitude,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=WR+31a&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id|title=SIMBAD|work=CDS|accessdate=2 March 2016}}</ref> whose spectral type is WN11h.<ref name= |
Its central highly luminous star (TYC 8928-1166-1) is invisible to the naked-eye, shining at 10.85V magnitude,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=WR+31a&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id|title=SIMBAD|work=CDS|accessdate=2 March 2016}}</ref> whose spectral type is WN11h.<ref name=toala/> Mass of the central star is estimated to be at least 20 times that of the Sun, and it will likely become a ] type II event in the future.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1608a/|title=Blue bubble in Carina|work=NASA|accessdate=2 March 2016}}</ref> Distance is estimated to be about 9,200 parsecs or 30,000 light-years. | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 22:08, 10 March 2016
 WR 31a Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA Acknowledgement: Judy Schmidt | |
| Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Cassiopeia |
| Right ascension | 10 53 59.586 |
| Declination | −60° 26′ 44.31″ |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 10.85 |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | WN11h |
| Variable type | cLBV |
| Astrometry | |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: −3.6 mas/yr Dec.: 4.0 mas/yr |
| Distance | 8,000 pc |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | −6.71 |
| Details | |
| Mass | 45 M☉ |
| Luminosity | 1,820,000 L☉ |
| Temperature | 30,200 K |
| Other designations | |
| WR 31a, Hen 3-519, IRAS 10520-6010, GSC2 S1113013697, 2MASS J10535958-6026444, AAVSO 1050-59 | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
WR 31a is a Wolf-Rayet star in the southern constellation of Carina that is surrounded by an expanding optical blue bubble nebula Some media sources have wrongly claimed this deep-sky object was recently discovered by the Hubble Space Telescope, but this nebula was originally found by Ellen Dorrit Hoffleit in 1953 and designated as the planetary nebula Hf 39. Other planetary nebula catalogue names included, He 3-319, ESO 128-18, and Wray 15-682.
Since 2013, the object has been considered not a planetary nebula but rather, an expanding gas shell, formally classified as a Wolf–Rayet nebula or WR nebula. Its observed expansion velocity is 365 km.s, estimated to be some 2.4 parsecs across.
Its central highly luminous star (TYC 8928-1166-1) is invisible to the naked-eye, shining at 10.85V magnitude, whose spectral type is WN11h. Mass of the central star is estimated to be at least 20 times that of the Sun, and it will likely become a supernova type II event in the future. Distance is estimated to be about 9,200 parsecs or 30,000 light-years.
References
- ^ Høg, E.; Fabricius, C.; Makarov, V. V.; Urban, S.; Corbin, T.; Wycoff, G.; Bastian, U.; Schwekendiek, P.; Wicenec, A. (2000). "The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 355: L27. Bibcode:2000A&A...355L..27H.
- ^ Toalá, J. A.; Guerrero, M. A.; Ramos-Larios, G.; Guzmán, V. (2015). "WISE morphological study of Wolf-Rayet nebulae". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 578: A66. arXiv:1503.06878. Bibcode:2015A&A...578A..66T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525706.
- ^ Nazé, Y.; Rauw, G.; Hutsemékers, D. (2012). "The first X-ray survey of Galactic luminous blue variables". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 538: A47. arXiv:1111.6375. Bibcode:2012A&A...538A..47N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118040.
- Van Der Hucht, Karel A. (2001). "The VIIth catalogue of galactic Wolf-Rayet stars". New Astronomy Reviews. 45 (3): 135. Bibcode:2001NewAR..45..135V. doi:10.1016/S1387-6473(00)00112-3.
- Smith, Nathan; Tombleson, Ryan (2015). "Luminous blue variables are antisocial: Their isolation implies that they are kicked mass gainers in binary evolution". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447: 598. arXiv:1406.7431. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.447..598S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2430.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - "Hubble's Blue Bubble". NASA. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
- "Hubble Captures "Blue Bubble' Star - 20 Times Bigger, a Million Times Brighter than the Sun's". Inquisitr. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ "VizieR". CDS. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- Frew, D. J.; Bojicic, I. S.; Parker, Q. A. (2013). "A catalogue of integrated Hα fluxes for 1258 Galactic planetary nebulae". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 431: 2. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.431....2F. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts393.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - "SIMBAD". CDS. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- "Blue bubble in Carina". NASA. Retrieved 2 March 2016.