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{{Infobox disease | {{Infobox medical condition |
Name = Myopathy | Name = Myopathy |
Image = | Image = |
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'''Myopathy''' is a muscular ]<ref name="urlMyopathy - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary">{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Myopathy |title=Myopathy - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> in which the ]s do not function for any one of many reasons, resulting in ]. "Myopathy" simply means muscle disease (myo- ] μυο "muscle" + pathos ] ] "suffering"). This meaning implies that the primary defect is within the muscle, as opposed to the nerves ("]" or "]" disorders) or elsewhere (e.g., the brain etc.). ]s, ], and ] can also be associated with myopathy. '''Myopathy''' is a muscular ]<ref name="urlMyopathy - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary">{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Myopathy |title=Myopathy - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> in which the ]s do not function for any one of many reasons, resulting in ]. "Myopathy" simply means muscle disease (myo- ] μυο "muscle" + pathos ] ] "suffering"). This meaning implies that the primary defect is within the muscle, as opposed to the nerves ("]" or "]" disorders) or elsewhere (e.g., the brain etc.). ]s, ], and ] can also be associated with myopathy.


''Capture Myopathy,'' or Shock Disease, is a little-studied condition observed in wild animals such as hares and birds that have been captured or handled.{{cn|date=December 2015}} The condition is usually lethal and stress has been identified as the single most determining factor, exacerbated by muscle exertion.{{cn|date=December 2015}} ''Capture Myopathy,'' or Shock Disease, is a little-studied condition observed in wild animals such as hares and birds that have been captured or handled.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} The condition is usually lethal and stress has been identified as the single most determining factor, exacerbated by muscle exertion.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}


'''Muscular disease''' can be classified as ] or ] in nature. Some conditions, such as ], can be considered both neuromuscular and musculoskeletal. '''Muscular disease''' can be classified as ] or ] in nature. Some conditions, such as ], can be considered both neuromuscular and musculoskeletal.
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*See http://neuromuscular.wustl.edu/ for medical descriptions. *See http://neuromuscular.wustl.edu/ for medical descriptions.


{{Medical conditions}}
{{Diseases of myoneural junction and muscle}} {{Diseases of myoneural junction and muscle}}
{{Systemic connective tissue disorders}} {{Systemic connective tissue disorders}}

Revision as of 18:22, 21 March 2016

Medical condition
Myopathy
SpecialtyRheumatology Edit this on Wikidata

Myopathy is a muscular disease in which the muscle fibers do not function for any one of many reasons, resulting in muscular weakness. "Myopathy" simply means muscle disease (myo- Greek μυο "muscle" + pathos -pathy Greek "suffering"). This meaning implies that the primary defect is within the muscle, as opposed to the nerves ("neuropathies" or "neurogenic" disorders) or elsewhere (e.g., the brain etc.). Muscle cramps, stiffness, and spasm can also be associated with myopathy.

Capture Myopathy, or Shock Disease, is a little-studied condition observed in wild animals such as hares and birds that have been captured or handled. The condition is usually lethal and stress has been identified as the single most determining factor, exacerbated by muscle exertion.

Muscular disease can be classified as neuromuscular or musculoskeletal in nature. Some conditions, such as myositis, can be considered both neuromuscular and musculoskeletal.

Signs and symptoms

Common muscle weakness, cramps, stiffness, and tetany.

Systemic diseases

Myopathies in systemic disease results from several different disease processes including endocrine, inflammatory, paraneoplastic, infectious, drug- and toxin-induced, critical illness myopathy, metabolic, collagen related, and myopathies with other systemic disorders. Patients with systemic myopathies often present acutely or sub acutely. On the other hand, familial myopathies or dystrophies generally present in a chronic fashion with exceptions of metabolic myopathies where symptoms on occasion can be precipitated acutely. Most of the inflammatory myopathies can have a chance association with malignant lesions; the incidence appears to be specifically increased only in patients with dermatomyositis.

There are many types of myopathy. ICD-10 codes are provided here where available.

Inherited forms

Acquired

  • (G72.0 - G72.2) External substance induced myopathy
  • (M33.0-M33.1)
    • Dermatomyositis produces muscle weakness and skin changes. The skin rash is reddish and most commonly occurs on the face, especially around the eyes, and over the knuckles and elbows. Ragged nail folds with visible capillaries can be present. It can often be treated by drugs like corticosteroids or immunosuppressants. (M33.2)
    • Polymyositis produces muscle weaknesss. It can often be treated by drugs like corticosteroids or immunosuppressants.
    • Inclusion body myositis is a slowly progressive disease that produces weakness of hand grip and straightening of the knees. No effective treatment is known.
  • (M61) Myositis ossificans
  • (M62.89) Rhabdomyolysis and (R82.1) myoglobinurias

The Food and Drug Administration is recommending that physicians restrict prescribing high-dose Simvastatin (Zocor, Merck) to patients, given an increased risk of muscle damage. The FDA drug safety communication stated that physicians should limit using the 80-mg dose unless the patient has already been taking the drug for 12 months and there is no evidence of myopathy. "Simvastatin 80 mg should not be started in new patients, including patients already taking lower doses of the drug," the agency states.

Differential diagnosis

Myopathies presenting at birth:- None as systemic causes; mainly hereditary

Myopathies presenting in childhood:-

Inflammatory myopathies – dermatomyositis, polymyositis (rarely)

Infectious myopathies

Endocrine and metabolic disorders – hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia

Myopathies presenting in adulthood

Inflammatory myopathies – polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, viral (HIV)

Infectious myopathies

Endocrine myopathies – thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pituitary disorders

Toxic myopathies – alcohol, corticosteroids, narcotics, colchicines, chloroquine

Critical illness myopathy

Metabolic myopathies

Paraneoplastic myopathy

Treatments

Because different types of myopathies are caused by many different pathways, there is no single treatment for myopathy. Treatments range from treatment of the symptoms to very specific cause-targeting treatments. Drug therapy, physical therapy, bracing for support, surgery, and massage are all current treatments for a variety of myopathies.

References

  1. "Myopathy - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary".
  2. Template:Name = Voermans NC1, van Alfen N, Pillen S, Lammens M, Schalkwijk J, Zwarts MJ, van Rooij IA, Hamel BC, van Engelen BG.
  3. Chawla, Jasvinder (2011). "Stepwise Approach to Myopathy in Systemic Disease". Frontiers in Neurology. 2. Front Neurol. 2011; 2: 49: 49. doi:10.3389/fneur.2011.00049. PMC 3153853. PMID 21886637.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. Seene T (July 1994). "Turnover of skeletal muscle contractile proteins in glucocorticoid myopathy". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 50 (1–2): 1–4. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(94)90165-1. PMID 8049126.
  5. Chawla, Myopathy (2011). "Systemic Myopathy". Frontiers in Neurology. 2: 49. doi:10.3389/fneur.2011.00049. PMC 3153853. PMID 21886637.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

External links

Diseases of muscle, neuromuscular junction, and neuromuscular disease
Neuromuscular-
junction disease
Myopathy
Muscular dystrophy
(DAPC)
AD
AR
XR
Other structural
Channelopathy
  • (ion channel)
Myotonia
  • Myotonia congenita
  • Neuromyotonia
  • Paramyotonia congenita
    • Periodic paralysis
    Other
    ATPase disorder
    • (ion pump)
  • Brody disease (ATP2A1)
    • Metabolic myopathy
    Endocrinopathy
    General
    Systemic connective tissue disorders
    General
    Systemic lupus erythematosus
    Inflammatory myopathy
    Scleroderma
    Other hypersensitivity/autoimmune
    Other
    Symptoms and conditions relating to muscle
    Pain
    Inflammation
    Destruction
    Low ATP reservoir
    Abnormal movement
    Other
    Category: