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List of expeditions of Muhammad: Difference between revisions

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The '''List of expeditions of Muhammad''', also includes a '''list of battles by Muhammad's order''' and comprises information about casualties, objectives, and nature of the military expeditions ordered by ], as well as the primary sources which mention the Battles. The '''List of expeditions of Muhammad''', also includes a '''list of battles by Muhammad's order''' and comprises information about casualties, objectives, and nature of the military expeditions ordered by ], as well as the primary sources which mention the Battles.
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! width ="250" | Name ! width ="250" | Name
! width ="100" | Date ! width ="100" | Date
! width ="400" | Muhammad's order and reason for expedition
! width ="200" | Casualties description ! width ="200" | Casualties description
! width ="220" | Notable primary sources ! width ="220" | Notable primary sources
|- |-
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 1 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 1
| ]
| ]
| 623 <ref name="Oxford University Press">{{cite book|authors=]|title=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=2|quote=In the first two or three expeditions the numbers involved are given as from 20 to 80. In those of the later part of 623 (ii-vi/2), however, when Muhammad himself took part, they are said to have ranged up to 200.}} ()</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 127. ()</ref><ref name="Dr. Mosab">{{cite book|last=Hawarey|first=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vJVqNwAACAAJ&dq=9789957051648|isbn=9789957051648|title=The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic)|publisher=Islamic Book Trust |year=2010}}Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available </ref><ref name="Wahhāb p. 345">Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād, p. 345.</ref> | 623 <ref name="Oxford University Press">{{cite book|authors=]|title=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=2|quote=In the first two or three expeditions the numbers involved are given as from 20 to 80. In those of the later part of 623 (ii-vi/2), however, when Muhammad himself took part, they are said to have ranged up to 200.}} ()</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 127. ()</ref><ref name="Dr. Mosab">{{cite book|last=Hawarey|first=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vJVqNwAACAAJ&dq=9789957051648|isbn=9789957051648|title=The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic)|publisher=Islamic Book Trust |year=2010}}Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available </ref><ref name="Wahhāb p. 345">Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād, p. 345.</ref>
| Raid Quraysh caravan to relieve themselves from poverty<ref name="Richard A. Gabriel p. 73">Richard A. Gabriel, Muhammad, Islam's first great general, p. 73.</ref>
| |
*None <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/> *None <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/>
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| ] | ]
| 623 <ref name="Oxford University Press"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/><ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Wahhāb p. 346">Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād, p. 346.</ref> | 623 <ref name="Oxford University Press"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/><ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Wahhāb p. 346">Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād, p. 346.</ref>
| Raid Quraysh caravan to relieve themselves from poverty<ref name="Wahhāb p. 345"/><ref name="Richard A. Gabriel p. 73"/>
| |
*None, caravan left <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/> *None, caravan left <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/>
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| May & June 623 <ref name="Oxford University Press"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/><ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Wahhāb p. 345"/><ref name=autogeneratedy>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=4|quote=august 623 Then occurred the sariyyah of Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqa towards al-Kharar in Dhu al-Qa'dah (May–June 623 AC)}}</ref> | May & June 623 <ref name="Oxford University Press"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/><ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Wahhāb p. 345"/><ref name=autogeneratedy>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=4|quote=august 623 Then occurred the sariyyah of Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqa towards al-Kharar in Dhu al-Qa'dah (May–June 623 AC)}}</ref>
| Attack a Quraysh caravan<ref name="Wahhāb p. 345"/>
| |
*None, caravan left<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/> *None, caravan left<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/>
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| August 623 <ref name=autogeneratedy>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=4|quote=GHAZWAH OF AL-ABWA* Then (occurred) the ghazwah of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, at al-Abwa in Safar (August 623 AC)}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=12|quote=In Safar (which began August 4, 623), nearly twelve months after his arrival in Medina on the twelfth of Rabi' al- Awwal, he went out on a raid as far as Waddan}}</ref> | August 623 <ref name=autogeneratedy>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=4|quote=GHAZWAH OF AL-ABWA* Then (occurred) the ghazwah of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, at al-Abwa in Safar (August 623 AC)}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=12|quote=In Safar (which began August 4, 623), nearly twelve months after his arrival in Medina on the twelfth of Rabi' al- Awwal, he went out on a raid as far as Waddan}}</ref>
| Attack a Quraysh caravan which included camels<ref name="Wahhāb p. 345"/><ref name="autogeneratedy"/>
| |
*Unknown *Unknown
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| October 623 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), , Islamic Publications, p. 118.</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=13|quote=Expeditions Led by Muhammad Then the Messenger of God led an expedition in Rabi' al-Akhir (which began October 2, 623) in search of Quraysh. He went as far as Buwat}}</ref> | October 623 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), , Islamic Publications, p. 118.</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=13|quote=Expeditions Led by Muhammad Then the Messenger of God led an expedition in Rabi' al-Akhir (which began October 2, 623) in search of Quraysh. He went as far as Buwat}}</ref>
| Raid a Quraysh caravan which included 200 camels<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 128">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 128. ()</ref><ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{cite book|authors=] , ], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=285}}</ref>
| |
*None, caravan left <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/> *None, caravan left <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/>
| |
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|42|7149}} *{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|42|7149}}
*] & ] <ref name="books.google.co.uk"/>
*] & ] <ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{cite book|authors=] , ], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=285}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here --> |-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: pink;" | 6 ! style="background: pink;" | 6
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| December 623 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245">{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA245| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=245}}</ref> | December 623 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245">{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA245| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=245}}</ref>
| Attack a Quraysh caravan<ref name="Wahhāb p. 346"/>
| |
*None, caravan left <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 128">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 128. ()</ref><ref name="http">{{cite book|authors=] , ], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=285–286}}</ref> *None, caravan left <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 128"/><ref name="http">{{cite book|authors=] , ], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=285–286}}</ref>
| |
*] & ] <ref name="http"/> *] & ] <ref name="http"/>
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| 623 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245"/> | 623 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245"/>
| To pursue ] who led a small group that looted Muhammad's animals<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 128"/>
| |
*None, enemy escaped <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 128"/> *None, enemy escaped <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 128"/>
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| January 624<ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245"/> | January 624<ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245"/>
| Attack a Quraysh caravan and gather information<ref name="Wahhāb p. 346"/><ref name="online">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.128-131. ()</ref>
| |
*Muslims: 0 Casualties *Muslims: 0 Casualties
*Non-Muslims: 1 killed, 2 captured <ref name="online">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.128-131. ()</ref> *Non-Muslims: 1 killed, 2 captured <ref name="online"/>
| |
*{{Quran-usc|2|217}} <ref>{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA246| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=246}}</ref><ref>Muhammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād, p. 347.</ref> *{{Quran-usc|2|217}} <ref>{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA246| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=246}}</ref><ref>Muhammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād, p. 347.</ref>
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| March 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=12|quote=Some say the Battle of Badr took place on 19 Ramadan (March 15, 624).}}</ref> | March 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=12|quote=Some say the Battle of Badr took place on 19 Ramadan (March 15, 624).}}</ref>
| According to the Muslim scholar ] the purpose was to raid a Quraysh caravan carrying 50,000 gold Dinars guarded by 40 men, and to further the Muslim political, economic and military position.<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 132. ()</ref> The Muslim scholar ] also said the purpose of this battle was to capture Quraysh war booty/spoils and make Islam dominant by raiding the Quraysh Caravan, he claimed Muhammad encouraged the Muslims by saying: "This is the caravan of Quraysh carrying their property, so march forth to intercept it, Allah might make it as war spoils for you".<ref>Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, , p. 386, ISBN 1861797699, MSA Publication Limited, 2009. ()</ref>


| |
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|-<!-- New row starts here --> |-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 10 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 10
| ]{{dubious|Story has no credibility per main page|date=March 2016}} | ]
| January 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|author=] |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref>
| January 624 {{cn|date=March 2016}}
| Kill 'Asma' bint Marwan for opposing Muhammad with poetry and for provoking others to attack him<ref name="Sa'd 1967 35">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=35|quote=SARIYYAH OF `UMAYR IBN `ADI. Then (occurred) the sariyyah of `Umayr ibn `Adi Ibn Kharashah al-Khatmi against `Asma' Bint Marwan, of Banu Umayyah Ibn Zayd, when five nights had remained from the month of Ramadan, in the beginning of the nineteenth month from the hijrah of the apostle of Allah.}}</ref>
| |
*Asma' bint Marwan assassinated<ref name="ReferenceA"/> *Asma' bint Marwan assassinated<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
| |
*] & ] <ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite book|authors=] , ], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=675–676}}</ref> *] & ] <ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite book|authors=] , ], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=675–676}}</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2 <ref name="Sa'd 1967 35"/>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2 <ref name="Sa'd 1967 35">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=35|quote=SARIYYAH OF `UMAYR IBN `ADI. Then (occurred) the sariyyah of `Umayr ibn `Adi Ibn Kharashah al-Khatmi against `Asma' Bint Marwan, of Banu Umayyah Ibn Zayd, when five nights had remained from the month of Ramadan, in the beginning of the nineteenth month from the hijrah of the apostle of Allah.}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here --> |-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 11 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 11
| ] | ]
| February 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|author=] |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref>
| February 624 {{cn|date=March 2016}}
| Kill Abu Afak for opposing Muhammad through poetry<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
| |
*Abu Afak assassinated<ref name="ReferenceB"/> *Abu Afak assassinated<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
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| 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PR13|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=xiii}}</ref> | 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PR13|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=xiii}}</ref>
| Pursue ] for killing 2 Muslims and burning of palm trees<ref name="webcitation.org">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.150-151. ()</ref>
| |
*2 Muslims killed<ref name="webcitation.org">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.150-151. ()</ref> *2 Muslims killed<ref name="webcitation.org"/>
| |
*] & ] <ref>{{cite book|authors=] , ], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=361|quote=Raid called al-Sawiq}}</ref> *] & ] <ref>{{cite book|authors=] , ], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=361|quote=Raid called al-Sawiq}}</ref>
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| February 624 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), , Islamic Publications, p. 254.</ref> | February 624 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), , Islamic Publications, p. 254.</ref>
| Attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking the treaty known as the ]<ref name = "Watt 1956">{{citation | last = Watt | title = Muhammad at Medina | year = 1956| page=209}}.</ref> by pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which lead to her being stripped naked<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.149-150">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.149-150. ()</ref>
| |
*Unknown, some revenge killings<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.149-150">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.149-150. ()</ref> *Unknown, some revenge killings<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.149-150"/>
| |
*{{Quran-usc|8|58}},<ref>{{citation | title= Al-Tawḥīd | volume = 5 | url =https://books.google.com/books?ei=gqIVTsfPE4i58gPsotUP&ct=result&id=7MfXAAAAMAAJ&dq=band|author= Sāzmān-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī | place = Tehran, Iran |year=1987|publisher=Islamic Propagation Organization, International Relations Dept|page=86}}</ref> {{Quran-usc|3|118}},<ref>{{citation | title = The Koran| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=h-pqPwAACAAJ&dq | authorlink = John Medows Rodwell | first = JM | last = Rodwell |publisher= Phoenix|page= 342|isbn= 978-1-8421-2609-7 | quote = This was the taunt of the jews of the tribe of Kainoka, when Muhammad demanded tribute of them in the name of God.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Abū Khalīl| first = Shawqī | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8BziirH6UKMC&pg=PA248 | title = Atlas of the Quran | publisher = Dar-us-Salam |year=2003|isbn= 978-9-9608-9754-7 | page = 248}}()</ref> {{Quran-usc|3|12}}, {{Quran-usc|3|13}}<ref>{{cite book|authors=Francis E. Peters|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KnAO36Jh6bMC&pg=PA78 |title=A Reader on classical Islam|publisher=Princeton University Press|year= 1993|isbn= 978-0691000404|page= 78}}</ref> *{{Quran-usc|8|58}},<ref>{{citation | title= Al-Tawḥīd | volume = 5 | url =https://books.google.com/books?ei=gqIVTsfPE4i58gPsotUP&ct=result&id=7MfXAAAAMAAJ&dq=band|author= Sāzmān-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī | place = Tehran, Iran |year=1987|publisher=Islamic Propagation Organization, International Relations Dept|page=86}}</ref> {{Quran-usc|3|118}},<ref>{{citation | title = The Koran| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=h-pqPwAACAAJ&dq | authorlink = John Medows Rodwell | first = JM | last = Rodwell |publisher= Phoenix|page= 342|isbn= 978-1-8421-2609-7 | quote = This was the taunt of the jews of the tribe of Kainoka, when Muhammad demanded tribute of them in the name of God.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Abū Khalīl| first = Shawqī | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8BziirH6UKMC&pg=PA248 | title = Atlas of the Quran | publisher = Dar-us-Salam |year=2003|isbn= 978-9-9608-9754-7 | page = 248}}()</ref> {{Quran-usc|3|12}}, {{Quran-usc|3|13}}<ref>{{cite book|authors=Francis E. Peters|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KnAO36Jh6bMC&pg=PA78 |title=A Reader on classical Islam|publisher=Princeton University Press|year= 1993|isbn= 978-0691000404|page= 78}}</ref>
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! style="background: pink;" | 14 ! style="background: pink;" | 14
| ] | ]
| May 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|author=]|year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=140}}</ref>
| May 624 {{cn|date=March 2016}}
| Surprise attack on the Banu Salim tribe for allegedly plotting to attack Medina<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 147. ()</ref>
| |
*Unknown *Unknown
Line 168: Line 183:
| September 624 <ref name="Tabari 2008 100">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA100|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=100}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|authors=]|title=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=17}} ()</ref> | September 624 <ref name="Tabari 2008 100">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA100|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=100}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|authors=]|title=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=17}} ()</ref>
| Raid the Banu Muharib and Banu Talabah tribes after he received intelligence that they were allegedly going to raid the outskirts of ]<ref name="Strauch 2006 472">{{citation|title=Biography of the Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8bbHTcRV5kC&pg=PA472|first=Sameh|last=Strauch|year=2006|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=9789960980324|page=472}}</ref>
| |
*1 captured by Muslims<ref name="Strauch 2006 472">{{citation|title=Biography of the Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8bbHTcRV5kC&pg=PA472|first=Sameh|last=Strauch|year=2006|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=9789960980324|page=472}}</ref> *1 captured by Muslims<ref name="Strauch 2006 472"/>
| |
*{{Cite quran|5|11}}<ref name="Strauch 2006 472"/> *{{Cite quran|5|11}}<ref name="Strauch 2006 472"/>
Line 179: Line 195:
| September 624 <ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=35|quote=SARIYYAH FOR SLAYING KA'B IBN AL-ASHRAF Then (occurred) the sariyyah for slaying Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf, the Jew. It took place on 14 Rabi' al-Awwal (4. September AC 624))}}</ref> | September 624 <ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=35|quote=SARIYYAH FOR SLAYING KA'B IBN AL-ASHRAF Then (occurred) the sariyyah for slaying Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf, the Jew. It took place on 14 Rabi' al-Awwal (4. September AC 624))}}</ref>
| According to ], Muhammad ordered his followers to kill Ka'b because he "had gone to Mecca after Badr and inveighed against Muhammad. He also composed verses in which he bewailed the victims of Quraysh who had been killed at Badr. Shortly afterwards he returned to Medina and composed amatory verses of an insulting nature about the Muslim women".<ref>Uri Rubin, The Assassination of Kaʿb b. al-Ashraf, Oriens, Vol. 32. (1990), pp. 65-71.</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.151-153">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.151-153. ()</ref>
| |
*Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf assassinated<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.151-153">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.151-153. ()</ref> *Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf assassinated<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.151-153"/>
| |
*{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|369}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|19|4436}} *{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|369}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|19|4436}}
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| 624 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 153. ()</ref> | 624 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 153. ()</ref>
| Raid the Banu Sulaym tribe,<ref>{{cite book|authors=]|title=]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=17}} ()</ref> no reason given in primary sources ( Possibly a continuation of the previous war)
| |
*None <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153"/> *None <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153"/>
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| 624 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153"/> | 624 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153"/>
| Intercept and capture Quraysh caravan and its goods<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153"/>
| |
*3 captured by Muslims(including guide) <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153"/> *3 captured by Muslims(including guide) <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153"/>
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 19 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 19
| ] | ]
| December 624 <ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 14
| December 624 {{cn|date=March 2016}}
</ref>
| Kill Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq for mocking Muhammad with his poetry and for helping the troops of the Confederates by providing them with money and supplies<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 204">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 204. ()</ref>
| |
*Abu Rafi assassinated<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 204">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 204. ()</ref> *Abu Rafi assassinated<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 204"/>
| |
*{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|4|52|264}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|370}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|371}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|372}} and more <ref>{{citation|title=The Sealed Nectar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&printsec=frontcover| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|page=204}}</ref> *{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|4|52|264}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|370}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|371}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|372}} and more <ref>{{citation|title=The Sealed Nectar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&printsec=frontcover| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|page=204}}</ref>
Line 218: Line 240:
| March 23 625 <ref name="WattProphetStatesman">{{citation|title=Muhammad, Prophet and Statesman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zLN2hNidLw4C&dq| author=]|year=1961|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=135|isbn=0198810784|quote=The Battle of Uhud (23rd March 625) About...}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=105|quote=Messenger of God to Uhud. This is said to have been on Saturday, 7 Shaw- wal, in Year Three of the Hijrah (March 23, 625).}}</ref> | March 23 625 <ref name="WattProphetStatesman">{{citation|title=Muhammad, Prophet and Statesman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zLN2hNidLw4C&dq| author=]|year=1961|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=135|isbn=0198810784|quote=The Battle of Uhud (23rd March 625) About...}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=105|quote=Messenger of God to Uhud. This is said to have been on Saturday, 7 Shaw- wal, in Year Three of the Hijrah (March 23, 625).}}</ref>
| Defend against Quraysh attack<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 181">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 181. ()</ref>
| |
*Muslims: 70 killed *Muslims: 70 killed
*Non-Muslims: 22 or 37 Killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 181">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 181. ()</ref> *Non-Muslims: 22 or 37 Killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 181"/>
| |
*{{Cite quran|8|36}},<ref>Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 292.</ref> {{Cite quran|3|122}}, {{Cite quran|3|167}} <ref>Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , pp. 299-300.</ref> *{{Cite quran|8|36}},<ref>Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 292.</ref> {{Cite quran|3|122}}, {{Cite quran|3|167}} <ref>Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , pp. 299-300.</ref>
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| March 625<ref name="Muhammad at Medina">{{cite book|authors=]|title=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=34|quote=The expeditions to Hamra' al-Asad and Qatan (March and June 625)}} ()</ref> | March 625<ref name="Muhammad at Medina">{{cite book|authors=]|title=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=34|quote=The expeditions to Hamra' al-Asad and Qatan (March and June 625)}} ()</ref>
| Prevent Quraysh attack on weakened Muslim army<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 181-183">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 181-183. ()</ref>
| |
*Muslims: 2 spies killed *Muslims: 2 spies killed
*Non-Muslims: 3 beheaded, 3 captured<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 181-183">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 181-183. ()</ref> *Non-Muslims: 3 beheaded, 3 captured<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 181-183"/>
| |
*{{Cite quran|3|172}},<ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'4-93">{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 4 (Part 4): Al-I-Imran 93 to An-Nisaa 23 2nd Edition|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7HbuNwN9Jk0C&pg=PA89| author=], Saed Abdul-Rahman |year=2009|publisher= MSA Publication Limited |pages=89|isbn= 9781861796820}}()</ref><ref name="Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume translator 2005 461–464">{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah)|author= Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume (translator)|isbn= 978-0-19-636033-1 |year=2005|publisher= Oxford University Press|year=2002|pages=461–464}}</ref><ref name="Peters223">Peters, ''Muhammad and the Origins of Islam'', p. 222-224.</ref><ref name="Stillman140">Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 137-141.</ref> {{Cite quran|3|173}}, {{Cite quran|3|174}}<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 181-183"/> *{{Cite quran|3|172}},<ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'4-93">{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 4 (Part 4): Al-I-Imran 93 to An-Nisaa 23 2nd Edition|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7HbuNwN9Jk0C&pg=PA89| author=], Saed Abdul-Rahman |year=2009|publisher= MSA Publication Limited |pages=89|isbn= 9781861796820}}()</ref><ref name="Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume translator 2005 461–464">{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah)|author= Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume (translator)|isbn= 978-0-19-636033-1 |year=2005|publisher= Oxford University Press|year=2002|pages=461–464}}</ref><ref name="Peters223">Peters, ''Muhammad and the Origins of Islam'', p. 222-224.</ref><ref name="Stillman140">Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 137-141.</ref> {{Cite quran|3|173}}, {{Cite quran|3|174}}<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 181-183"/>
Line 241: Line 265:
| June 625 <ref name="Muhammad at Medina"/> | June 625 <ref name="Muhammad at Medina"/>
| Attack Banu Asad bin Khuzaymah tribe after receiving intelligence that they were allegedly plotting to attack Medina<ref>Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 349.</ref>
| |
*3 captured by Muslims<ref name="Sa'd 1967 150">{{cite book | last =Sa'd|first= Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q=Qaynuqa|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir | volume =2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=150}}</ref> *3 captured by Muslims<ref name="Sa'd 1967 150">{{cite book | last =Sa'd|first= Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q=Qaynuqa|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir | volume =2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=150}}</ref>
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| 625 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 186-187. ()</ref> | 625 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 186-187. ()</ref>
| Kill Khalid bin Sufyan, because there were reports he considered an attack on Madinah and that he was inciting the people on Nakhla or Uranah to fight Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187"/>
| |
*Khalid ibn Sufyan assassinated<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187"/> *Khalid ibn Sufyan assassinated<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187"/>
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| 625 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 187">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 187. ()</ref> | 625 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 187">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 187. ()</ref>
| Some men requested that Muhammad send instructors to teach them Islam,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 187"/> but the men were bribed by the two tribes of Khuzaymah who wanted revenge for the ] by Muhammad's followers.<ref name="archive.org">{{cite book|authors=]|title=]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=33|quote=The common version, however, is that B. Lihyan wanted to avenge the assassination of their chief at Muhammad's instigation, and bribed two clans of the tribe of Khuzaymah to say they wanted to become Muslims and ask Muhammad to send instructors.}} ()</ref> According to ], the seven men Muhammad sent may have been spies for Muhammad and instructors for Arab tribes.<ref>{{cite book|authors=]|title=]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0-19-577307-1|page=33|quote=The common version, however, is that B. Lihyan wanted to avenge the assassination of their chief at Muhammad's instigation, and bribed two clans of the tribe of Khuzaymah to say they wanted to become Muslims and ask Muhammad to send instructors.}} ()</ref> Watt's claim that they were spies and not missionaries is mentioned in the Sunni hadith collection ] <ref>Kailtyn Chick, , p. 338, Hamlet Book Publishing , 2013</ref>


| |
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| 627 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242">{{cite book|last=Abū Khalīl|first=Shawqī |title=|publisher= Dar-us-Salam|year=2003|isbn=978-9960897547|page=242}}()</ref> | 627 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242">{{cite book|last=Abū Khalīl|first=Shawqī |title=|publisher= Dar-us-Salam|year=2003|isbn=978-9960897547|page=242}}()</ref>
| Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri sent to assassinate ]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 211">Mubarakpuri, , p. 211.</ref> to avenge ].<ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA147|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-88706-344-2|page=147}}</ref> According to the Muslim scholar ], the Quraysh ordered Khubyab bin Adi to be crucified by ] during the ] because he had killed ]'s father.<ref>Mubarakpuri, , pp. 350-351.</ref>
| |
*3 polytheists killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 211">Mubarakpuri, , p. 211.</ref> *3 polytheists killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 211"/>
*1 captured<ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA149|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-88706-344-2|pages=149–150}}</ref> *1 captured<ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA149|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-88706-344-2|pages=149–150}}</ref>
| |
Line 286: Line 314:
| July 625 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA151|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=151|quote=Then in Safar (which began July 13, 625), four months after Uhud, he sent out the men of Bi'r Ma'unah}}</ref> | July 625 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA151|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=151|quote=Then in Safar (which began July 13, 625), four months after Uhud, he sent out the men of Bi'r Ma'unah}}</ref>
| Muhammad sends Missionaries at request of some men from the Banu Amir tribe,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 188">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 188. ()</ref> but the Muslims are killed as revenge for the ] by Muhammad's followers<ref name="archive.org"/>
| |
*Muslims: 70 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 188">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 188. ()</ref> *Muslims: 70 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 188"/>
*Non-Muslims: 2 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 188"/> *Non-Muslims: 2 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 188"/>
| |
Line 298: Line 327:
| August 625 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA161|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=161|quote=The Messenger of God remained in Medina after the expedition against the Banu al-Nadir for the two months of Rabi' and part of the month of Jumada (from August 1 1 to late October, 625)}}</ref> | August 625 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA161|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=161|quote=The Messenger of God remained in Medina after the expedition against the Banu al-Nadir for the two months of Rabi' and part of the month of Jumada (from August 1 1 to late October, 625)}}</ref>
| Muslim scholars (like Mubarakpuri) claim, the Banu Nadir were attacked because the ] told Muhammad that some of the Banu Nadir wanted to assassinate him.<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 189">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 189. ()</ref> ] contends it was in response to the tribe’s criticism of Muhammad and doubts they wanted to assassinate Muhammad. He says "it is possible that the allegation was no more than an excuse to justify the attack".<ref name="Tabari 2008 xxxv">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PR35|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=xxxv|quote=The main underlying reason for the expulsion of the clan of al-Nadir was the same as in the case of Quaynuqa, namely, that Jewish criticisms endangered the ordinary Muslim's belief in Muhammad's prophethood and in the Quran as revelation from God.}}</ref>
| |
*Unknown *Unknown
| |
*] chapter 59, and {{Cite quran|2|256}}<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 189">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 189. ()</ref> *] chapter 59, and {{Cite quran|2|256}}<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 189"/>
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2676}}<ref>{{cite book|authors=Vesselin Popovski, Gregory M. Reichberg, Nicholas Turner|title=World religions and norms of war|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0gPXAAAAMAAJ&q|year=2009|page=296|publisher=United Nations University Press|isbn=9789280811636}}</ref> *{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2676}}<ref>{{cite book|authors=Vesselin Popovski, Gregory M. Reichberg, Nicholas Turner|title=World religions and norms of war|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0gPXAAAAMAAJ&q|year=2009|page=296|publisher=United Nations University Press|isbn=9789280811636}}</ref>
*{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|3|39|519}} *{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|3|39|519}}
Line 311: Line 341:
| October 625<ref name="Tabari 2008 161">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA161|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=161}}</ref> or 627<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 192"/> | October 625<ref name="Tabari 2008 161">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA161|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=161}}</ref> or 627<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 192"/>
| Attack the Banu Ghatafan tribe, because he received news that they were assembling at Dhat al-Riqa with a suspicious purpose<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 192"/>
| |
*Many women captured by Muslims<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=74}}</ref> *Many women captured by Muslims<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=74}}</ref>
| |
*] 4:101 and 5:11<ref>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA223| first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|year=1861|page=224}}</ref>
*] 4:101 and 5:11{{cn|date=March 2016}}
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|4|1830}} *{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|4|1830}}
*], Volume 7, The foundation of the community<ref name="Tabari 2008 161"/> *], Volume 7, The foundation of the community<ref name="Tabari 2008 161"/>
Line 320: Line 351:
! style="background: pink;" | 29 ! style="background: pink;" | 29
| ] | ]
| January 626<ref name="Dr. Mosab"/> or March 625<ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/> | January 626<ref name="Dr. Mosab"/> or March 625<ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/><ref name=autogeneratedwil>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA220| first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|year=1861|pages=220–222}}</ref>
| Attack the Quraysh led by Abu Sufyan, both sides were preparing to fight each other again at Badr<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 193">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 193. ()</ref>
| |
*None, enemy flees<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 193">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 193. ()</ref> *None, enemy flees<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 193"/>
| |
*] 3:173-176<ref>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA222| first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|year=1861|pages=222}} See footnote</ref>
*] 3:173-176{{cn|date=March 2016}}
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|627}} *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|627}}
*] & ]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 193"/> *] & ]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 193"/>
Line 330: Line 363:
! style="background: pink;" | 30 ! style="background: pink;" | 30
| ] | ]
| July 626 <ref name=autogenerated2>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA225| first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|year=1861|pages=225–226}}</ref>
| July 626 {{cn|date=March 2016}}
| Invade Duma, because Muhammad received intelligence that some tribes there were involved in highway robbery and preparing to attack Medina itself<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 193-194">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 193-194. ()</ref>
| |
*None, Ghatafan tribe flees<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 193-194">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 193-194. ()</ref> *None, Ghatafan tribe flees<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 193-194"/>
| |
*] & ] <ref>{{cite book|authors=] , ], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=657}}</ref> *] & ] <ref>{{cite book|authors=] , ], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=657}}</ref>
Line 342: Line 376:
| February 627 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), , Islamic Publications, p. 216.</ref> | February 627 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), , Islamic Publications, p. 216.</ref>
| Muhammad orders Muslims to defend Medina from attack, after Banu Nadir and Banu Qaynuqa tribes form an alliance with the Quraysh to attack him as revenge for expelling them from Medina.<ref name="Sa'd 1967 82–84">{{cite book | last =Sa'd|first= Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q=jandal|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir | volume =2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=82–84}}</ref><ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 196-198. ()</ref> The Muslim scholar ] states: "The reason why the Confederates came was that a group of the leaders of the Jews of Banu Nadir, whom the Messenger of Allah had ] from Al-Madinah to Khaybar, including Sallam bin Abu Al-Huqayq, Sallam bin Mishkam and Kinanah bin Ar-Rabi`, went to Makkah where they met with the leaders of Quraysh and incited them to make war against the Prophet" <ref>Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, , p. 122, MSA Publication Limited, 2009, ISBN 1861797338. ()</ref>


| |
Line 350: Line 385:
*] , {{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|31|4940}} and more *] , {{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|31|4940}} and more
*] & ]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 196-198"/> *] & ]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 196-198"/>
*], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 82–84">{{cite book | last =Sa'd|first= Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q=jandal|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir | volume =2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=82–84}}</ref> *], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 82–84"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here --> |-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: pink;" | 32 ! style="background: pink;" | 32
| ] | ]
| February–March 627 <ref name="The life of Mahomet">{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| author=]|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9780766177413|page=317}}</ref>
| February–March 627 {{cn|date=March 2016}}
|
Attack Banu Qurayza because according to Muslim tradition he had been ordered to do so by the angel ].<ref name="Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume translator 2005 461–464"/><ref name="Peters223">Peters, ''Muhammad and the Origins of Islam'', p. 222-224.</ref><ref name="Stillman140">Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 137-141.</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 201-205">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 201-205. ()</ref><ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21">{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jAHs9Wboz4gC&pg=PA213| author=], Saed Abdul-Rahman |year=2009|publisher= MSA Publication Limited |pages=213|isbn= 9781861796110}}()</ref><ref name="Inamdar">{{citation|title=Muhammad and the Rise of Islam: The Creation of Group Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNDXAAAAMAAJ&q|author=Subhash C. Inamdar|year=2001|publisher=Psychosocial Press|isbn=1887841288|page=166 (footnotes)}}</ref> ] claims Muhammad had a treaty with the tribe which was torn apart. ] and Watt deny the authenticity of al-Waqidi.<ref name="Stillman14-16">Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 14-16.</ref> Al-Waqidi has been frequently criticized by Muslim writers, who claim that he is unreliable.<ref>], section on "Muhammad"</ref><ref name="Kurayza">Watt, '']'', Section on "Kurayza, Banu".</ref>
| |
*Muslims: 2 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 201-205">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 201-205. ()</ref> *Muslims: 2 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 201-205"/>
*Non-Muslims: *Non-Muslims:
#600-900 beheaded (Tabari, Ibn Hisham)<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 201-205"/><ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21">{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jAHs9Wboz4gC&pg=PA213| author=], Saed Abdul-Rahman |year=2009|publisher= MSA Publication Limited |pages=213|isbn= 9781861796110}}()</ref><ref>{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA201| author=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504 #600-900 beheaded (Tabari, Ibn Hisham)<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 201-205"/><ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21"/><ref>{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA201| author=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504
|pages=35–36}}</ref> |pages=35–36}}</ref>
#All Males and 1 woman beheaded (Sunni Hadith)<ref>{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2665}}</ref><ref>{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|4|52|280}}</ref> #All Males and 1 woman beheaded (Sunni Hadith)<ref>{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2665}}</ref><ref>{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|4|52|280}}</ref>
Line 373: Line 411:
ghazawa t but no booty was obtained from them. Of the 18 saraya, during this year only seven yielded any monetary or material benefits to the Muslims The very first expedition of the year i.e. Muhammad b. Maslamah's expedition..."</ref> ghazawa t but no booty was obtained from them. Of the 18 saraya, during this year only seven yielded any monetary or material benefits to the Muslims The very first expedition of the year i.e. Muhammad b. Maslamah's expedition..."</ref>
| Attack Bani Bakr sept for booty/spoils<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 204. ()</ref><ref name="Sa'd 1967 96">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq=qurata|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=96}}</ref><ref name="Maghazi p. 534-535">], Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, p. 534-535.</ref>
| |
*10 killed, 1 captured by Muslims<ref name="Sa'd 1967 96">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq=qurata|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=96}}</ref><ref name="Maghazi p. 534-535">], Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, p. 534-535.</ref> *10 killed, 1 captured by Muslims<ref name="Sa'd 1967 96"/><ref name="Maghazi p. 534-535"/>
| |
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|19|4361}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|658}} *{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|19|4361}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|658}}
Line 383: Line 422:
| 627 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 205">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 205. ()</ref> | 627 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 205">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 205. ()</ref>
| Attack Banu Assad bin Qhuzayma tribe to capture booty/spoils<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 205"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 104">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=104|quote=Then occurred the sariyyah of 'Ukkashah Ibn Mihsan al-Asadl on al-Ghamr.}}</ref>
| |
*None, Banu Asad tribe flees<ref name="ReferenceC">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 205. ()</ref> *None, Banu Asad tribe flees<ref name="ReferenceC">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 205. ()</ref>
| |
*], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 104"/>
*], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 104">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=104|quote=Then occurred the sariyyah of 'Ukkashah Ibn Mihsan al-Asadl on al-Ghamr.}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here --> |-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 35 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 35
Line 392: Line 432:
| August 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/><ref name=tabari08>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA119|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=119}}</ref> | August 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/><ref name=tabari08>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA119|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=119}}</ref>
| Attack the Banu Thalabah tribe, because he suspected they would be tempted to steal his camels<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
| |
*9 Muslims killed<ref name="ReferenceC"/> *9 Muslims killed<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
Line 401: Line 442:
| August 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/><ref name="tabari08"/> | August 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/><ref name="tabari08"/>
| Attack the Banu Thalabah tribe, as revenge for the ] on them in which 9 Muslims died<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
| |
*1 injured man captured by Muslims<ref name="ReferenceC"/> *1 injured man captured by Muslims<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
Line 411: Line 453:
| September 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/> | September 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/>
| Attack the Banu Lahyan tribe to get revenge for the killing of 10 Muslims in the ]<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
| |
*None, Banu Lahyan tribe flees<ref name="ReferenceC"/> *None, Banu Lahyan tribe flees<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
Line 422: Line 465:
627<ref name="Sa'd 1967 99">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=99}}</ref> 627<ref name="Sa'd 1967 99">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=99}}</ref>
| Initially no orders given by Muhammad, Amr ibn al-Akwa pursues Uyanah bin Hisn Al-Fazari after seeing him seize 20 of Muhammad's camels while calling for help.<ref name="Sa'd 1967 99"/> Muhammad then heard the calls and sent reinforcements.<ref>Muhammad Husayn Haykal, , p. 351, Islamic Book Trust</ref>
| |
*1 Muslim shepherd killed, and his wife captured<ref name="Sa'd 1967 99"/> *1 Muslim shepherd killed, and his wife captured<ref name="Sa'd 1967 99"/>
Line 432: Line 476:
| September 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/> | September 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/>
| To attack a group of men led by Uyanah bin Hisn Al-Fazari, who raided the outskirts of the Medina; and seized 20 of Muhammad's milch camels<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 231. ()</ref>
| |
*Muslims: 4 killed *Muslims: 4 killed
Line 442: Line 487:
| ] | ]
| 627 <ref name="ReferenceC"/> | 627 <ref name="ReferenceC"/>
| To raid al-Jumum and capture booty/spoils<ref>{{citation|title=The Life of Muḥammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bsXXAAAAMAAJ&q|author=Uri Rubin|year=1998|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=9780860787037|page=223|quote=Haritha on the raid to al-Jamum and Zayd obtained goats and sheep and captured a group of unbelievers...}}</ref>
| |
*Some captured by Muslims<ref name="ReferenceC"/> *Some captured by Muslims<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
Line 450: Line 497:
| ] | ]
| September 627 <ref>{{cite book|authors=]|title=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=96|quote=One was a little-known expedition about September 627 }} ()</ref> | September 627 <ref>{{cite book|authors=]|title=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=96|quote=One was a little-known expedition about September 627 }} ()</ref>
|
*Many captured by Muslims<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 107">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=107}}</ref> | Attack Quraysh caravan and loot their camels<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 107">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=107}}</ref>
|
*Many captured by Muslims<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 107"/>
| |
*], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 107"/> *], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 107"/>
Line 458: Line 507:
| ] | ]
| 627 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/> | 627 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/>
|
*None, Banu Thalabah tribe flees<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 206">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 206. ()</ref> | To raid Banu Thalabah and capture their camels as booty<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 206">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 206. ()</ref>
|
*None, Banu Thalabah tribe flees<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 206"/>
| |
*], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=107|quote=Sariyyah of Zayd ibn Haritha towards al-Taraf}}</ref> *], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=107|quote=Sariyyah of Zayd ibn Haritha towards al-Taraf}}</ref>
Line 466: Line 517:
| ] | ]
| October 627 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/> | October 627 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/>
|
*Heavy casualties inflicted, 100 women and boys captured by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 226">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 226. ()</ref> | Attack robbers who attacked Muhammad's envoy, Dhiyah bin Khalifah al-Kalbi<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 226">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 226. ()</ref>
|
*Heavy casualties inflicted, 100 women and boys captured by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 226"/>
| |
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|2|52|191}} *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|2|52|191}}
Line 474: Line 527:
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 44 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 44
| ] | ]
| December 627 <ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, pp. 12-13.
| December 627 {{cn|date=March 2016}}
</ref>
| Survey the area and to monitor the movements of the enemies of Muhammad<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 206"/>
| |
*9 Muslims killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 206"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 109">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=109|quote=Sariyyah of Zayd ibn Haritha towards Wadi al-Qura}}</ref> *9 Muslims killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 206"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 109">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=109|quote=Sariyyah of Zayd ibn Haritha towards Wadi al-Qura}}</ref>
Line 483: Line 539:
| ] | ]
| December 627 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/> | December 627 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/>
|
| Attack Banu Mustaliq because Muhammad received some rumours that the Banu Mustaliq were preparing to attack him.<ref>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira: with introductory chapters on the original sources for the biography of Mahomet and on the pre-Islamite history of Arabia, Volume 3 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LMkUAAAAYAAJ&pg=front |author= Sir ]|year=1861|publisher= Smith, Elder & Co|pages=237}} ()</ref> The Banu Mustaliq also believed that Muhammad was preparing to attack them, both sides sent spies to confirm the reports, but the Banu Mustaliq spy was killed by Muslims, and then Muhammad told his followers to prepare for war<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 207-209">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 207-209. ()</ref>
|
*Muslims: 1 killed <br>(friendly fire) *Muslims: 1 killed <br>(friendly fire)
*Non-Muslims: 10 killed, 200 families taken captive<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 207-209">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 207-209. ()</ref> *Non-Muslims: 10 killed, 200 families taken captive<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 207-209"/><ref>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| author=]|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9780766177413|page=310}} ()</ref>
| |
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|76|1|422}} *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|76|1|422}}
Line 495: Line 553:
| December 627 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/> | December 627 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/>
| 700 men sent to get the Christian king Al-Asbagh and his people to convert to Islam within 3 days or pay ]<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. ()</ref><ref>{{cite book|authors=] , ], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=672|quote=}}</ref>
| |
*None<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. ()</ref> *None<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. ()</ref>
Line 502: Line 561:
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 47 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 47
| ] | ]
| 627 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/> | 627 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/>
|
| Attack the Bani Sa‘d bin Bakr tribe, because Muhammad received intelligence they were planning to help the Jews of Khaybar<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. ()</ref>
|
*1 captured by Muslims, rest of tribe flees<ref name="Sa'd 1967 110">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=110|quote=SARIYYAH OF 'ALI IBN ABl TALIB AGAINST BANU SA'D IBN BAKR AT FADAK}}</ref> *1 captured by Muslims, rest of tribe flees<ref name="Sa'd 1967 110">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=110|quote=SARIYYAH OF 'ALI IBN ABl TALIB AGAINST BANU SA'D IBN BAKR AT FADAK}}</ref>
| |
Line 511: Line 572:
| ] | ]
| January 628 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/> | January 628 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/>
|
| Raid the inhabitants of Wadi al-Qura for revenge, because a number of Muslims were killed when they tried to raid the inhabitants previously, but failed<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. ()</ref>
|
*30 horsemen,<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. ()</ref> and 1 women killed by Muslims<ref name="Volume 8, Victory of Islam">{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| author=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504 *30 horsemen,<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. ()</ref> and 1 women killed by Muslims<ref name="Volume 8, Victory of Islam">{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| author=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504
|pages=95–97}}</ref> |pages=95–97}}</ref>
Line 522: Line 585:
| ] | ]
| February 628 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/> | February 628 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/>
| Capture 8 men who came to him to convert to Islam, but then killed one Muslim and drove off with Muhammad's camels<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, pp. 18-19.</ref>
| |
*Muslims: 1 killed *Muslims: 1 killed
*Non-Muslims: 8 tortured to death<ref>{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|1|4|234}}</ref> *Non-Muslims: 8 tortured to death<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19"/><ref>{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|1|4|234}}</ref>
| |
*] 5:33-39<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19"/><ref>, and </ref>
*] 5:33-39{{cn|date=March 2016}}
*{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|1|4|234}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|505}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|7|71|623}} and more *{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|1|4|234}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|505}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|7|71|623}} and more
|-<!-- New row starts here --> |-<!-- New row starts here -->
Line 532: Line 597:
| ] | ]
| February 628 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/> | February 628 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/>
| Kill Al-Yusayr ibn Rizam because Muhammad heard that his group was preparing to attack him<ref name="William Muir p. 17">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 17</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 241. ()</ref>
| |
*30 killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 241. ()</ref> *30 killed by Muslims<ref name="William Muir p. 17"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/>
| |
*] no. 3923,<ref>, see no. 3923, p. 182.</ref> ] 2:1966 <ref>Nasiruddin Khattab, , Darussalam, 2012, ISBN 6035001076 () ()</ref> *] no. 3923,<ref>, see no. 3923, p. 182.</ref> ] 2:1966 <ref>Nasiruddin Khattab, , Darussalam, 2012, ISBN 6035001076 () ()</ref>
Line 541: Line 608:
| ] | ]
| March 628 <ref>Emory C. Bogle (1998), , University of Texas Press, p. 19.</ref> | March 628 <ref>Emory C. Bogle (1998), , University of Texas Press, p. 19.</ref>
| March to ] to perform the lesser pilgrimage (Umrah)<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 214-215">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 214-215.</ref>
| |
*None *None
| |
*{{Quran-usc|48|24}}, {{Quran-usc|48|18}} <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 214-215">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 214-215.</ref> *{{Quran-usc|48|24}}, {{Quran-usc|48|18}} <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 214-215"/>
*], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=211}}</ref> *], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=211}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here --> |-<!-- New row starts here -->
Line 550: Line 619:
| ] | ]
| May 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 180">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA180|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=180}}()</ref> | May 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 180">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA180|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=180}}()</ref>
| To force the Jews of Fidak to surrender their properties and wealth (accepting his terms) or be attacked<ref name="Muhammad Husayn Haykal p. 338"/>
| |
*None *None
Line 560: Line 631:
| ''']''' | ''']'''
| May/June 628 <ref>{{cite book|authors=]|title=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=2|quote=Muhammad had thus a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. The moment he chose for the attack May /June 628 (i/y) shortly after his return from the expedition of al-Hudaybiyah was one when it was also convenient for him to have booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed.}} ()</ref> | May/June 628 <ref>{{cite book|authors=]|title=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=2|quote=Muhammad had thus a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. The moment he chose for the attack May /June 628 (i/y) shortly after his return from the expedition of al-Hudaybiyah was one when it was also convenient for him to have booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed.}} ()</ref>
| To attack the Jews of Khaybar for booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed (according to ])<ref>{{cite book|authors=]|title=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=2|quote=Muhammad had thus a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. The moment he chose for the attack May /June 628 (i/y) shortly after his return from the expedition of al-Hudaybiyah was one when it was also convenient for him to have booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed.}} ()</ref>
| |
*Muslims: 16-18 killed *Muslims: 16-18 killed
Line 571: Line 644:
| ] | ]
| May 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 180"/> | May 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 180"/>
| Attack the Jews of Wadi al Qura to conquer their land<ref>William Muir, The Life of Mahomet (2003), p. 394.</ref>
| |
*Muslims: 1 killed<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA118| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press|quote=enumerating with them the expedition of Wadi al-Qura. He stated that he fought there with his slave Mid'am}}</ref> *Muslims: 1 killed<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA118| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press|quote=enumerating with them the expedition of Wadi al-Qura. He stated that he fought there with his slave Mid'am}}</ref>
Line 581: Line 656:
| ] | ]
| December 628 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/> | December 628 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/>
| Attack Banu Hawazin for booty<ref name="Sa'd 1967 146">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=146|quote=The Sariyyah of 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab, may Allah show him mercy, on Turabah}}</ref>
| |
*None, tribe flees<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/> *None, tribe flees<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/>
| |
*], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 146"/>
*], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 146">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=146|quote=The Sariyyah of 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab, may Allah show him mercy, on Turabah}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here --> |-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 56 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 56
| ] | ]
| December 628 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/> | December 628 <ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/>
|
| Attack the Banu Kilab tribe<ref name="William Muir p. 83">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 83 (footnote 2).</ref>
*Many killed by Muslims{{cn|date=March 2016}}
|
*Many killed<ref name="William Muir p. 83"/><br>(at least 7 families killed<ref>{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2632}}</ref>) by Muslims
| |
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2632}} *{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2632}}
Line 598: Line 677:
| ] | ]
| December 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 205">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA205|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=205}}</ref> | December 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 205">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA205|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=205}}</ref>
| Attack for Banu Murrah tribe to capture booty <ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 83 (footnote 3).</ref><ref name="Sa'd 1967 148">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=148}}</ref>
| |
*Muslims: 29 killed,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/> Bashir wounded{{cn|date=March 2016}} *Muslims: 29 killed,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/> Bashir wounded<ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 83 (footnote 3).</ref>
*Non-Muslims: large amount killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/> *Non-Muslims: large amount killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/>
| |
*], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 148">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=148}}</ref> *], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 148"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here --> |-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 58 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 58
| ] | ]
| January 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 205"/> | January 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 205"/>
| Attack the Banu ‘Awâl and Banu Thalabah tribes to capture booty (camels and flock)<ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 84.</ref>
| |
*Some killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/> *Some killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/>
Line 618: Line 701:
| ] | ]
| May 629<ref name="Abu Khalil 212">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA212|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=212}}</ref> | May 629<ref name="Abu Khalil 212">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA212|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=212}}</ref>
| Attack the Banu Murrah as revenge for the killing of Muslims in a ] carried out by Muslims<ref name="William Muir p. 94">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 94.</ref>
| |
*Everyone who came into contact with Muslims were killed{{cn|date=March 2016}} *Everyone who came into contact with Muslims were killed<ref name="William Muir p. 94"/>
| |
*], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 156">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=156}}</ref> *], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 156">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=156}}</ref>
Line 626: Line 711:
| ] | ]
| February 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 205"/> | February 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 205"/>
| Attack a large group of polytheists who Muhammad believed gathered to raid the outskirts of Madinah<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/>
| |
*1 killed, 2 captured by Muslims<ref name="Sa'd 1967 149">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=149|quote=THE SARIYYAH OF BASHIR IBN SA'D AL-ANSARI TOWARDS YAMAN AND JAMAR}}</ref> *1 killed, 2 captured by Muslims<ref name="Sa'd 1967 149">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=149|quote=THE SARIYYAH OF BASHIR IBN SA'D AL-ANSARI TOWARDS YAMAN AND JAMAR}}</ref>
Line 634: Line 721:
| ] | ]
| April 629<ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/> | April 629<ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/>
| 50 men sent to demand the allegiance of the Banu Sualym tribe to Islam<ref name="William Muir p. 93">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 93.</ref>
| |
*Muslims: Most killed{{cn|date=March 2016}} *Muslims: Most killed<ref name="William Muir p. 93"/>
*Non-Muslims: Most killed,<ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/> 2 captured<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 244">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 244. ()</ref> *Non-Muslims: Most killed,<ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/> 2 captured<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 244">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 244. ()</ref>
| |
Line 643: Line 732:
| ] | ]
| May 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/> | May 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/>
| To raid the Banu al-Mulawwih tribe for booty<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 156"/>
| |
*Large amount killed,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/> and 1 captured by Muslims<ref name="Sa'd 1967 156"/> *Large amount killed,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/> and 1 captured by Muslims<ref name="Sa'd 1967 156"/>
Line 651: Line 742:
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 63 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 63
| ] | ]
| June 629 <ref name="The life of Mahomet"/>
| June 629 <ref name="The life of Mahomet">{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| author=]|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9780766177413|page=317}}</ref>
| Attack Banu Layth, camels plundered<ref name="William Muir p. 94"/>
| |
*"We killed the warriors and took the children prisoner." No numbers given, but the Muslims were "about ten men". *"We killed the warriors and took the children prisoner." No numbers given, but the Muslims were "about ten men".
Line 660: Line 753:
| ] | ]
| June 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/> | June 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/>
| Raid the Banu Amir tribe to plunder camels for booty<ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 93 (footnote).</ref><ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 244. ()</ref>
| |
*Unknown *Unknown
Line 668: Line 763:
| ] | ]
| June 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/> | June 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/>
| Attack Banu Quda‘a tribe because Muhammad received intelligence that they had gathered a large number of men to attack the Muslim positions<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 244"/>
| |
*14 Muslims killed, 1 wounded<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 244"/> *14 Muslims killed, 1 wounded<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 244"/>
Line 676: Line 773:
| ''']''' | ''']'''
| August 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/> | August 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/>
| Raid the inhabitants of Mut'ah, because one of Muhammad's messenger was killed by the chief of Ma’ab or Mu’tah<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 246">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 246. ()</ref>
| |
*Muslims: 12 killed *Muslims: 12 killed
*Non-Muslims: Unknown<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 246">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 246. ()</ref> *Non-Muslims: Unknown<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 246"/>
| |
*{{Quran-usc|19|71}} <ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 245. ()</ref> *{{Quran-usc|19|71}} <ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 245. ()</ref>
Line 686: Line 785:
| ] | ]
| September 629 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}} Note: 6th Month, 8AH = September 629</ref> | September 629 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}} Note: 6th Month, 8AH = September 629</ref>
| To subjugate the Banu Qudah tribe, and incite the tribes friendly to Muhammad to attack them, because of a rumour that the Banu Qudah were preparing to attack Medina and to improve Muslim prestige<ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 104.</ref><ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 247.</ref>
| |
*None, Qudah tribe flees<ref name="Sa'd 1967 162">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=162|quote=The Sariyyah of 'Amr Ibn al-'As towards DMt al-Salasil which is beyond Wadi al-Qura}}</ref> *None, Qudah tribe flees<ref name="Sa'd 1967 162">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=162|quote=The Sariyyah of 'Amr Ibn al-'As towards DMt al-Salasil which is beyond Wadi al-Qura}}</ref>
Line 695: Line 796:
| ] | ]
| October 629 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}} Note: Rajab, 8AH = October 629</ref> | October 629 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}} Note: Rajab, 8AH = October 629</ref>
| Attack the tribe of Juhaynah and raid a caravan<ref name="William Muir p. 106">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 106.</ref><ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 206. ()</ref><ref name="Sa'd 1967 163">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=163}}</ref>
| |
*None, caravan flees<ref name="Sa'd 1967 163"/>
*None, caravan flees<ref name="Sa'd 1967 163">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=163}}</ref>
| |
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|3|44|663}}, {{Hadith-usc|muslim|usc=yes|21|4757}} *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|3|44|663}}, {{Hadith-usc|muslim|usc=yes|21|4757}}
Line 705: Line 808:
| 629 <ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA123|author=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press | 629 <ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA123|author=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=978-0887066917|pages=123}} ()</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 242">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 242. ()</ref> |isbn=978-0887066917|pages=123}} ()</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 242">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 242. ()</ref>
| To kill Rifa’ah bin Qays, because Muhammad heard they were allegedly enticing the people of Qais to fight him<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 242"/>
| |
*1 beheaded,<ref name="https">{{cite book|authors=] , ], ] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=671–672}}</ref> 4 women captured by Muslims<ref name="books.google.com">{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| author=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504 *1 beheaded,<ref name="https">{{cite book|authors=] , ], ] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=671–672}}</ref> 4 women captured by Muslims<ref name="books.google.com">{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| author=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504
Line 714: Line 819:
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 70 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 70
| ] | ]
| November<ref name="Abu Khalil 218">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}}</ref> or Dec 629{{cn|date=March 2016}} | November<ref name="Abu Khalil 218">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}}</ref> or Dec 629<ref name="William Muir p. 106"/>
| Attack the Ghatafan tribe because he heard that they were amassing troops and were still outside the "domain of Islam"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 247">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 247. ()</ref>
| |
*Some killed, some captured by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 247">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 247. ()</ref> *Some killed, some captured by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 247"/>
| |
*], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=164}}</ref> *], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=164}}</ref>
Line 723: Line 830:
| ] | ]
| December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 218"/> | December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 218"/>
| To divert the attention from his intention of attacking Mecca, he despatched 8 men to attack a caravan passing through Edam<ref name="Sa'd 1967 164">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=164|quote=THE SARIYYAH OF ABO QATADAH IBN RIB'I AL- ANSARl TOWORDS BATN IDAM.}}</ref>
| |
*1 Muslim killed by Muslims<ref>{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|43|7176}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxzFCrGdyQoC&pg=PA94|page=94}}</ref> *1 Muslim killed by Muslims<ref>{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|43|7176}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxzFCrGdyQoC&pg=PA94|page=94}}</ref>
Line 728: Line 837:
*{{Cite quran|4|94}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxzFCrGdyQoC&pg=PA94|page=94}}</ref> *{{Cite quran|4|94}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxzFCrGdyQoC&pg=PA94|page=94}}</ref>
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|43|7176}} *{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|43|7176}}
*], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 164"/>
*], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 164">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=164|quote=THE SARIYYAH OF ABO QATADAH IBN RIB'I AL- ANSARl TOWORDS BATN IDAM.}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here --> |-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 72 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 72
| ''']''' | ''']'''
| December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 218"/> | December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 218"/>
| To Conquer Mecca<ref name="Sa'd 1967 165–174">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=165–174}}</ref>
| |
*5 killed by Muslims:<ref name="Wahid 327-333">{{citation|title=Muhammad: a prophet for all humanity|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=k8xyO3fQkccC&pg=PT326 *5 killed by Muslims:<ref name="Wahid 327-333">{{citation|title=Muhammad: a prophet for all humanity|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=k8xyO3fQkccC&pg=PT326
Line 744: Line 855:
*] 12:91-92, {{Cite quran|34|49}}, {{Cite quran|49|13}}<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 251-253.</ref> *] 12:91-92, {{Cite quran|34|49}}, {{Cite quran|49|13}}<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 251-253.</ref>
*{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|582}}, {{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2678}} and more *{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|582}}, {{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2678}} and more
*], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 165–174">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=165–174}}</ref> *], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 165–174"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here --> |-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 73 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 73
| ] | ]
| December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA226|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=226}}</ref> | December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA226|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=226}}</ref>
| To destroy al-Uzza because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes"<ref name="William Muir p. 134">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 134.</ref> and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 256. ()</ref>
| |
*1 women killed by ]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 256. ()</ref> *1 women killed by ]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256"/>
| |
*]<ref>{{cite book|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 9), Volume 9|authors=], Ṣafī al-Raḥmān Mubārakfūrī (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kN3V_Cs6gswC&pg=PA320|page=320}} ()</ref> *]<ref>{{cite book|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 9), Volume 9|authors=], Ṣafī al-Raḥmān Mubārakfūrī (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kN3V_Cs6gswC&pg=PA320|page=320}} ()</ref>
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| ] | ]
| December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/> | December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/>
| To destroy Suwa because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes"<ref name="William Muir p. 134"/> and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256"/>
| |
*None<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256"/> *None<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256"/>
Line 766: Line 881:
| ] | ]
| December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/> | December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/>
| To destroy Manat because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes"<ref name="William Muir p. 134"/> and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256"/>
| |
*1 women killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256"/> *1 women killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256"/>
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| ] | ]
| January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/> | January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/>
| Invite the Banu Jadhimah tribe to Islam<ref name="William Muir p. 135">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 135.</ref>
| |
*Entire tribe taken prisoner, portion executed<ref>{{cite book|authors=] , ], ] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=561}}</ref> *Entire tribe taken prisoner, portion executed<ref name="William Muir p. 135"/><ref>{{cite book|authors=] , ], ] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=561}}</ref>
| |
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|5|59|628}}<ref>Muhsin Khan, The translation of the meanings of Ṣahih AL-Bukhari, Arabic-English, Volume 5, p. 440.</ref> *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|5|59|628}}<ref>Muhsin Khan, The translation of the meanings of Ṣahih AL-Bukhari, Arabic-English, Volume 5, p. 440.</ref>
Line 785: Line 904:
| ''']''' | ''']'''
| January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/> | January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/>
| To attack the people of Hawazin and Thaqif for refusing to surrender to Muhammad and submit to Islam because "they thought that they were too mighty to admit or surrender" after the ]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 261">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 261. ()</ref>
|
*Muslims: 5 killed<ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 143.</ref>
*Non-Muslims: 70 killed,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 261"/> 6000 women and children captured<ref name="William Muir p. 142">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 142.</ref>
| |
*Muslims: 5 killed{{cn|date=March 2016}}
*Non-Muslims: 70 killed,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 261">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 261. ()</ref> 6000 women and children captured{{cn|date=March 2016}}|
*{{Quran-usc|9|25}}, {{Quran-usc|9|26}} <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 261-262">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 261-262. ()</ref> *{{Quran-usc|9|25}}, {{Quran-usc|9|26}} <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 261-262">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 261-262. ()</ref>
*{{Hadith-usc|Bukhari|4|53|370}}, {{Hadith-usc|muwatta|usc=yes|21|10|19|}}<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 261-262"/> *{{Hadith-usc|Bukhari|4|53|370}}, {{Hadith-usc|muwatta|usc=yes|21|10|19|}}<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 261-262"/>
Line 794: Line 916:
| ] | ]
| January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/> | January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/>
| Destroy the idol Yaguth<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=194}}</ref> and to secure the allegiance of the Banu Daws tribe to Islam so they can lend him catapults to use in the ]<ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 145.</ref>
| |
*None<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194"/>
*None<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=194}}</ref>
| |
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194"/> *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194"/>
Line 802: Line 926:
| ] | ]
| 630 <ref>{{citation|title=Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czSP046th6IC&pg=PA101authors=Al Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron (translator) |year= 1998| publisher = State University of New York (SUNY) Press|isbn=0791428192|page=101|quote=Part of the events of Hunayn in the year 8/630}}</ref> | 630 <ref>{{citation|title=Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czSP046th6IC&pg=PA101authors=Al Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron (translator) |year= 1998| publisher = State University of New York (SUNY) Press|isbn=0791428192|page=101|quote=Part of the events of Hunayn in the year 8/630}}</ref>
| Defend against an attack by a league of tribes that formed an alliance to attack him. ] claims that the tribes were hostile to Muhammad and wanted to attack him because he was spreading Islam by the sword, and because the tribes feared Muhammad would attack them anyway for vengeance<ref>{{citation|title=Lives of Mahomet and his successors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gRkYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA111| first=Washington|last=Irving|date=February 21, 2008|publisher=Kessinger Publishing, LLC
|isbn=978-0548883037|pages=111–113}}. Note: A Full version of this book is available free on Google books</ref>
| |
*Enemy defeated, many killed by Muslims<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194"/><ref>{{citation|title=Encyclopaedia Of Holy Prophet And Companion (Set Of 15 Vols.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YRBF29D9AO8C&pg=PA31| first=Shahid|last=Ashraf|year=15 Jun 2005|publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd *Enemy defeated, many killed by Muslims<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194"/><ref>{{citation|title=Encyclopaedia Of Holy Prophet And Companion (Set Of 15 Vols.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YRBF29D9AO8C&pg=PA31| first=Shahid|last=Ashraf|year=15 Jun 2005|publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd
Line 815: Line 942:
| ] | ]
| January 630 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/> | January 630 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/>
| Chase the enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 262">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 262. ()</ref>
| |
*Muslims: 1 Killed *Muslims: 1 Killed
Line 826: Line 955:
| ] | ]
| January 630 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/> | January 630 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/>
| Chase the enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 262"/>
| |
*At least 1 killed,<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 17"/> men, women and children taken captives by Muslims<ref>{{citation|title=Miracles of the messenger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3QiahukyiSYC&pg=PA177| first=Strauch|last=Sameh|year=2003|publisher=Darussalam Research Division *At least 1 killed,<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 17"/> men, women and children taken captives by Muslims<ref>{{citation|title=Miracles of the messenger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3QiahukyiSYC&pg=PA177| first=Strauch|last=Sameh|year=2003|publisher=Darussalam Research Division
Line 836: Line 967:
| ] | ]
| January 630 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 481">{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA481| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=481}} Note: Shawwal 8AH is January 630AD</ref> | January 630 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 481">{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA481| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=481}} Note: Shawwal 8AH is January 630AD</ref>
| Attack enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn and sought refuge in the fortress of Taif<ref name="William Muir p. 142"/>
| |
*Muslims: 12 killed<ref>{{cite book|authors=] , ], ] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=591}}</ref> *Muslims: 12 killed<ref>{{cite book|authors=] , ], ] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=591}}</ref>
Line 846: Line 979:
| ] | ]
| April 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA228|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=228}}</ref> | April 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA228|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=228}}</ref>
| Attack the Muslim tribe of Banu Tamim for refusing to pay tax (])<ref>Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 477.</ref>
| |
*11 men, 21 women and 30 boys, captured by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 269">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 269. ()</ref> *11 men, 21 women and 30 boys, captured by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 269">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 269. ()</ref>
| |
*{{Cite quran|49|1}}<ref>{{citation|title=The Life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA450| first=William|last=Muir|year=August 1878|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co (10 Aug 2003)
*{{Cite quran|49|1}}
ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 26 (Part 26)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J5vwsvEki8kC&pg=PA110 |isbn=978-0766177413|page=450}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 26 (Part 26)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J5vwsvEki8kC&pg=PA110
|first=Muhammad|last=Saed Abdul-Rahman|date=11 November 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd |first=Muhammad|last=Saed Abdul-Rahman|date=11 November 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd
|isbn=978-1861797469|page=110}}</ref> |isbn=978-1861797469|page=110}}</ref>
Line 858: Line 993:
| ] | ]
| May 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=229}}</ref> | May 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=229}}</ref>
| Attack the Banu Khatham tribe to capture booty<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 269"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 200–201">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=200–201}}</ref>
| |
*Muslims: many wounded, some killed *Muslims: many wounded, some killed
*Non-Muslims: many wounded, some killed, some women captured<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 269"/> *Non-Muslims: many wounded, some killed, some women captured<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 269"/>
| |
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 200–201">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=200–201}}</ref> *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 200–201"/>
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2639}} *{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2639}}
|-<!-- New row starts here --> |-<!-- New row starts here -->
Line 868: Line 1,005:
| ] | ]
| June 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=230}}</ref> | June 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=230}}</ref>
|
| To call the Banu Kilab tribe to embrace Islam<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 269"/>
|
*1 killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 269"/> *1 killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 269"/>
| |
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| ] | ]
| July 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=231}}</ref> | July 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=231}}</ref>
| Attack a group of Abyssinians (Ethiopians) who Muhammad suspected were pirates<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 269"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 202">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=202|quote=THE SARIYYAH OF 'ALQAMAH IBN MUJAZZIZ AL-MUDLIJI AGAINST AL-HABASHAH}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Muir|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA451|title=Life of Mahomet|date=10 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|isbn=978-0766177413|page=451}}</ref>
| |
*None, Ethiopians flee<ref name="Sa'd 1967 202"/>
*None, Ethiopians flee<ref name="Sa'd 1967 202">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=202|quote=THE SARIYYAH OF 'ALQAMAH IBN MUJAZZIZ AL-MUDLIJI AGAINST AL-HABASHAH}}</ref>
| |
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 202"/> *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 202"/>
Line 884: Line 1,025:
| ] | ]
| July 630 <ref name="Sa'd 1967 202"/> | July 630 <ref name="Sa'd 1967 202"/>
| Muhammad sent him to take revenge for the killing of the son of Abu Dhar Ghifari at al-Ghaba<ref name="Sa'd 1967 202"/><ref>A. J. Cameron, A. J. Cameron (Ph.D.), , p. 33.</ref>
| |
*None<ref name="Sa'd 1967 202"/> *None<ref name="Sa'd 1967 202"/>
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| ] | ]
| July 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=233}}</ref> | July 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=233}}</ref>
| Destroy al-Qullus, an idol worshipped by pagans<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 269-270">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 269-270. ()</ref>
| |
*Many men, women and children taken captive by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 269-270">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 269-270. ()</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=202}}</ref> *Many men, women and children taken captive by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 269-270"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=202}}</ref>
| |
*]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 269-270"/> *]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 269-270"/>
Line 901: Line 1,046:
| ] | ]
| July 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=239}}</ref> | July 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=239}}</ref>
| Attack the tribes of Udhrah and Baliy, no further details<ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 203">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=203}}</ref>
| |
*Unknown *Unknown
| |
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 203">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=203}}</ref> *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 203"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here --> |-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: pink;" | 90 ! style="background: pink;" | 90
| ''']''' | ''']'''
| October 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/> | October 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/>
| Attack the Byzantine empire. Mubarakpuri claims, reason was revenge for the killing of 1 of Muhammad's ambassadors by a Christian chief of al-Balaqa, which led to the ]. Mubrakpuri claims this was the reason for the Battle of Tabouk also, and that there was a rumour ] was preparing an attack on Muslims.<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 272">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 272.</ref> ] claims Heraclius wanted to prevent the recurrence of Muslim attacks such as the ] against the Banu Udrah tribe.<ref>{{cite book|last=William|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA454|title=Life of Mahomet|date=10 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|isbn=978-0766177413|page=454}}</ref> A tribe that was aligned to the Byzantine Empire<ref>{{cite book|last=R.L. Bidwell (editor)|first=R.|title=|publisher=University of Exeter Press|date=Feb 1996|isbn=978-0859894791|page=95}}</ref>
| |
*None, no enemies met<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 272">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 272.</ref> *None, no enemies met<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 272"/>
| |
*{{Cite quran|9|49}}, {{Cite quran|9|29}}, ] 9:42-48,<ref>{{cite book|last=Saed Abdul-Rahman|first=Muhammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4LMAGogMjkC&pg=PA107 *{{Cite quran|9|49}}, {{Cite quran|9|29}}, ] 9:42-48,<ref>{{cite book|last=Saed Abdul-Rahman|first=Muhammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4LMAGogMjkC&pg=PA107
Line 920: Line 1,069:
| ] | ]
| October 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/> | October 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/>
| Attack the Christian prince of Duma.<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 277">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 277.</ref>
| |
*1 killed, 2 taken captive<ref>{{cite book|last=Muir|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA458|title=Life of Mahomet|date=10 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|isbn=978-0766177413|pages=458–459}}</ref>
*1 killed, 2 taken captive{{cn|date=March 2016}}
| |
*] {{Hadith-usc|abudawud|19|3031}} *] {{Hadith-usc|abudawud|19|3031}}
Line 930: Line 1,081:
| 630 <ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA46| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press | 630 <ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA46| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=46}} Note: Source says this happened in the same year as the Battle of Tabuk which occurred in October 630</ref> |isbn=978-0887066917|page=46}} Note: Source says this happened in the same year as the Battle of Tabuk which occurred in October 630</ref>
| To demolish the idol al-Lat<ref>{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA206|first=William|last=Muir|year=August 1861|publisher=Smith, Elder and co.|page=206}}</ref>
| |
*Unknown *Unknown
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| ] | ]
| 630 <ref name="IbnKathir176">{{cite book|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|title=The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4) 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4LMAGogMjkC&pg=PA176|work=Tafsir Ibn Kathir|accessdate=29 June 2011|page=176|isbn=1861796501|publisher=MSA Publication Limited|year=2009}} Note: source says it was destroyed when Muhammad returned from the Battle of Tabuk (which occurred in October 630)</ref> | 630 <ref name="IbnKathir176">{{cite book|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|title=The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4) 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4LMAGogMjkC&pg=PA176|work=Tafsir Ibn Kathir|accessdate=29 June 2011|page=176|isbn=1861796501|publisher=MSA Publication Limited|year=2009}} Note: source says it was destroyed when Muhammad returned from the Battle of Tabuk (which occurred in October 630)</ref>
| Demolish a mosque for promoting opposition<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 277"/>
| |
*None (speculation that people may have been burnt<ref>{{citation|title=Muhammad, Islams first general|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nadbe2XP2o4C&pg=PA198| first=Richard A. |last=Gabriel |year=2008|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press
*None
|isbn=9780806138602|page=198}}</ref>)
| |
*{{Cite quran|9|107}}<ref name="Rahman al Mubarakpuri 515">{{cite book|last=Rahman al Mubarakpuri|first=Saifur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bT8A7qQ-7ZoC&pg=PA515 *{{Cite quran|9|107}}<ref name="Rahman al Mubarakpuri 515">{{cite book|last=Rahman al Mubarakpuri|first=Saifur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bT8A7qQ-7ZoC&pg=PA515
Line 949: Line 1,105:
| ] | ]
| April 631 <ref name="William Pickthall 1967 191">{{cite book|last=William Pickthall|first=Marmaduke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kpJCAAAAYAAJ&q=qatan|title=Islamic culture, Volume 9|year=1967|publisher=Islamic Culture Board|isbn=978-1142491741|page=191}} Original is from the University of Virginia</ref><ref name="ibn al Kalbi 1952 48">{{cite book|last=ibn al Kalbi|first=Hisham|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ|title=The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin=B002G9N1NQ|page=48}}</ref> | April 631 <ref name="William Pickthall 1967 191">{{cite book|last=William Pickthall|first=Marmaduke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kpJCAAAAYAAJ&q=qatan|title=Islamic culture, Volume 9|year=1967|publisher=Islamic Culture Board|isbn=978-1142491741|page=191}} Original is from the University of Virginia</ref><ref name="ibn al Kalbi 1952 48">{{cite book|last=ibn al Kalbi|first=Hisham|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ|title=The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin=B002G9N1NQ|page=48}}</ref>
| Demolish an idol called Wadd,<ref name="ibn al Kalbi 1952 48"/><ref>{{cite book|last=William Pickthall|first=Marmaduke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kpJCAAAAYAAJ&q=qatan|title=Islamic culture, Volume 9|year=1967|publisher=Islamic Culture Board|isbn=978-1142491741|page=191}}</ref> worshipped by the Banu Kilab tribe<ref>{{cite book|last=Sale|first=George|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xSJMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA40|title=The Koran: commonly called the Alcoran of Mohammed, Volume 1|date=12 Jan 2010|publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC|isbn=978-1142491741|page=40}}</ref>
| |
*Banu Abd-Wadd and Banu Amir al-Ajdar tribe members killed by Muslims<ref name="William Pickthall 1967 191"/><ref name="ibn al Kalbi 1952 48"/> *Banu Abd-Wadd and Banu Amir al-Ajdar tribe members killed by Muslims<ref name="William Pickthall 1967 191"/><ref name="ibn al Kalbi 1952 48"/>
Line 956: Line 1,114:
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 95 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 95
| ] | ]
| April 631 <ref name="Jandora 1990 42">{{citation|title=The march from Medina: a revisionist study of the Arab conquests|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozVtAAAAMAAJ&q=Surad|first=John Walter|last=Jandora|year=1990|publisher=Kingston Press, Original from: University of Michigan|page=42|isbn=9780940670334}}</ref> | April 631 <ref name="Muir August 1878 219">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219|first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder and co|year=1861|page=219|quote= Beginning of A.H. X}} Note: Muharram is the beginning of the year, then Muharram 10AH= April 631</ref><ref name="Jandora 1990 42">{{citation|title=The march from Medina: a revisionist study of the Arab conquests|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozVtAAAAMAAJ&q=Surad|first=John Walter|last=Jandora|year=1990|publisher=Kingston Press, Original from: University of Michigan|page=42|isbn=9780940670334}}</ref>
|
| Ordered Surad ibn Abdullah (new convert) to war against the non-Muslim tribes in his neighbourhood<ref name="Muir August 1878 219">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219|first=William|last=Muir|year=1861|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|page=219}}</ref>
|
*Heavy casualties, people of Jurash killed<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 88–89">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press|pages=88–89}}</ref> *Heavy casualties, people of Jurash killed<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 88–89">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press|pages=88–89}}</ref>
| |
Line 965: Line 1,125:
| ] | ]
| June 631 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/> | June 631 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/>
| Call on the people of Najran to embrace Islam or fight the Muslims<ref name="Muir August 1878 224">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA224|first=William|last=Muir|year=August 1878|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|page=224}}</ref>
| |
*None, Banu Harith tribe surrenders and converts to Islam{{cn|date=March 2016}} *None, Banu Harith tribe surrenders and converts to Islam<ref name="Muir August 1878 224"/>
| |
*{{Quran-usc|3|61}}<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 3 (Part 3): Al-Baqarah 253 to Al-I-'Imran 92 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZpfurStAiUC&pg=PA125|first=Muhammad|last=Saed Abdul Rahman|year=11 Nov 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd|page=125|isbn=978-1861796776}}</ref> *{{Quran-usc|3|61}}<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 3 (Part 3): Al-Baqarah 253 to Al-I-'Imran 92 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZpfurStAiUC&pg=PA125|first=Muhammad|last=Saed Abdul Rahman|year=11 Nov 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd|page=125|isbn=978-1861796776}}</ref>
Line 975: Line 1,137:
| ] | ]
| December 631 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/> | December 631 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/>
| Attack the Banu Nakhla tribe to reduce them to submission<ref name="Muir August 1878 225">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA225|first=William|last=Muir|year=August 1878|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|page=225}}</ref>
| |
*20 killed by Muslims. {{cn|date=March 2016}} *20 killed by Muslims.<ref name="Muir August 1878 225"/>
| |
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|2|24|573}} *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|2|24|573}}
Line 984: Line 1,148:
| ] | ]
| 632 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/> | 632 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/>
| To call the people of Hamdan to embrace Islam<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 290">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 290.</ref>
| |
*None<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 290">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 290.</ref> *None<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 290"/>
| |
*], Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, p. 90.</ref> *], Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, p. 90.</ref>
Line 991: Line 1,157:
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 99 ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 99
| ] | ]
| April 632 <ref name="Muir August 1878 219">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219|first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder and co|year=1861|page=219|quote=April and May, 632}}</ref>
| April 632 {{cn|date=March 2016}}
| Demolish the Temple of Dhul Khalasa worshipped by the Bajila and Khatham tribes<ref name="Glasse 28 Jan 2003 251">{{cite book |title= The new encyclopedia of Islam| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&pg=PA251| first= Cyril| last= Glasse | year = 28 Jan 2003 | publisher = AltaMira Press | place = US |isbn=978-0759101906|page=251}}</ref>
| |
*300 killed by Muslims<ref name="Glasse 28 Jan 2003 251">{{cite book |title= The new encyclopedia of Islam| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&pg=PA251| first= Cyril| last= Glasse | year = 28 Jan 2003 | publisher = AltaMira Press | place = US |isbn=978-0759101906|page=251}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last= Ibn al Kalbi|first= Hisham|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ| title= The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin= B002G9N1NQ|pages= 31–2}}</ref> *300 killed by Muslims<ref name="Glasse 28 Jan 2003 251"/><ref>{{cite book|last= Ibn al Kalbi|first= Hisham|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ| title= The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin= B002G9N1NQ|pages= 31–2}}</ref>
| |
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|641}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|642}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|643}} and more *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|641}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|642}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|643}} and more
Line 1,001: Line 1,169:
| ] | ]
| May 632 <ref>{{citation|title=A history of Palestine, 634-1099|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC&pg=PA31|first=Moshe|last=Gil |year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521599849|page=31}}</ref> | May 632 <ref>{{citation|title=A history of Palestine, 634-1099|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC&pg=PA31|first=Moshe|last=Gil |year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521599849|page=31}}</ref>
| Invade Palestine and attack ] and ]<ref name="Gil 1997 31–32">{{citation|title=A history of Palestine, 634-1099|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC&pg=PA31|first=Moshe|last=Gil |year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521599849|pages=31–32}}</ref>
| |
*Local population "slaughtered" by Muslims, "destroying, burning and taking as many captives as they could" according to Moshe Gil of ]<ref name="Gil 1997 31–32">{{citation|title=A history of Palestine, 634-1099|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC&pg=PA31|first=Moshe|last=Gil |year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521599849|pages=31–32}}</ref> *Local population "slaughtered" by Muslims, "destroying, burning and taking as many captives as they could" according to Moshe Gil of ]<ref name="Gil 1997 31–32"/>
| |
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|744}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|745}} and more *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|744}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|745}} and more
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* {{cite book|last=Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb|first=Imam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JRzr6mC55IC&printsec=frontcover|title=Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press}} * {{cite book|last=Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb|first=Imam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JRzr6mC55IC&printsec=frontcover|title=Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
* {{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960-897-71-4}} * {{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960-897-71-4}}
* {{citation|title= The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Feo9AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover| first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|year=1861}}
*{{citation|title=The Life of Mohammed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&printsec=frontcover| first=Hussain|last=Haykal|year=1 Jun 2010|publisher=Islamic Book Trust *{{citation|title=The Life of Mohammed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&printsec=frontcover| first=Hussain|last=Haykal|year=1 Jun 2010|publisher=Islamic Book Trust
|isbn=978-8187746461|page=477}} |isbn=978-8187746461|page=477}}
*{{citation|title=Muhammad, Islams first general|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nadbe2XP2o4C&pg=PA198| first=Richard A. |last=Gabriel |year=2008|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press
|isbn=9780806138602}}
*{{cite book|last=Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb|first=Imam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JRzr6mC55IC&printsec=frontcover|title=Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād|year=2003|publisher=Darussalam publishers Ltd|isbn=978-9960-897-18-9}} *{{cite book|last=Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb|first=Imam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JRzr6mC55IC&printsec=frontcover|title=Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād|year=2003|publisher=Darussalam publishers Ltd|isbn=978-9960-897-18-9}}


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The List of expeditions of Muhammad, also includes a list of battles by Muhammad's order and comprises information about casualties, objectives, and nature of the military expeditions ordered by Muhammad, as well as the primary sources which mention the Battles.

List of Battles

Key/Legend

  Sariyyah (expeditions which he ordered but did not take part (73))   Ghazwah (expeditions which he ordered and took part (27))

No. Name Date Muhammad's order and reason for expedition Casualties description Notable primary sources
1 Al Is Caravan Raid 623 Raid Quraysh caravan to relieve themselves from poverty
  • None
2 Batn Rabigh Caravan Raid 623 Raid Quraysh caravan to relieve themselves from poverty
  • None, caravan left
3 Kharar Caravan Raid May & June 623 Attack a Quraysh caravan
  • None, caravan left
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
4 Invasion of Waddan August 623 Attack a Quraysh caravan which included camels
  • Unknown
5 Invasion of Buwat October 623 Raid a Quraysh caravan which included 200 camels
  • None, caravan left
6 Invasion of Dul Ashir December 623 Attack a Quraysh caravan
  • None, caravan left
7 Invasion of Safwan 623 To pursue Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri who led a small group that looted Muhammad's animals
  • None, enemy escaped
8 Nakhla Raid January 624 Attack a Quraysh caravan and gather information
  • Muslims: 0 Casualties
  • Non-Muslims: 1 killed, 2 captured
9 Battle of Badr March 624 According to the Muslim scholar Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri the purpose was to raid a Quraysh caravan carrying 50,000 gold Dinars guarded by 40 men, and to further the Muslim political, economic and military position. The Muslim scholar Ibn Kathir also said the purpose of this battle was to capture Quraysh war booty/spoils and make Islam dominant by raiding the Quraysh Caravan, he claimed Muhammad encouraged the Muslims by saying: "This is the caravan of Quraysh carrying their property, so march forth to intercept it, Allah might make it as war spoils for you".
  • Muslims: 14 killed
  • Non-Muslims: 70 killed, 30-47 captured
10 Assassination of Asma bint Marwan January 624 Kill 'Asma' bint Marwan for opposing Muhammad with poetry and for provoking others to attack him
  • Asma' bint Marwan assassinated
11 Assassination of Abu Afak February 624 Kill Abu Afak for opposing Muhammad through poetry
  • Abu Afak assassinated
12 Invasion of Sawiq 624 Pursue Abu Sufyan for killing 2 Muslims and burning of palm trees
  • 2 Muslims killed
13 Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa February 624 Attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking the treaty known as the Constitution of Medina by pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which lead to her being stripped naked
  • Unknown, some revenge killings
14 Al Kudr Invasion May 624 Surprise attack on the Banu Salim tribe for allegedly plotting to attack Medina
  • Unknown
15 Invasion of Thi Amr September 624 Raid the Banu Muharib and Banu Talabah tribes after he received intelligence that they were allegedly going to raid the outskirts of Medina
  • 1 captured by Muslims
16 Assassination of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf September 624 According to Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad ordered his followers to kill Ka'b because he "had gone to Mecca after Badr and inveighed against Muhammad. He also composed verses in which he bewailed the victims of Quraysh who had been killed at Badr. Shortly afterwards he returned to Medina and composed amatory verses of an insulting nature about the Muslim women".
  • Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf assassinated
17 Invasion of Bahran 624 Raid the Banu Sulaym tribe, no reason given in primary sources ( Possibly a continuation of the previous war)
  • None
18 Nejd Caravan Raid 624 Intercept and capture Quraysh caravan and its goods
  • 3 captured by Muslims(including guide)
19 Expedition of 'Abdullah ibn 'Atik December 624 Kill Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq for mocking Muhammad with his poetry and for helping the troops of the Confederates by providing them with money and supplies
  • Abu Rafi assassinated
20 Battle of Uhud March 23 625 Defend against Quraysh attack
  • Muslims: 70 killed
  • Non-Muslims: 22 or 37 Killed
21 Invasion of Hamra al-Asad March 625 Prevent Quraysh attack on weakened Muslim army
  • Muslims: 2 spies killed
  • Non-Muslims: 3 beheaded, 3 captured
22 Expedition of Qatan June 625 Attack Banu Asad bin Khuzaymah tribe after receiving intelligence that they were allegedly plotting to attack Medina
  • 3 captured by Muslims
23 Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais 625 Kill Khalid bin Sufyan, because there were reports he considered an attack on Madinah and that he was inciting the people on Nakhla or Uranah to fight Muslims
  • Khalid ibn Sufyan assassinated
24 Expedition of Al Raji 625 Some men requested that Muhammad send instructors to teach them Islam, but the men were bribed by the two tribes of Khuzaymah who wanted revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan by Muhammad's followers. According to William Montgomery Watt, the seven men Muhammad sent may have been spies for Muhammad and instructors for Arab tribes. Watt's claim that they were spies and not missionaries is mentioned in the Sunni hadith collection Sahih al-Bukhari
  • 8 or 10 Muslims killed
25 The Mission of Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri 627 Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri sent to assassinate Abu Sufyan to avenge Khubyab bin Adi. According to the Muslim scholar Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, the Quraysh ordered Khubyab bin Adi to be crucified by Uqba bin al-Harith during the Expedition of Al Raji because he had killed Uqba bin al-Harith's father.
  • 3 polytheists killed by Muslims
  • 1 captured
  • Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the community
26 Expedition of Bir Maona July 625 Muhammad sends Missionaries at request of some men from the Banu Amir tribe, but the Muslims are killed as revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan by Muhammad's followers
  • Muslims: 70 killed
  • Non-Muslims: 2 killed
27 Invasion of Banu Nadir August 625 Muslim scholars (like Mubarakpuri) claim, the Banu Nadir were attacked because the Angel Gabriel told Muhammad that some of the Banu Nadir wanted to assassinate him. Watt contends it was in response to the tribe’s criticism of Muhammad and doubts they wanted to assassinate Muhammad. He says "it is possible that the allegation was no more than an excuse to justify the attack".
  • Unknown
28 Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa October 625 or 627 Attack the Banu Ghatafan tribe, because he received news that they were assembling at Dhat al-Riqa with a suspicious purpose
  • Many women captured by Muslims
29 Invasion of Badr January 626 or March 625 Attack the Quraysh led by Abu Sufyan, both sides were preparing to fight each other again at Badr
  • None, enemy flees
30 Invasion of Dumatul Jandal July 626 Invade Duma, because Muhammad received intelligence that some tribes there were involved in highway robbery and preparing to attack Medina itself
  • None, Ghatafan tribe flees
31 Battle of the Trench February 627 Muhammad orders Muslims to defend Medina from attack, after Banu Nadir and Banu Qaynuqa tribes form an alliance with the Quraysh to attack him as revenge for expelling them from Medina. The Muslim scholar Ibn Kathir states: "The reason why the Confederates came was that a group of the leaders of the Jews of Banu Nadir, whom the Messenger of Allah had expelled from Al-Madinah to Khaybar, including Sallam bin Abu Al-Huqayq, Sallam bin Mishkam and Kinanah bin Ar-Rabi`, went to Makkah where they met with the leaders of Quraysh and incited them to make war against the Prophet"
  • Muslims: light casualties
  • Non-Muslims: extremely heavy casualties
32 Invasion of Banu Qurayza February–March 627

Attack Banu Qurayza because according to Muslim tradition he had been ordered to do so by the angel Gabriel. Al-Waqidi claims Muhammad had a treaty with the tribe which was torn apart. Stillman and Watt deny the authenticity of al-Waqidi. Al-Waqidi has been frequently criticized by Muslim writers, who claim that he is unreliable.

  • Muslims: 2 killed
  • Non-Muslims:
  1. 600-900 beheaded (Tabari, Ibn Hisham)
  2. All Males and 1 woman beheaded (Sunni Hadith)
33 Expedition of Muhammad ibn Maslamah June 627 Attack Bani Bakr sept for booty/spoils
  • 10 killed, 1 captured by Muslims
34 Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan 627 Attack Banu Assad bin Qhuzayma tribe to capture booty/spoils
  • None, Banu Asad tribe flees
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
35 First Raid on Banu Thalabah August 627 Attack the Banu Thalabah tribe, because he suspected they would be tempted to steal his camels
  • 9 Muslims killed
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
36 Second Raid on Banu Thalabah August 627 Attack the Banu Thalabah tribe, as revenge for the 1st failed raid on them in which 9 Muslims died
  • 1 injured man captured by Muslims
  • Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet
37 Invasion of Banu Lahyan September 627 Attack the Banu Lahyan tribe to get revenge for the killing of 10 Muslims in the Expedition of Al Raji
  • None, Banu Lahyan tribe flees
38 Raid on al-Ghabah

627

Initially no orders given by Muhammad, Amr ibn al-Akwa pursues Uyanah bin Hisn Al-Fazari after seeing him seize 20 of Muhammad's camels while calling for help. Muhammad then heard the calls and sent reinforcements.
  • 1 Muslim shepherd killed, and his wife captured
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
  • Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam
39 Expedition of Dhu Qarad September 627 To attack a group of men led by Uyanah bin Hisn Al-Fazari, who raided the outskirts of the Medina; and seized 20 of Muhammad's milch camels
  • Muslims: 4 killed
  • Non-Muslims: 4 Killed
40 Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Jumum) 627 To raid al-Jumum and capture booty/spoils
  • Some captured by Muslims
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
41 Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Is) September 627 Attack Quraysh caravan and loot their camels
  • Many captured by Muslims
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
42 Third Raid on Banu Thalabah 627 To raid Banu Thalabah and capture their camels as booty
  • None, Banu Thalabah tribe flees
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
43 Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma) October 627 Attack robbers who attacked Muhammad's envoy, Dhiyah bin Khalifah al-Kalbi
  • Heavy casualties inflicted, 100 women and boys captured by Muslims
44 Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Wadi al-Qura) December 627 Survey the area and to monitor the movements of the enemies of Muhammad
  • 9 Muslims killed
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
45 Invasion of Banu Mustaliq December 627 Attack Banu Mustaliq because Muhammad received some rumours that the Banu Mustaliq were preparing to attack him. The Banu Mustaliq also believed that Muhammad was preparing to attack them, both sides sent spies to confirm the reports, but the Banu Mustaliq spy was killed by Muslims, and then Muhammad told his followers to prepare for war
  • Muslims: 1 killed
    (friendly fire)
  • Non-Muslims: 10 killed, 200 families taken captive
46 Expedition of Abdur Rahman bin Auf December 627 700 men sent to get the Christian king Al-Asbagh and his people to convert to Islam within 3 days or pay Jizyah
  • None
47 Expedition of Fidak 627 Attack the Bani Sa‘d bin Bakr tribe, because Muhammad received intelligence they were planning to help the Jews of Khaybar
  • 1 captured by Muslims, rest of tribe flees
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
48 Second Expedition of Wadi al-Qura January 628 Raid the inhabitants of Wadi al-Qura for revenge, because a number of Muslims were killed when they tried to raid the inhabitants previously, but failed
  • 30 horsemen, and 1 women killed by Muslims
  • Many captured by Muslims
49 Expedition of Kurz bin Jabir Al-Fihri February 628 Capture 8 men who came to him to convert to Islam, but then killed one Muslim and drove off with Muhammad's camels
  • Muslims: 1 killed
  • Non-Muslims: 8 tortured to death
50 Expedition of Abdullah ibn Rawaha February 628 Kill Al-Yusayr ibn Rizam because Muhammad heard that his group was preparing to attack him
  • 30 killed by Muslims
51 Treaty of Hudaybiyyah March 628 March to Mecca to perform the lesser pilgrimage (Umrah)
  • None
  • ,
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
52 Conquest of Fidak May 628 To force the Jews of Fidak to surrender their properties and wealth (accepting his terms) or be attacked
  • None
53 Battle of Khaybar May/June 628 To attack the Jews of Khaybar for booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed (according to Watt)
  • Muslims: 16-18 killed
  • Jews: 93 killed
54 Third Expedition of Wadi al Qura May 628 Attack the Jews of Wadi al Qura to conquer their land
  • Muslims: 1 killed
  • Jews: 11 killed
55 Expedition of Umar ibn al-Khatab December 628 Attack Banu Hawazin for booty
  • None, tribe flees
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
56 Expedition of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq December 628 Attack the Banu Kilab tribe
  • Many killed
    (at least 7 families killed) by Muslims
57 Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Fadak) December 628 Attack for Banu Murrah tribe to capture booty
  • Muslims: 29 killed, Bashir wounded
  • Non-Muslims: large amount killed
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
58 Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Mayfah) January 629 Attack the Banu ‘Awâl and Banu Thalabah tribes to capture booty (camels and flock)
  • Some killed by Muslims
59 Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Fadak) May 629 Attack the Banu Murrah as revenge for the killing of Muslims in a failed raid carried out by Muslims
  • Everyone who came into contact with Muslims were killed
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
60 Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Yemen) February 629 Attack a large group of polytheists who Muhammad believed gathered to raid the outskirts of Madinah
  • 1 killed, 2 captured by Muslims
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
61 Expedition of Ibn Abi Al-Awja Al-Sulami April 629 50 men sent to demand the allegiance of the Banu Sualym tribe to Islam
  • Muslims: Most killed
  • Non-Muslims: Most killed, 2 captured
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
62 Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Al-Kadid) May 629 To raid the Banu al-Mulawwih tribe for booty
  • Large amount killed, and 1 captured by Muslims
63 Raid on Banu Layth June 629 Attack Banu Layth, camels plundered
  • "We killed the warriors and took the children prisoner." No numbers given, but the Muslims were "about ten men".
  • Al-Waqidi, Kitab al-Maghazi. Translated by Faizer, R., Ismail, A., & Tayob, A. (2011). The Life of Muhammad, pp. 369–370. London & New York: Routledge.
64 Expedition of Shuja ibn Wahb al-Asadi June 629 Raid the Banu Amir tribe to plunder camels for booty
  • Unknown
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
65 Expedition of Ka’b ibn 'Umair al-Ghifari June 629 Attack Banu Quda‘a tribe because Muhammad received intelligence that they had gathered a large number of men to attack the Muslim positions
  • 14 Muslims killed, 1 wounded
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
66 Battle of Mu'tah August 629 Raid the inhabitants of Mut'ah, because one of Muhammad's messenger was killed by the chief of Ma’ab or Mu’tah
  • Muslims: 12 killed
  • Non-Muslims: Unknown
67 Expedition of Amr ibn al-As September 629 To subjugate the Banu Qudah tribe, and incite the tribes friendly to Muhammad to attack them, because of a rumour that the Banu Qudah were preparing to attack Medina and to improve Muslim prestige
  • None, Qudah tribe flees
68 Expedition of Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah October 629 Attack the tribe of Juhaynah and raid a caravan
  • None, caravan flees
69 Expedition of Abi Hadrad al-Aslami 629 To kill Rifa’ah bin Qays, because Muhammad heard they were allegedly enticing the people of Qais to fight him
  • 1 beheaded, 4 women captured by Muslims
70 Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah) November or Dec 629 Attack the Ghatafan tribe because he heard that they were amassing troops and were still outside the "domain of Islam"
  • Some killed, some captured by Muslims
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
71 Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Batn Edam) December 629 To divert the attention from his intention of attacking Mecca, he despatched 8 men to attack a caravan passing through Edam
  • 1 Muslim killed by Muslims
72 Conquest of Mecca December 629 To Conquer Mecca
  • 5 killed by Muslims:
  1. Abdullah b. Khatal
  2. Fartana (slave girl)
  3. Huwayrith b. Nafidh
  4. Miqyas b. Subabah
  5. Harith b. Talatil
73 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Nakhla) December 629 To destroy al-Uzza because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes" and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"
74 Raid of Amr ibn al-As December 629 To destroy Suwa because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes" and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"
  • None
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
75 Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali December 629 To destroy Manat because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes" and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"
  • 1 women killed by Muslims
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
  • Al-Kalbi, The Book of Idols
76 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Banu Jadhimah) January 630 Invite the Banu Jadhimah tribe to Islam
  • Entire tribe taken prisoner, portion executed
77 Battle of Hunayn January 630 To attack the people of Hawazin and Thaqif for refusing to surrender to Muhammad and submit to Islam because "they thought that they were too mighty to admit or surrender" after the Conquest of Mecca
  • Muslims: 5 killed
  • Non-Muslims: 70 killed, 6000 women and children captured
78 Expedition of At-Tufail ibn 'Amr Ad-Dausi January 630 Destroy the idol Yaguth and to secure the allegiance of the Banu Daws tribe to Islam so they can lend him catapults to use in the Siege of Taif
  • None
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
79 Battle of Autas 630 Defend against an attack by a league of tribes that formed an alliance to attack him. Washington Irving claims that the tribes were hostile to Muhammad and wanted to attack him because he was spreading Islam by the sword, and because the tribes feared Muhammad would attack them anyway for vengeance
  • Enemy defeated, many killed by Muslims
80 Expedition of Abu Amir Al-Ashari January 630 Chase the enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn
  • Muslims: 1 Killed
  • Non-Muslims: 9 Killed
81 Expedition of Abu Musa Al-Ashari January 630 Chase the enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn
  • At least 1 killed, men, women and children taken captives by Muslims
82 Siege of Ta'if January 630 Attack enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn and sought refuge in the fortress of Taif
  • Muslims: 12 killed
  • Non-Muslims: Unknown
83 Expedition of Uyainah bin Hisn April 630 Attack the Muslim tribe of Banu Tamim for refusing to pay tax (Zakat)
  • 11 men, 21 women and 30 boys, captured by Muslims
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
84 Expedition of Qutbah ibn Amir May 630 Attack the Banu Khatham tribe to capture booty
  • Muslims: many wounded, some killed
  • Non-Muslims: many wounded, some killed, some women captured
85 Expedition of Dahhak al-Kilabi June 630 To call the Banu Kilab tribe to embrace Islam
  • 1 killed by Muslims
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
86 Expedition of Alqammah bin Mujazziz July 630 Attack a group of Abyssinians (Ethiopians) who Muhammad suspected were pirates
  • None, Ethiopians flee
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
87 Third Expedition of Dhu Qarad July 630 Muhammad sent him to take revenge for the killing of the son of Abu Dhar Ghifari at al-Ghaba
  • None
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
88 Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib July 630 Destroy al-Qullus, an idol worshipped by pagans
  • Many men, women and children taken captive by Muslims
89 Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan (Udhrah and Baliy) July 630 Attack the tribes of Udhrah and Baliy, no further details
  • Unknown
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
90 Battle of Tabouk October 630 Attack the Byzantine empire. Mubarakpuri claims, reason was revenge for the killing of 1 of Muhammad's ambassadors by a Christian chief of al-Balaqa, which led to the Battle of Mutah. Mubrakpuri claims this was the reason for the Battle of Tabouk also, and that there was a rumour Heraclius was preparing an attack on Muslims. William Muir claims Heraclius wanted to prevent the recurrence of Muslim attacks such as the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan against the Banu Udrah tribe. A tribe that was aligned to the Byzantine Empire
  • None, no enemies met
91 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Dumatul Jandal) October 630 Attack the Christian prince of Duma.
  • 1 killed, 2 taken captive
92 Expedition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb 630 To demolish the idol al-Lat
  • Unknown
  • Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet
93 Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar 630 Demolish a mosque for promoting opposition
  • None (speculation that people may have been burnt)
  • Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet
94 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (2nd Dumatul Jandal) April 631 Demolish an idol called Wadd, worshipped by the Banu Kilab tribe
  • Banu Abd-Wadd and Banu Amir al-Ajdar tribe members killed by Muslims
95 Expedition of Surad ibn Abdullah April 631 Ordered Surad ibn Abdullah (new convert) to war against the non-Muslim tribes in his neighbourhood
  • Heavy casualties, people of Jurash killed
  • Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet
96 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Najran) June 631 Call on the people of Najran to embrace Islam or fight the Muslims
  • None, Banu Harith tribe surrenders and converts to Islam
  • Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet
  • Hamidullah, Majmu'ah (Original letters of Muhammad)
97 Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Mudhij) December 631 Attack the Banu Nakhla tribe to reduce them to submission
  • 20 killed by Muslims.
98 Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Hamdan) 632 To call the people of Hamdan to embrace Islam
  • None
  • Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet
99 Demolition of Dhul Khalasa April 632 Demolish the Temple of Dhul Khalasa worshipped by the Bajila and Khatham tribes
  • 300 killed by Muslims
100 Expedition of Usama bin Zayd May 632 Invade Palestine and attack Moab and Darum
  • Local population "slaughtered" by Muslims, "destroying, burning and taking as many captives as they could" according to Moshe Gil of Cambridge University

Notes

  • Ibn Hisham edited the biography of Muhammad written by Ibn Ishaq. Ibn Ishaq's work is lost and is now only known in the recensions of Ibn Hisham and al-Tabari. Therefore, when Ibn Hisham is mentioned as a primary source, so is Ibn Ishaq

References

  1. ^ Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. 1956. p. 2. ISBN 978-0195773071. In the first two or three expeditions the numbers involved are given as from 20 to 80. In those of the later part of 623 (ii-vi/2), however, when Muhammad himself took part, they are said to have ranged up to 200. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) (free online)
  2. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 127. (online)
  3. ^ Hawarey, Dr. Mosab (2010). The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic). Islamic Book Trust. ISBN 9789957051648. {{cite book}}: External link in |first= (help)Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available here
  4. ^ Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād, p. 345.
  5. ^ Richard A. Gabriel, Muhammad, Islam's first great general, p. 73.
  6. ^ Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād, p. 346.
  7. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 4. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  8. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 4. ASIN B0007JAWMK. august 623 Then occurred the sariyyah of Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqa towards al-Kharar in Dhu al-Qa'dah (May–June 623 AC) Cite error: The named reference "autogeneratedy" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  9. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-0887063442, In Safar (which began August 4, 623), nearly twelve months after his arrival in Medina on the twelfth of Rabi' al- Awwal, he went out on a raid as far as Waddan
  10. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 345. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  11. Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 118.
  12. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 13, ISBN 978-0887063442, Expeditions Led by Muhammad Then the Messenger of God led an expedition in Rabi' al-Akhir (which began October 2, 623) in search of Quraysh. He went as far as Buwat
  13. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 128. (online)
  14. ^ The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 285. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  15. ^ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 245, ISBN 978-9960899558
  16. ^ The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. pp. 285–286. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  17. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 286. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  18. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.128-131. (online)
  19. Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 246, ISBN 978-9960899558
  20. Muhammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād, p. 347.
  21. Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 247, ISBN 978-9960899558 See footnote 1, page 247
  22. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-0887063442, Some say the Battle of Badr took place on 19 Ramadan (March 15, 624).
  23. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 132. (online)
  24. Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 3) 2nd Edition, p. 386, ISBN 1861797699, MSA Publication Limited, 2009. (online)
  25. Muḥammad Aḥmad Bāshmīl, The great battle of Badr, p. 122.
  26. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 133-138. (online)
  27. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 137. (online)
  28. ^ The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 210. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  29. William Muir (1861), The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder and co, p. 130
  30. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 35. ASIN B0007JAWMK. SARIYYAH OF `UMAYR IBN `ADI. Then (occurred) the sariyyah of `Umayr ibn `Adi Ibn Kharashah al-Khatmi against `Asma' Bint Marwan, of Banu Umayyah Ibn Zayd, when five nights had remained from the month of Ramadan, in the beginning of the nineteenth month from the hijrah of the apostle of Allah.
  31. ^ The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. pp. 675–676. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  32. William Muir (1861), The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder and co, p. 133
  33. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 675. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  34. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 31. ASIN B0007JAWMK. "Then occurred the "sariyyah" of Salim Ibn Umayr al-Amri against Abu Afak, the Jew, in Shawwal in the beginning of the twentieth month from the hijrah
  35. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. xiii, ISBN 978-0887063442
  36. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.150-151. (online)
  37. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 361. Raid called al-Sawiq {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  38. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 33–34. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  39. Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 254.
  40. Watt (1956), Muhammad at Medina, p. 209.
  41. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.149-150. (online)
  42. Sāzmān-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī (1987), Al-Tawḥīd, vol. 5, Tehran, Iran: Islamic Propagation Organization, International Relations Dept, p. 86
  43. Rodwell, JM, The Koran, Phoenix, p. 342, ISBN 978-1-8421-2609-7, This was the taunt of the jews of the tribe of Kainoka, when Muhammad demanded tribute of them in the name of God.
  44. Abū Khalīl, Shawqī (2003). Atlas of the Quran. Dar-us-Salam. p. 248. ISBN 978-9-9608-9754-7.(online)
  45. A Reader on classical Islam. Princeton University Press. 1993. p. 78. ISBN 978-0691000404. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  46. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. Vol. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 32. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  47. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 86, ISBN 978-0887063442
  48. William Muir (1861), The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder and co, p. 140
  49. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 147. (online)
  50. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 659. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  51. ^ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 100, ISBN 978-0887063442
  52. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. 1956. p. 17. ISBN 978-0195773071. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) (free online)
  53. ^ Strauch, Sameh (2006), Biography of the Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 472, ISBN 9789960980324
  54. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. Vol. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 40–41. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  55. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 35. ASIN B0007JAWMK. SARIYYAH FOR SLAYING KA'B IBN AL-ASHRAF Then (occurred) the sariyyah for slaying Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf, the Jew. It took place on 14 Rabi' al-Awwal (4. September AC 624))
  56. Uri Rubin, The Assassination of Kaʿb b. al-Ashraf, Oriens, Vol. 32. (1990), pp. 65-71.
  57. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.151-153. (online)
  58. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 153. (online)
  59. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. 1956. p. 17. ISBN 978-0195773071. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) (online)
  60. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 362. Raid of al Furu of Bahran {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  61. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 290 (footnote 1).
  62. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 99, ISBN 978-0887063442
  63. William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 14
  64. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 204. (online)
  65. Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The Sealed Nectar, Darussalam Publications, p. 204
  66. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 482. THE KILLING OF SALLAM IBN ABU'L-HUQAYQ {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  67. William Montgomery Watt (1961), Muhammad, Prophet and Statesman, Oxford University Press, p. 135, ISBN 0198810784, The Battle of Uhud (23rd March 625) About...
  68. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 105, ISBN 978-0887063442, Messenger of God to Uhud. This is said to have been on Saturday, 7 Shaw- wal, in Year Three of the Hijrah (March 23, 625).
  69. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 181. (online)
  70. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 292.
  71. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , pp. 299-300.
  72. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 296 (footnote 2).
  73. ^ Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. 1956. p. 34. ISBN 978-0195773071. The expeditions to Hamra' al-Asad and Qatan (March and June 625) {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) (free online)
  74. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 181-183. (online)
  75. Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman (2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 4 (Part 4): Al-I-Imran 93 to An-Nisaa 23 2nd Edition, MSA Publication Limited, p. 89, ISBN 9781861796820(online)
  76. ^ Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume (translator) (2002), The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah), Oxford University Press, pp. 461–464, ISBN 978-0-19-636033-1 {{citation}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  77. ^ Peters, Muhammad and the Origins of Islam, p. 222-224.
  78. ^ Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 137-141.
  79. Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 4 (Part 4): Al-I-Imran 93 to An-Nisaa 23 2nd Edition, p. 89, MSA Publication Limited, 2009, ISBN 186179682X
  80. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 390. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  81. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 349.
  82. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. Vol. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 150. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  83. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 186-187. (online)
  84. Sunnah.org, says Ahmad 3:496, al-Waqidi 2:533, archive
  85. Abu Dawud 2:1244, hadithcollection.com (archive)
  86. Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator) (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet, State University of New York Press, p. 121, ISBN 978-0887066917 {{citation}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: year (link) (online)
  87. Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr (2000), The life of the prophet Muḥammad: a translation of al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, Garnet, p. 190, ISBN 978-1859640098
  88. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 187. (online)
  89. ^ Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. 1956. p. 33. ISBN 978-0195773071. The common version, however, is that B. Lihyan wanted to avenge the assassination of their chief at Muhammad's instigation, and bribed two clans of the tribe of Khuzaymah to say they wanted to become Muslims and ask Muhammad to send instructors. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) (online)
  90. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. 1956. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-19-577307-1. The common version, however, is that B. Lihyan wanted to avenge the assassination of their chief at Muhammad's instigation, and bribed two clans of the tribe of Khuzaymah to say they wanted to become Muslims and ask Muhammad to send instructors. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) (online)
  91. Kailtyn Chick, Kailtyn Chick, p. 338, Hamlet Book Publishing , 2013
  92. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 187-188. (online)
  93. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. Vol. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 66. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  94. ^ Abū Khalīl, Shawqī (2003). Atlas of the Quran. Dar-us-Salam. p. 242. ISBN 978-9960897547. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help)(online)
  95. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211.
  96. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 147, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2
  97. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, pp. 350-351.
  98. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, pp. 149–150, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2
  99. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 147, ISBN 978-0887063442
  100. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 151, ISBN 978-0887063442, Then in Safar (which began July 13, 625), four months after Uhud, he sent out the men of Bi'r Ma'unah
  101. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 188. (online)
  102. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 352.
  103. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 352 (footnote 1).
  104. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 161, ISBN 978-0887063442, The Messenger of God remained in Medina after the expedition against the Banu al-Nadir for the two months of Rabi' and part of the month of Jumada (from August 1 1 to late October, 625)
  105. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 189. (online)
  106. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. xxxv, ISBN 978-0887063442, The main underlying reason for the expulsion of the clan of al-Nadir was the same as in the case of Quaynuqa, namely, that Jewish criticisms endangered the ordinary Muslim's belief in Muhammad's prophethood and in the Quran as revelation from God.
  107. World religions and norms of war. United Nations University Press. 2009. p. 296. ISBN 9789280811636. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
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  109. Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
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  113. Muir, William (1861), The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 220–222
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  115. Muir, William (1861), The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder & Co, p. 222 See footnote
  116. Muir, William (1861), The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 225–226
  117. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 193-194. (online)
  118. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 657. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  119. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. Vol. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 76. ASIN B0007JAWMK. Ghazwah of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, to Dumat Al-Jandal
  120. Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 216.
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  122. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 196-198. (online)
  123. Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 21 (Part 21): Al-Ankaboot 46 to Al-Azhab 30 2nd Edition, p. 122, MSA Publication Limited, 2009, ISBN 1861797338. (online)
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  126. ^ William Muir (2003), The life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing, p. 317, ISBN 9780766177413
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  129. Subhash C. Inamdar (2001), Muhammad and the Rise of Islam: The Creation of Group Identity, Psychosocial Press, p. 166 (footnotes), ISBN 1887841288
  130. Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 14-16.
  131. Encyclopedia of Islam, section on "Muhammad"
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  133. Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator) (1997), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, pp. 35–36, ISBN 9780791431504 {{citation}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  134. Sunan Abu Dawood, 14:2665
  135. Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:52:280
  136. Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman (2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21, MSA Publication Limited, p. 213, ISBN 9781861796110(online)
  137. ^ Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 338.
  138. Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator) (1997), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, pp. 35–36, ISBN 9780791431504 {{citation}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  139. Muhammad Yasin Mahzar Siddiqi, Role of Booty in the economy during the prophets time, Vol. 1, King Abdul Aziz University , p.11. (archive), "In the sixth year of the hijrah (June, 627-May, 628A.D.) there were three ghazawa t but no booty was obtained from them. Of the 18 saraya, during this year only seven yielded any monetary or material benefits to the Muslims The very first expedition of the year i.e. Muhammad b. Maslamah's expedition..."
  140. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 204. (online)
  141. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 96. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  142. ^ Al-Waqidi, Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, p. 534-535.
  143. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 96. ASIN B0007JAWMK. SARIYYAH OF MUHAMMAD IBN MASLAMAH AGAINST AL-QURATA
  144. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 205. (online)
  145. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 104. ASIN B0007JAWMK. Then occurred the sariyyah of 'Ukkashah Ibn Mihsan al-Asadl on al-Ghamr.
  146. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 205. (online)
  147. ^ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 119, ISBN 978-0887063442
  148. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 105. ASIN B0007JAWMK. despatched Muhammad Ibn Maslamah with ten men towards Bana Tha'labah and Bana 'Uwal, a branch of Bana Tia'labah who were...
  149. Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator) (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet, State University of New York Press, p. 123, ISBN 978-0887066917 {{citation}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: year (link) (online)
  150. Yahiya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi (2005), Riyad-us Saliheen, Islamic Books See no. 1309
  151. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 97. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  152. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 99. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  153. Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 351, Islamic Book Trust
  154. Tabari, The History of Al-Tabari Vol. 8: The Victory of Islam: Muhammad at Medina A, p. 43, SUNY Press, 1997, ISBN 0791431509
  155. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 231. (online)
  156. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. 1956. p. 42. ISBN 978-0195773071. Then there was the raid on Muhammad's private herd of camels by 'Uyaynah b. Hisn al-Fazari, who was doubtless annoyed because Muhammad had broken off negotiations with him over the withdrawal of Ghatafan. The raid was a small affair. Only 40 enemy horsemen were involved, and the booty was only 20 milking camels; 8 Muslims pursued on horseback, recovered half the camels, and killed 4 of the raiders for the loss of i of their own number. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) (free online)
  157. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 100. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  158. Uri Rubin (1998), The Life of Muḥammad, Ashgate, p. 223, ISBN 9780860787037, Haritha on the raid to al-Jamum and Zayd obtained goats and sheep and captured a group of unbelievers...
  159. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 106. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  160. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. 1956. p. 96. ISBN 978-0195773071. One was a little-known expedition about September 627 {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) (free online)
  161. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 107. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  162. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 206. (online)
  163. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 107. ASIN B0007JAWMK. Sariyyah of Zayd ibn Haritha towards al-Taraf
  164. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 226. (online)
  165. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 108. ASIN B0007JAWMK. Sariyyah of Zayd ibn Haritha against Hisma
  166. William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, pp. 12-13.
  167. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 109. ASIN B0007JAWMK. Sariyyah of Zayd ibn Haritha towards Wadi al-Qura
  168. Sir William Muir (1861), The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira: with introductory chapters on the original sources for the biography of Mahomet and on the pre-Islamite history of Arabia, Volume 3, Smith, Elder & Co, p. 237 (abridged version)
  169. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 207-209. (online)
  170. William Muir (2003), The life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing, p. 310, ISBN 9780766177413 (original)
  171. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 490. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  172. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. (online)
  173. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 672. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  174. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. (online)
  175. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 672. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  176. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. (online)
  177. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 110. ASIN B0007JAWMK. SARIYYAH OF 'ALI IBN ABl TALIB AGAINST BANU SA'D IBN BAKR AT FADAK
  178. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. (online)
  179. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. (online)
  180. ^ Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator) (1997), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, pp. 95–97, ISBN 9780791431504 {{citation}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  181. ^ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, pp. 18-19.
  182. Sahih al-Bukhari, 1:4:234
  183. Tafsir ibn Kathir, Surai Madiah 5:39, "The Punishment of those who cause mischief in the Land", and Tafsir ibn Kathir, 5:39, Text version
  184. ^ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 17
  185. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 241. (online)
  186. Tirmidhi (Partial translation), see no. 3923, p. 182.
  187. Nasiruddin Khattab, English Translation of Musnad Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal, Darussalam, 2012, ISBN 6035001076 (online txt) (onlinde pdf)
  188. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 665. Abdullah b. Rawaha's raid to kill al-Yusayr b. Rizam {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  189. Emory C. Bogle (1998), Islam: origin and belief, University of Texas Press, p. 19.
  190. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 214-215.
  191. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 211. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  192. ^ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 180. ISBN 978-9960897714.(online)
  193. Tafsir ibn Kathir (abridged), Pg 554, By Ibn Kathir, Translation by Saifur Rahman al Mubarakpuri, also see Tafsir ibn Kathir 59:7, Text Version
  194. Ibn Kathir, Saifur Rahman al-Mubarakpuri (translator), Tafsir ibn Kathir (abridged), p. 555 (footnote 1 & 2).
  195. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. 1956. p. 2. ISBN 978-0195773071. Muhammad had thus a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. The moment he chose for the attack May /June 628 (i/y) shortly after his return from the expedition of al-Hudaybiyah was one when it was also convenient for him to have booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) (free online)
  196. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. 1956. p. 2. ISBN 978-0195773071. Muhammad had thus a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. The moment he chose for the attack May /June 628 (i/y) shortly after his return from the expedition of al-Hudaybiyah was one when it was also convenient for him to have booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) (free online)
  197. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 238. (online)
  198. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 432.
  199. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , pp. 433-434.
  200. William Muir, The Life of Mahomet (2003), p. 394.
  201. ^ Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, enumerating with them the expedition of Wadi al-Qura. He stated that he fought there with his slave Mid'am{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  202. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 146. ASIN B0007JAWMK. The Sariyyah of 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab, may Allah show him mercy, on Turabah
  203. ^ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 83 (footnote 2).
  204. Sunan Abu Dawood, 14:2632
  205. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 146. ASIN B0007JAWMK. The Sariyyah of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, on Banu Kilab at Najd
  206. ^ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 205. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  207. William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 83 (footnote 3).
  208. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 148. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  209. William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 83 (footnote 3).
  210. William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 84.
  211. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 149. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  212. Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator) (1997), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, p. 132, ISBN 9780791431504 {{citation}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  213. ^ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 212. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  214. ^ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 94.
  215. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 156. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  216. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 149. ASIN B0007JAWMK. THE SARIYYAH OF BASHIR IBN SA'D AL-ANSARI TOWARDS YAMAN AND JAMAR
  217. ^ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 93.
  218. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 244. (online)
  219. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 153. ASIN B0007JAWMK. THE SARIYYAH OF IBN ABI AL-'AWJA AL-SULAMI AGAINST BAND SULAYM
  220. William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 93 (footnote).
  221. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 244. (online)
  222. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 157. ASIN B0007JAWMK. THE SARIYYAH OF SHUJA' IBN WAHB AL-ASADl AGAINST BANU AMIR AT AL-SIYYI
  223. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 158. ASIN B0007JAWMK. THE SARIYYAH OF KA'B IBN 'UMAYR AL-GHIFARl TOWARDS DHAT ATLAH BEYOND WADI AL-QURA. Then (occurred) the sariyyah of Ka'b Ibn 'Umayr al-Ghifar? towards Dhat Atlah which lies beyond Wadi al-Qura in the month of Rabi' al-Awwal of the eighth...
  224. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 246. (online)
  225. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 245. (online)
  226. Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 218. ISBN 978-9960897714. Note: 6th Month, 8AH = September 629
  227. William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 104.
  228. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 247.
  229. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 162. ASIN B0007JAWMK. The Sariyyah of 'Amr Ibn al-'As towards DMt al-Salasil which is beyond Wadi al-Qura
  230. Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 218. ISBN 978-9960897714. Note: Rajab, 8AH = October 629
  231. ^ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 106.
  232. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 206. (online)
  233. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 163. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  234. Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator) (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet, State University of New York Press, p. 123, ISBN 978-0887066917 {{citation}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: year (link) (online)
  235. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 242. (online)
  236. ^ The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. pp. 671–672. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  237. ^ Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator) (1997), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, p. 151, ISBN 9780791431504 {{citation}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  238. ^ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 218. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  239. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 247. (online)
  240. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 164. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  241. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 164. ASIN B0007JAWMK. THE SARIYYAH OF ABO QATADAH IBN RIB'I AL- ANSARl TOWORDS BATN IDAM.
  242. Sahih Muslim, 43:7176
  243. Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition. p. 94. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  244. Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition. p. 94. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  245. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 165–174. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  246. ^ Wahid Khan, Maulana (2002), Muhammad: a prophet for all humanity, Goodword, pp. 327–333
  247. Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:582
  248. Sunan Abu Dawood, 14:2678
  249. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 251-253.
  250. ^ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 226. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  251. ^ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 134.
  252. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 256. (online)
  253. Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 9), Volume 9. p. 320. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) (online)
  254. Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham (1952). The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām. Princeton University Press. p. 25. ASIN B002G9N1NQ. (online)
  255. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 181. ASIN B0007JAWMK. THE SARIYYAH OF 'AMR IBN AL-'AS AGAINST SUWA'
  256. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 181. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  257. Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham (1952). The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām. Princeton University Press. pp. 13–14. ASIN B002G9N1NQ. (online)
  258. ^ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 135.
  259. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 561. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  260. Muhsin Khan, The translation of the meanings of Ṣahih AL-Bukhari, Arabic-English, Volume 5, p. 440.
  261. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 561. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  262. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 183. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  263. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 261. (online)
  264. William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 143.
  265. ^ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 142.
  266. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 261-262. (online)
  267. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 194. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  268. William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 145.
  269. Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron (translator) Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors, State University of New York (SUNY) Press, 1998, p. 101, ISBN 0791428192, Part of the events of Hunayn in the year 8/630 {{citation}}: Check |url= value (help)
  270. Irving, Washington (February 21, 2008), Lives of Mahomet and his successors, Kessinger Publishing, LLC, pp. 111–113, ISBN 978-0548883037. Note: A Full version of this book is available free on Google books
  271. Ashraf, Shahid (15 Jun 2005), Encyclopaedia Of Holy Prophet And Companion (Set Of 15 Vols.), Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd, p. 31, ISBN 978-8126119400{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  272. Chapters on marriage and divorce: responses of Ibn Ḥanbal and Ibn Rāhwayh. University of Texas Press. 1993. p. 38. ISBN 9780292776722. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  273. Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (11 November 2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147, MSA Publication Ltd, p. 24, ISBN 9781861795632 (online) Quote: ""We captured some women from the area of Awtas who were already married, and we disliked having sexual relations with them because they already had husbands. So, we asked the Prophet about this matter, and this Ayah was revealed"
  274. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 262. (online)
  275. Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, p. 17, ISBN 978-0887066917{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link). See footnote 128
  276. ^ Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, p. 17{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  277. Sameh, Strauch (2003), Miracles of the messenger, Darussalam Research Division, p. 177, ISBN 978-9960897561
  278. Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 481, ISBN 978-9960899558 Note: Shawwal 8AH is January 630AD
  279. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 591. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  280. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 591. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  281. Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 228. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  282. Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 477.
  283. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 269. (online)
  284. Muir, William (August 1878), The Life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing Co (10 Aug 2003), p. 450, ISBN 978-0766177413{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  285. Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (11 November 2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 26 (Part 26), MSA Publication Ltd, p. 110, ISBN 978-1861797469
  286. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 198. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  287. Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 229. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  288. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 200–201. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  289. Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 230. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  290. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 201. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  291. Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 231. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  292. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202. ASIN B0007JAWMK. THE SARIYYAH OF 'ALQAMAH IBN MUJAZZIZ AL-MUDLIJI AGAINST AL-HABASHAH
  293. Muir, William (10 August 2003). Life of Mahomet. Kessinger Publishing Co. p. 451. ISBN 978-0766177413.
  294. A. J. Cameron, A. J. Cameron (Ph.D.), Abû Dharr al-Ghifârî: an examination of his image in the hagiography of Islam, p. 33.
  295. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  296. Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 233. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  297. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 269-270. (online)
  298. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  299. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  300. ^ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 239. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  301. ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 203. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  302. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 272.
  303. William, William (10 August 2003). Life of Mahomet. Kessinger Publishing Co. p. 454. ISBN 978-0766177413.
  304. R.L. Bidwell (editor), R. (Feb 1996). New Arabian studies, Volume 3. University of Exeter Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0859894791. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help); External link in |title= (help)
  305. Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (29 October 2009). The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4), Tafsir ibn Kathir. MSA Publication Ltd. p. 107. ISBN 978-1861796509.
  306. Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (29 October 2009). The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4), Tafsir ibn Kathir. MSA Publication Ltd. p. 137. ISBN 978-1861796509.
  307. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 277.
  308. Muir, William (10 August 2003). Life of Mahomet. Kessinger Publishing Co. pp. 458–459. ISBN 978-0766177413.
  309. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 205. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  310. Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, p. 46, ISBN 978-0887066917{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link) Note: Source says this happened in the same year as the Battle of Tabuk which occurred in October 630
  311. Muir, William (August 1861), The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder and co., p. 206{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  312. Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, pp. 45–46{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  313. The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4) 2nd Edition. MSA Publication Limited. 2009. p. 176. ISBN 1861796501. Retrieved 29 June 2011. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) Note: source says it was destroyed when Muhammad returned from the Battle of Tabuk (which occurred in October 630)
  314. Gabriel, Richard A. (2008), Muhammad, Islams first general, University of Oklahoma Press, p. 198, ISBN 9780806138602
  315. Rahman al Mubarakpuri, Saifur. Tafsir ibn Kathir(abridged). p. 515. (Online)
  316. Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, p. 60{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  317. ^ William Pickthall, Marmaduke (1967). Islamic culture, Volume 9. Islamic Culture Board. p. 191. ISBN 978-1142491741. Original is from the University of Virginia
  318. ^ ibn al Kalbi, Hisham (1952). The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām. Princeton University Press. p. 48. ASIN B002G9N1NQ.
  319. William Pickthall, Marmaduke (1967). Islamic culture, Volume 9. Islamic Culture Board. p. 191. ISBN 978-1142491741.
  320. Sale, George (12 Jan 2010). The Koran: commonly called the Alcoran of Mohammed, Volume 1. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 40. ISBN 978-1142491741.
  321. Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham (1952). The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām. Princeton University Press. pp. 48–49. ASIN B002G9N1NQ. (online)
  322. ^ Muir, William (1861), The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder and co, p. 219, Beginning of A.H. X Note: Muharram is the beginning of the year, then Muharram 10AH= April 631 Cite error: The named reference "Muir August 1878 219" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  323. Jandora, John Walter (1990), The march from Medina: a revisionist study of the Arab conquests, Kingston Press, Original from: University of Michigan, p. 42, ISBN 9780940670334
  324. ^ Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, pp. 88–89{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  325. ^ Muir, William (August 1878), The life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing Co, p. 224{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  326. Saed Abdul Rahman, Muhammad (11 Nov 2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 3 (Part 3): Al-Baqarah 253 to Al-I-'Imran 92 2nd Edition, MSA Publication Ltd, p. 125, ISBN 978-1861796776{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
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