| Revision as of 11:33, 12 April 2016 editAntonSamuel (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Page movers14,076 editsmNo edit summary← Previous edit | Revision as of 16:04, 13 April 2016 edit undoQalib Qaragol (talk | contribs)9 editsmNo edit summaryTag: Visual editNext edit → | ||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Other places}} | {{Other places}} | ||
| {{Redirect| |
{{Redirect|https://az.wikipedia.org/Laçın_rayonu}} | ||
| {{Coord|39|38|27|N|46|32|49|E|region:AZ_type:city|display=title}} | {{Coord|39|38|27|N|46|32|49|E|region:AZ_type:city|display=title}} | ||
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
| |website = | |website = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| Lachin – a district in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Its administrative center is Lachin city. In 1930, this territory was established and given the status of a district. Lachin district was occupied on 18 May 1992 by the Republic of Armenia. | |||
| '''Lachin''' ({{lang-az|Laçın}} (] for "hawk"), {{lang-hy|Բերձոր}} '''Berdzor'''; also '''Abdallyar''', '''Datschin''') or '''Berdzor''' is a town internationally recognized as part of ], but currently controlled by the '']'' independent unrecognized ]. Since 1992 the area has been under the control of ], which has renamed the town Berdzor, and acts as the capital of ].<ref>Holding, Nicholas (2006). ''Armenia with Nagorno Karabagh, 2nd: The Bradt Travel Guide''. Guilford, Connecticut: Globe Pequot Press, p. 208. ISBN 1-84162-163-3.</ref> The government of Azerbaijan considers it to be the regional center of its ]. The town and its surrounding region serve as the strategic ] connecting the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic with ]. | |||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| It was originally known as '''Abdalyar''' or '''Abdallyar''' (after the Turkic ]).<ref name="Pospelov">Pospelov, p. 23</ref><ref name="Karapetian">]. ''Armenian Cultural Monuments in the Region of Karabagh''. Yerevan: Gitutiun Publishing House, 2001, p. 169.</ref><ref>''Map of Armenia and Adjacent Countries'' by ] and F. Oswald in ''Armenia, Travels and Studies''. London: Longmans, 1901.</ref> It was granted town status in 1923 and renamed Lachin (a Turkic first name meaning ''falcon'') in 1926.<ref name="Pospelov" /> | It was originally known as '''Abdalyar''' or '''Abdallyar''' (after the Turkic ]).<ref name="Pospelov">Pospelov, p. 23</ref><ref name="Karapetian">]. ''Armenian Cultural Monuments in the Region of Karabagh''. Yerevan: Gitutiun Publishing House, 2001, p. 169.</ref><ref>''Map of Armenia and Adjacent Countries'' by ] and F. Oswald in ''Armenia, Travels and Studies''. London: Longmans, 1901.</ref> It was granted town status in 1923 and renamed Lachin (a Turkic first name meaning ''falcon'') in 1926.<ref name="Pospelov" /> | ||
| The district has one city, one settlement (Gayghi settlement) and 125 villages. It is located in the south west of Azerbaijan and is predominantly mountainous. The district shares borders with Kalbajar district in the north, Khojali, Shusha and Khojavand districts in the east, Gubadli district in the south and Armenia in the west. The distance between the administrative center of the district and Baku via highway is 450 km, and 60 km to Khankendi railway station. | |||
| In the early 1920s, ]'s letter to ] "had implied that Lachin was to be included in Azerbaijan, but the authorities in Baku and Yerevan were given promises that were inevitably contradictory."<ref>Alexandre Bennigsen and S. Enders Wimbush. ''Muslims of the Soviet Empire''. C. Hurst & Co Publishers, 1986, pp. 202, 286. ISBN 1-85065-009-8.</ref> The town of Lachin on July 7, 1923 became the administrative center of ], often known as Red Kurdistan, before it was moved to ].<ref>McDowall, David. ''A Modern History of the Kurds'', 3rd. ed. London: I.B. Tauris, 2004, p. 492.</ref> It was dissolved on April 8, 1929: Kurdish schools and newspapers were closed.<ref>Catherine Cosman, "Soviet Kurds Face Loss of Their Identity," '']'', May 13, 1991/June 2, 1991.</ref> According to Bushkapin{{Who|date=May 2008}}, official statistics from 1931 say that there were 3,322 Kurdish speakers in Lachin. {{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} Most of the Kurdish population in Lachin were Shi'a Muslims and there was a Kurdish minority in the area before the ]. | |||
| Lachin district is an administrative rayon in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Established in 1930. Situated in the Lesser Caucasus, in the south-west of Azerbaijan. Bordered by Armenia on the west. It occupies an area of 1835 km2, while the population is 68,900 (as of 01.01.2006). The capital is the city of Lachin. | |||
| The rayon includes the city of Lachin, the settlement of Gayghi, the villages of Agbulag (Ağbulaq), Alkhasli (Alxaslı), Ahmadli (Əhmədli), Hajilar (Hacılar), Gulabird (Güləbird), Jagazur (Cağazur), Gushchu (Quşçu), Minkand (Minkənd), Mirik (Mirik), Mihsni (Mişni), Sadinlar (Sadınlar), Sheylanli (Şeylanlı), Agjakand (Ağcakənd), Ardushlu (Arduşlu), Agjayazi (Ağcayazı), Ashagi Farajan (Aşağı Fərəcan), Farajan (Fərəcan), Bozlu (Bozlu), Galaja (Qalaca), Bulunduz (Bülündüz), Ayibazar (Ayıbazar), Birinji Ipak (Birinci İpək), Vagazin (Vaqazin), Bozguney (Bozgüney), Kalafalig (Kalafalıq), Hajikhanli (Hacıxanlı), Govushug (Qovuşuq), Budagdere (Budaqdərə), Hochaz (Hoçaz), Mollalar (Mollalar), Uluduz (Uludüz), Avazlar (Avazlar), Dashli (Daşlı), Velibeyli (Vəlibəyli), Nanshlar (Nanşlar), Hetemler (Hətəmlər), Kaha (Kaha), Jijimli (Cicimli), Ashagi Jijimli (Aşağı Cicimli), Gazidere (Qazıdərə), Zabukh (Zabux), Sus (Sus), Gizilja (Qızılca), Baylik (Bəylik), Irchan (İrçan), Chambarkhach (Çəmbərxaç), Khumarta (Xumarta), Garabeyli (Qarabəyli), Lalebaghirli (Lələbağırlı), Korjabulag (Korcabulaq), Zerti (Zerti), Khirmanlar (Xırmanlar), Birinci Tigik (Birinci Tığik), Ikinji Tigik (İkinci Tığik), Garigishlag (Qarıqışlaq), Soyugbulag (Soyuqbulaq), Gilichli (Qılıçlı), Zeyve (Zeyvə), Kohnekend (Köhnəkənd), Gishlag (Qışlaq), Ayrik (Əyrik), Alijan (Alıcan), Gozlu (Qozlu), Finge (Fingə), Gorchu (Qorçu), Zagaalti (Zağaaltı), Goshasu (Qoşasu), Alpout (Alpout), Bulovluk (Bülövlük), Kurdhaji (Kürdhacı), Arikli (Ərikli), Hajisamli (Hacısamlı), Garasaggal (Qarasaqqal), Kamalli (Kamallı), Chiragli (Çıraqlı), Garakechdi (Qarakeçdi), Katos (Katos), Malkhalaf (Malxələf), Mazutlu (Mazutlu), Malikpaya (Məlikpəyə), Malibey (Malıbəy), Agoglan (Ağoğlan), Husulu (Hüsülü), Ziyrik (Ziyrik), Migidere (Mığıdərə), Deyirmanyani (Dəyirmanyanı), Tarkhanli (Tərxanlı), Dayhan (Dəyhan), Baldirganli (Baldırğanlı), Oguldere (Oğuldərə), Agalarushagi (Ağalaruşağı), Pirjahan (Pircahan), Seyidler (Seyidlər), Aligulu (Əliqulu), Garachanli (Qaraçanlı), Pichenis (Piçənis), Khachinyali (Xaçınyalı), Kohne Jorman (Köhnə Corman), Sonasar (Sonasar), Mayıs (Mayis), Tezekend (Təzəkənd), Hagnazar (Haqnəzər), Ardashavi (Ərdəşəvi), Safiyan (Səfiyan), Khanalilar (Xanalılar), Suarasi (Suarası), Turkler (Türklər), Farrash (Fərraş), Nureddin (Nurəddin), Fetelipeye (Fətəlipəyə), Aganus (Ağanus), Unannovu (Unannovu), Arab (Ərəb), Turshsu (Turşsu), Shelve (Şəlvə), Imanlar (İmanlar), Dambulag (Dambulaq), Shamken (Şamkənd), Alakchi (Ələkçi), Bozdogan (Bozdağan), Jorman (Corman), Naghdali (Nağdalı). | |||
| The area is mountainous. Lachin extends to the south-western slope of Karabakh ridge on the east, to the | |||
| The area is mountainous. Lachin extends to the south-western slope of Karabakh ridge on the east, to the south-eastern slope of Mikhtokan ridge on the north, to Karabakh plateau on the south-west. The highest point is the Qızılboga mountain (3594 m). Jurassic-anthropogenic sediments are spread. The rayon has mineral resources such as mercury, polymetals, building materials, Narzan-type mineral water springs. Mild warm and cold climate with dry winter prevails over the most of the area. The average temperature is from -10°C to 0°C in January, from 10°C to 22°C in July. Annual precipitation is 600-900 mm. The rayon`s river is Hakari and its tributaries. The most spread soil types are sod mountainous-meadow, brown mountainous-forest and carbonate mountainous-black. The vegetation comprises bushy and rare woods, deciduous mountain forests (oak, hornbeam, beech), sub-alpine and alpine meadows. Animals: mountain goats, deer, wild boars, squirrels, dormice, common voles. Lachin preserve was established. | |||
| Lachin is an agricultural region. Cattle-breeding occupies the major place in its economy. | |||
| There are 149 secondary schools, 2 pre-school and 5 extracurricular educational institutions, a vocational school, a children creativity center, 85 clubs, 119 libraries, 5 music schools, and 142 health facilities in the rayon. | |||
| The cave-temple (5th century), mausoleums (14th-19th century), a castle (17th century), a mosque (1718), a palace (1716), a bridge (18th century) are registered architectural monuments in the territory of Lachin. | |||
| Occupied on May 18, 1992, by the Armenian armed forces. | |||
| On May 15, 1992, during the ], the ] took control of the first land-corridor to Armenia.<ref>Baev, Pavel K. ''The Russian Army in a Time of Troubles''. International Peace Research Institute, 1996, p. 124. ISBN 0-7619-5187-3.</ref> Previously, on May 13, 1992 ] threatened Armenia that, "It would intervene militarily if ] and Lachin were not restored to Azerbaijan".<ref name=autogenerated1>A Study of Crisis, by Michael Brecher, Jonathan Wilkenfeld, 1997, p. 565</ref> Russia responded by signing a military agreement with Armenia, pledging military aid if its security was threatened. On May 20, 1992, Turkey reassured Russia that it would not intervene militarily.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Thus, after three years of blockade, a land bridge linking the Republic of Armenia with the territory of Nagorno Karabakh was established. In the fall of 1992, Azerbaijani forces tried to regain control over Lachin, but were repulsed. All of Lachin's Azerbaijani and Kurdish population fled as a result of the fall of the region to ethnic Armenian forces. | On May 15, 1992, during the ], the ] took control of the first land-corridor to Armenia.<ref>Baev, Pavel K. ''The Russian Army in a Time of Troubles''. International Peace Research Institute, 1996, p. 124. ISBN 0-7619-5187-3.</ref> Previously, on May 13, 1992 ] threatened Armenia that, "It would intervene militarily if ] and Lachin were not restored to Azerbaijan".<ref name=autogenerated1>A Study of Crisis, by Michael Brecher, Jonathan Wilkenfeld, 1997, p. 565</ref> Russia responded by signing a military agreement with Armenia, pledging military aid if its security was threatened. On May 20, 1992, Turkey reassured Russia that it would not intervene militarily.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Thus, after three years of blockade, a land bridge linking the Republic of Armenia with the territory of Nagorno Karabakh was established. In the fall of 1992, Azerbaijani forces tried to regain control over Lachin, but were repulsed. All of Lachin's Azerbaijani and Kurdish population fled as a result of the fall of the region to ethnic Armenian forces. | ||
Revision as of 16:04, 13 April 2016
For other places with the same name, see Lachin (disambiguation). "https://az.wikipedia.org/Laçın_rayonu" redirects here. For other uses, see https://az.wikipedia.org/Laçın_rayonu (disambiguation).39°38′27″N 46°32′49″E / 39.64083°N 46.54694°E / 39.64083; 46.54694
Place| Laçın/Berdzor Laçın/Բերձոր | |
|---|---|
 Berdzor | |
| Country | De jure AzerbaijanDe facto  Nagorno-Karabakh |
| District Province | Lachin Kashatagh |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Arthur Sahakyan |
| Population | |
| • Total | 1,900 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (UTC) |
Lachin – a district in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Its administrative center is Lachin city. In 1930, this territory was established and given the status of a district. Lachin district was occupied on 18 May 1992 by the Republic of Armenia.
History
It was originally known as Abdalyar or Abdallyar (after the Turkic Abdal tribe). It was granted town status in 1923 and renamed Lachin (a Turkic first name meaning falcon) in 1926.
The district has one city, one settlement (Gayghi settlement) and 125 villages. It is located in the south west of Azerbaijan and is predominantly mountainous. The district shares borders with Kalbajar district in the north, Khojali, Shusha and Khojavand districts in the east, Gubadli district in the south and Armenia in the west. The distance between the administrative center of the district and Baku via highway is 450 km, and 60 km to Khankendi railway station.
Lachin district is an administrative rayon in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Established in 1930. Situated in the Lesser Caucasus, in the south-west of Azerbaijan. Bordered by Armenia on the west. It occupies an area of 1835 km2, while the population is 68,900 (as of 01.01.2006). The capital is the city of Lachin.
The rayon includes the city of Lachin, the settlement of Gayghi, the villages of Agbulag (Ağbulaq), Alkhasli (Alxaslı), Ahmadli (Əhmədli), Hajilar (Hacılar), Gulabird (Güləbird), Jagazur (Cağazur), Gushchu (Quşçu), Minkand (Minkənd), Mirik (Mirik), Mihsni (Mişni), Sadinlar (Sadınlar), Sheylanli (Şeylanlı), Agjakand (Ağcakənd), Ardushlu (Arduşlu), Agjayazi (Ağcayazı), Ashagi Farajan (Aşağı Fərəcan), Farajan (Fərəcan), Bozlu (Bozlu), Galaja (Qalaca), Bulunduz (Bülündüz), Ayibazar (Ayıbazar), Birinji Ipak (Birinci İpək), Vagazin (Vaqazin), Bozguney (Bozgüney), Kalafalig (Kalafalıq), Hajikhanli (Hacıxanlı), Govushug (Qovuşuq), Budagdere (Budaqdərə), Hochaz (Hoçaz), Mollalar (Mollalar), Uluduz (Uludüz), Avazlar (Avazlar), Dashli (Daşlı), Velibeyli (Vəlibəyli), Nanshlar (Nanşlar), Hetemler (Hətəmlər), Kaha (Kaha), Jijimli (Cicimli), Ashagi Jijimli (Aşağı Cicimli), Gazidere (Qazıdərə), Zabukh (Zabux), Sus (Sus), Gizilja (Qızılca), Baylik (Bəylik), Irchan (İrçan), Chambarkhach (Çəmbərxaç), Khumarta (Xumarta), Garabeyli (Qarabəyli), Lalebaghirli (Lələbağırlı), Korjabulag (Korcabulaq), Zerti (Zerti), Khirmanlar (Xırmanlar), Birinci Tigik (Birinci Tığik), Ikinji Tigik (İkinci Tığik), Garigishlag (Qarıqışlaq), Soyugbulag (Soyuqbulaq), Gilichli (Qılıçlı), Zeyve (Zeyvə), Kohnekend (Köhnəkənd), Gishlag (Qışlaq), Ayrik (Əyrik), Alijan (Alıcan), Gozlu (Qozlu), Finge (Fingə), Gorchu (Qorçu), Zagaalti (Zağaaltı), Goshasu (Qoşasu), Alpout (Alpout), Bulovluk (Bülövlük), Kurdhaji (Kürdhacı), Arikli (Ərikli), Hajisamli (Hacısamlı), Garasaggal (Qarasaqqal), Kamalli (Kamallı), Chiragli (Çıraqlı), Garakechdi (Qarakeçdi), Katos (Katos), Malkhalaf (Malxələf), Mazutlu (Mazutlu), Malikpaya (Məlikpəyə), Malibey (Malıbəy), Agoglan (Ağoğlan), Husulu (Hüsülü), Ziyrik (Ziyrik), Migidere (Mığıdərə), Deyirmanyani (Dəyirmanyanı), Tarkhanli (Tərxanlı), Dayhan (Dəyhan), Baldirganli (Baldırğanlı), Oguldere (Oğuldərə), Agalarushagi (Ağalaruşağı), Pirjahan (Pircahan), Seyidler (Seyidlər), Aligulu (Əliqulu), Garachanli (Qaraçanlı), Pichenis (Piçənis), Khachinyali (Xaçınyalı), Kohne Jorman (Köhnə Corman), Sonasar (Sonasar), Mayıs (Mayis), Tezekend (Təzəkənd), Hagnazar (Haqnəzər), Ardashavi (Ərdəşəvi), Safiyan (Səfiyan), Khanalilar (Xanalılar), Suarasi (Suarası), Turkler (Türklər), Farrash (Fərraş), Nureddin (Nurəddin), Fetelipeye (Fətəlipəyə), Aganus (Ağanus), Unannovu (Unannovu), Arab (Ərəb), Turshsu (Turşsu), Shelve (Şəlvə), Imanlar (İmanlar), Dambulag (Dambulaq), Shamken (Şamkənd), Alakchi (Ələkçi), Bozdogan (Bozdağan), Jorman (Corman), Naghdali (Nağdalı).
The area is mountainous. Lachin extends to the south-western slope of Karabakh ridge on the east, to the
The area is mountainous. Lachin extends to the south-western slope of Karabakh ridge on the east, to the south-eastern slope of Mikhtokan ridge on the north, to Karabakh plateau on the south-west. The highest point is the Qızılboga mountain (3594 m). Jurassic-anthropogenic sediments are spread. The rayon has mineral resources such as mercury, polymetals, building materials, Narzan-type mineral water springs. Mild warm and cold climate with dry winter prevails over the most of the area. The average temperature is from -10°C to 0°C in January, from 10°C to 22°C in July. Annual precipitation is 600-900 mm. The rayon`s river is Hakari and its tributaries. The most spread soil types are sod mountainous-meadow, brown mountainous-forest and carbonate mountainous-black. The vegetation comprises bushy and rare woods, deciduous mountain forests (oak, hornbeam, beech), sub-alpine and alpine meadows. Animals: mountain goats, deer, wild boars, squirrels, dormice, common voles. Lachin preserve was established.
Lachin is an agricultural region. Cattle-breeding occupies the major place in its economy.
There are 149 secondary schools, 2 pre-school and 5 extracurricular educational institutions, a vocational school, a children creativity center, 85 clubs, 119 libraries, 5 music schools, and 142 health facilities in the rayon.
The cave-temple (5th century), mausoleums (14th-19th century), a castle (17th century), a mosque (1718), a palace (1716), a bridge (18th century) are registered architectural monuments in the territory of Lachin.
Occupied on May 18, 1992, by the Armenian armed forces.
On May 15, 1992, during the Nagorno-Karabakh War, the Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army took control of the first land-corridor to Armenia. Previously, on May 13, 1992 Turkey threatened Armenia that, "It would intervene militarily if Shusha and Lachin were not restored to Azerbaijan". Russia responded by signing a military agreement with Armenia, pledging military aid if its security was threatened. On May 20, 1992, Turkey reassured Russia that it would not intervene militarily. Thus, after three years of blockade, a land bridge linking the Republic of Armenia with the territory of Nagorno Karabakh was established. In the fall of 1992, Azerbaijani forces tried to regain control over Lachin, but were repulsed. All of Lachin's Azerbaijani and Kurdish population fled as a result of the fall of the region to ethnic Armenian forces.
Terrain
The town is scenically built on the side of a mountain on the left bank of Akera River.
Nagorno-Karabakh war
Lachin town and the surrounding rayon were the location of severe fighting during the 1990-1994 Nagorno-Karabakh war, and the town has not wholly recovered from the destruction of that war. Lachin is the most important town under Armenian control because of the Lachin corridor, which links Armenia to Nagorno-Karabakh. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Minsk Group co-chairs noted that "Lachin has been treated as a separate case in previous negotiations." This is because Lachin is Nagorno Karabakh's humanitarian and security corridor. Without it, Nagorno-Karabakh would remain an isolated enclave. The Lachin corridor and the Kelbajar district have been at the center of Armenian demands during the Nagorno-Karabakh peace talks with Azerbaijan.
On 16 June 2015 European Court of Human Rights passed a judgement in the case of ″Chiragov and Others v. Armenia″, which concerned the complaints by six Azerbaijani ethnically Kurdish refugees that they were unable to return to their homes and property in the district of Lachin, in Azerbaijan, from where they had been forced to flee in 1992 during the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh. The Court confirmed that Armenia exercised effective control over Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories and thus had jurisdiction over the district of Lachin. The Court found that the denial by the Armenian Government of access to the applicants’ homes constituted an unjustified interference with their right to respect for their private and family lives as well as their homes.
Administrative divisions and sister cities
Berdzor is the capital of Kashatagh Region.
Berdzor is twinned with:
See also
References
Notes
- Բերձոր քաղաքի համայնքապետի հաշվետվություն
- http://stat-nkr.am/files/publications/2015/LXH_tverov_2015.pdf
- ^ Pospelov, p. 23
- Karapetian, Samvel. Armenian Cultural Monuments in the Region of Karabagh. Yerevan: Gitutiun Publishing House, 2001, p. 169.
- Map of Armenia and Adjacent Countries by H. F. B. Lynch and F. Oswald in Armenia, Travels and Studies. London: Longmans, 1901.
- Baev, Pavel K. The Russian Army in a Time of Troubles. International Peace Research Institute, 1996, p. 124. ISBN 0-7619-5187-3.
- ^ A Study of Crisis, by Michael Brecher, Jonathan Wilkenfeld, 1997, p. 565
- Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- CountryWatch - Interesting Facts Of The World
- Press release issued by the Registrar of the Court. "Azerbaijani refugees' rights violated by lack of access to their property located in district controlled by Armenia". European Court of Human Rights. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
- Serop From Syria Starts Anew in Berdzor: "Rich or poor, it's the homeland"
- "Azerbaijan Protests California Town’s Recognition of Nagorno-Karabakh." RIA Novosti. December 6, 2013.
Sources
- Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь." (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary." Москва, "Русские словари", 1993.
External links
- Pictures of Lachin
- Demographic Crisis in Lachin (Berdzor)
- More information about Lachin (Berdzor) from Armeniapedia.com
- "Lachin (Berdzor)". Azerb.com. Retrieved February 4, 2007.
- "History of Artsakh (Part 3)".
- Lachin (as Laçın) at GEOnet Names Server
| Administrative divisions of Artsakh | ||
|---|---|---|
| Capital city |  | |
| Provinces | ||
| Provincial capitals | ||
| Other urban communities |
| |
Categories: