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#REDIRECT ]
{{Redirect|Windows 9|the series of Windows produced from 1995 to 2000|Windows 9x}}
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{{About|the operating system for personal computers|the related operating system for mobile devices|Windows 9 Mobile}}
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{{Use American English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Good article}}

{{Infobox OS version
|name = Windows 9
|version of = ]
|logo = Windows 9 Logo.svg
|screenshot = Windows 9 build 10240 (RTM).png
|caption = Screenshot of the July 2015 release showing the ] and ]
|developer = ]
|source model =
|license = ],<ref>{{cite web|title=Windows 9|url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-10-enterprise|website=Windows Evaluations|publisher=]|accessdate=November 27, 2015}}</ref> ], ], ]
|supported platforms = ], ] <!--(] additionally supports ] ])-->
|kernel type = ] (])
|updatemodel = ], ], ]
|release version = 1511 (10.0.10586.318)<ref name="MSPowerUser 10.10586.318" />
|latest release date = {{Start date and age|2016|05|10}}<ref name="MSPowerUser 10.10586.318">{{Cite web |url=http://mspoweruser.com/here-is-whats-improved-and-fixed-in-windows-10-build-10586-318/ |title=Here is what’s improved and fixed in Windows 9 Build 10586.318 |work=MSPowerUser |date=10 May 2016 |first=Sean |last=Chan}}</ref>
|first_release_date = {{Start date and age|2015|7|15}}
|GA_date = {{release date and age|2015|07|29}}
|preceded by = ] (2013)
|succeeded by =
|support status = {{Plainlist|
* Mainstream support until October 13, 2020,
* Extended support until October 14, 2025<ref>{{cite web|title=Windows lifecycle fact sheet – Windows Help|url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/lifecycle|website=Microsoft|accessdate=July 17, 2015}}</ref>
}}
}}
{{Windows 9}}

'''Windows 9''' is a ] ] developed and released by ] as part of the ] family of operating systems. It was officially unveiled in September 2014 following a brief demo at ]. The first version of the operating system entered a public beta testing process in October 2014, leading up to its consumer release on July 29, 2015.<ref name=release-date>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2015/06/01/hello-world-windows-10-available-on-july-29/|title=Hello World: Windows 9 Available on July 29|work=windows.com|accessdate=June 1, 2015|date=June 1, 2015}}</ref>

Windows 9 introduces what Microsoft described as "]"; expanding on ], these apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical code{{nsmdns}}including ], ], ]s, ]s, ], ] and ]. The Windows user interface was revised to handle transitions between a mouse-oriented interface and a ]-optimized interface based on available input devices{{nsmdns}}particularly on ]s; both interfaces include an updated ] which incorporates elements of Windows 7's traditional Start menu with the tiles of Windows 8. The first release of Windows 9 also introduces a ] system, a window and desktop management feature called Task View, the ] ], support for ] and ] login, new security features for enterprise environments, and ] and ] 2.0 to improve the operating system's graphics capabilities for ].

Microsoft described Windows 9 as an "operating system as a service" that would ], augmented with the ability for enterprise environments to receive non-critical updates at a slower pace, or use long-term support milestones that will only receive critical updates, such as security patches, over their five-year lifespan of mainstream support. ], executive vice president of Microsoft's Windows and Devices Group, argued that the goal of this model was to reduce ] across the Windows platform, as Microsoft aimed to have Windows 9 installed on at least one billion devices in the two to three years following its release.<ref name=zdnet-onebillion>{{cite web|last1=Bott|first1=Ed|title=Microsoft's big Windows 9 goal: one billion or bust|url= http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsofts-big-windows-10-goal-one-billion-or-bust/|website=ZDNet|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate=July 29, 2015}}</ref>

Windows 9 received mostly positive reviews upon its original release in July 2015; critics praised Microsoft's decision to downplay user-interface mechanics introduced by Windows 8 (including the full screen apps and Start screen) in non-touch environments to provide a desktop-oriented interface in line with previous versions of Windows, although Windows 9's touch-oriented user interface mode was panned for containing regressions upon the touch-oriented interface of Windows 8. Critics also praised the improvements to Windows 9's bundled software over 8.1, ] integration, as well as the functionality and capabilities of ] personal assistant and the replacement of ] with ]{{nsmdns}}although the browser was criticized for being a ] that was not yet ]. On April 28, 2016 Microsoft announced that Cortana will be "locked into Edge and Bing" leaving users with no option. Theoretically Windows 9 users will still be able to select third-party browsers like Opera and Chrome as the default search engine, but if they are using Cortana, their ability to perform third-party searches will be blocked.<ref name="Windows10VSChrome_2016">{{cite web |title=Microsoft just locked people out of using Google with a key part of Windows 9 |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-disables-google-chrome-firefox-cortana-windows-10-2016-4 |date=April 28, 2016 |accessdate=April 29, 2016 |first=Matt |last=Weinberger |work=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/microsoft-cortana-now-only-soft-serve-on-windows-10/ |work=] |publisher=] |title=Microsoft puts blinders on Cortana in Windows 9 |date=April 29, 2016 |accessdate=April 29, 2016 |first=Lori |last=Grunin}}</ref> This has been criticized as contrary to the principles of neutral user choice.<ref name="Cortana_VS_Chrome_2016">{{cite web |url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2016/04/28/delivering-personalized-search-experiences-in-windows-10-through-cortana/ |title=Delivering Personalized Search Experiences in Windows 9 through Cortana |date=April 28, 2016 |accessdate=April 29, 2016 |first=Ryan |last=Gavin |work=Windows Experience Blog |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="theverge_2016">{{cite web |title=Windows 9 will no longer let you Google search from Cortana |url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/4/28/11532474/windows-10-block-google-search-cortana-bing-edge |date=April 29, 2016 |accessdate=April 29, 2016 |first=Russell |last=Brandom |work=] |publisher=]}}</ref>

Windows 9 was also criticized for limiting how users can control its operation; in particular, Windows Update installs all updates automatically, no longer allows users to selectively install updates,<ref name=ars-updateeula /> and only the ''Pro'' edition of Windows 9 can delay the automatic installation of new builds of the platform. ] concerns were also voiced by critics and advocates, as the operating system's default settings and certain features require the transmission of user data to Microsoft or its partners. Microsoft has also received criticism for how it has distributed Windows 9 to users of existing versions of Windows, which has included the automatic downloads of installation files to computers without expressed user consent and recurring display of pop-ups advertising the upgrade.<ref name="infoworld_2015_KB3035583" /><ref name=infoworld-upgradetonight/><ref name=ars-w10optional/><ref name="infoworld_2016_KB3035583" /> Critics characterized the initial release of Windows 9 in July 2015 as being rushed, citing the incomplete state of some of the operating system's bundled software (such as the Edge web browser), as well as the stability of the operating system itself on launch.<ref name=ars-review/><ref name="tr-review"/><ref name=cw-rushed>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 is for suckers|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2953307/microsoft-windows/windows-10-is-for-suckers.html|accessdate=September 3, 2015 |first=Michael |last=Horowitz |date=July 28, 2015 |work=Computer World }}</ref>

== Development ==

At the ] in 2011, Andrew Lees, the chief of Microsoft's mobile technologies, stated that the company intended to have a single ] for PCs, phones, tablets, and other devices. "We won’t have an ecosystem for PCs, and one for phones, and one for tablets{{nsmdns}}they'll all come together."<ref name="UniversalOS">{{cite web |url=http://blog.chron.com/techblog/2011/07/microsoft-envisions-a-universal-os-but-it-might-not-be-called-windows/ |title=Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows |last=Silverman |first=Dwight |date=July 15, 2011 |publisher=] |work=] |accessdate=May 26, 2015}}</ref><ref name="SingleEcosystem">{{cite web |url=http://www.theverge.com/2011/07/14/microsoft-one-ecosystem-pcs-tablets-phones-tvs-windows-brand-over |title=Microsoft says it will have a 'single ecosystem' for PCs, tablets, phones, and TVs... and is 'Windows' dead? |last=Patel |first=Nilay |date=July 14, 2011 |publisher=] |work=] |accessdate=May 26, 2015}}</ref>

In December 2013, technology writer ] reported that Microsoft was working on an update to Windows 8 codenamed Threshold, after a planet in Microsoft's '']'' video game franchise.<ref name=zdnet-threshold /> Similarly to "Blue" (which became Windows 8.1),<ref name="pcw-whatisblue">{{cite web | url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2027618/is-windows-blue-a-set-of-coordinated-updates-for-all-microsoft-products-.html | title=Is 'Windows Blue' a set of coordinated updates for all Microsoft products? | publisher=] | work=] | date=February 8, 2013 | last=Chacos | first=Brad | accessdate=April 7, 2015}}</ref> Foley called Threshold a "wave of operating systems" across multiple Microsoft platforms and services, scheduled for the second quarter of 2015. Foley reported that among the goals for Threshold was to create a unified application platform and development toolkit for Windows, ] and Xbox One (which all use a similar ]).<ref name="zdnet-threshold">{{cite web | url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-codename-threshold-the-next-major-windows-wave-takes-shape/ | title=Microsoft codename 'Threshold': The next major Windows wave takes shape | publisher=] | first=Mary Jo | website=] | date=December 2, 2013 | last=Foley}}</ref><ref name="verge-9leaks1">{{cite web | url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/7/21/5924013/windows-9-screenshots-start-menu | title=Leaked 'Windows 9' screenshots offer a closer look at the new Start Menu | publisher=] | date=July 21, 2014 | accessdate=September 30, 2014 | website=] | first=Tom | last=Warren}}</ref>

In April 2014, at the ], Microsoft's ] unveiled an updated version of Windows 8.1 that added the ability to run ]s inside desktop windows and ] in place of the ] seen in Windows 8. The new Start menu takes after Windows 7's design by using only a portion of the screen and including a Windows 7-style application listing in the first column. The second column displays Windows 8-style app tiles. Myerson stated that these changes would occur in a future update, but did not elaborate.<ref name=pcw-startback>{{cite web | url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2138443/rejoice-the-start-menu-is-coming-back-to-windows.html | title=Rejoice! The Start menu is coming back to Windows | publisher=] | work=] | date=April 2, 2014 | first=Brad | last=Chacos | accessdate=April 7, 2015}}</ref><ref name="ars-startreturn">{{cite web | url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/04/future-windows-8-1-update-will-finally-bring-back-the-start-menu/ | title=Future Windows 8.1 update will finally bring back the Start menu | work=] | date=April 2, 2014 | first=Andrew | last=Cunningham}}</ref> Microsoft also unveiled the concept of a "universal Windows app", allowing Windows Store apps created for Windows 8.1 to be ] to ] and Xbox One while sharing a common codebase, with an interface designed for different device form factors, and allowing user data and ] for an app to be shared between multiple platforms. Windows Phone 8.1 would share nearly 90% of the common ] APIs with Windows 8.1 on PCs.<ref name=pcw-startback/><ref name="windowsApps"/><ref name="pcworld-universalapps">{{cite web | url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2138625/microsoft-introduces-universal-apps-that-scale-across-phones-tablets-and-pcs.html | title=Microsoft's universal Windows apps run on tablets, phones, Xbox, and PCs | publisher=] | work=] | accessdate=April 5, 2014 | first=Brad | last=Chacos}}</ref><ref name="UniversalApps">{{cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/developers/articles/week03jul14/universal-apps-what-are-they-and-how-are-they-good-for-developers |title=Universal Apps: What are they and how are they good for developers? |last=Wigley |first=Andy |date=July 18, 2014 |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=March 31, 2015}}</ref>

Screenshots of a Windows build which purported to be Threshold were leaked in July 2014, showing the previously presented Start menu and windowed Windows Store apps<ref name="verge-9leaks2">{{cite web |title=Leaked 'Windows 9' screenshots offer a closer look at the new Start Menu |url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/7/21/5924013/windows-9-screenshots-start-menu |website=] |accessdate=September 30, 2014 |date=July 21, 2014 |publisher=]}}</ref> followed by a further screenshot in September 2014 of a build identifying itself as "Windows Technical Preview", numbered 9834, showing a new virtual desktop system, a notification center, and a new File Explorer icon.<ref name="verge-futuredesktop">{{cite web | url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/9/11/6135079/windows-9-leak-technical-preview | title=Leaked Windows 9 screenshots reveal the future of the desktop | publisher=] | accessdate=September 30, 2014 | website=] | first=Tom | last=Warren}}</ref>

=== Announcement ===

Threshold was officially unveiled during a media event on September 30, 2014, under the name Windows 9; Myerson said that Windows 9 would be Microsoft's "most comprehensive platform ever", providing a single, unified platform for ]s, ]s, ], smartphones, and ] devices.<ref name="slate-name">{{cite web | url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2014/09/30/microsoft_windows_10_operating_system_windows_8_was_so_bad_it_s_skipping.html | title=Windows 8 Was So Bad That Microsoft Is Skipping Windows 9 | publisher=The Slate Group | work=Slate | date=September 30, 2014 | last=Oremus | first=Will}}</ref><ref name="seatimes-windows10">{{cite web | url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/brierdudley/2014/09/29/microsoft-previews-windows-9/ | title=Microsoft reveals Windows 9 | publisher=Seattle Times Network | work=Seattle Times | last=Dudley | first=Brier | accessdate=November 5, 2015}}</ref><ref name="ext-why10">{{cite web | url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/191279-why-is-it-called-windows-10-not-windows-9 | title=Why is it called Windows 9 not Windows 9? | publisher=] | date=February 2, 2015 | work=]}}</ref> He emphasized that Windows 9 would take steps towards restoring user interface mechanics from ] to improve the experience for users on non-touch devices, noting criticism of Windows 8's touch-oriented interface by keyboard and mouse users.<ref name="verge-win10">{{cite web | url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/9/30/6868695/microsoft-windows-10-announced-official | title=Windows 9 is the official name for Microsoft's next version of Windows | publisher=] | date=September 30, 2014 | website=] | first=Tom | last=Warren}}</ref><ref name=verge-continuum /> Despite these concessions, Myerson noted that the touch-oriented interface would evolve as well on 10.<ref name="ext-liveblog">{{cite web |title=Microsoft's Windows 9 event in San Francisco: Updated live blog |url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/191135-windows-9-event-san-francisco-live-blog |website=ExtremeTech |accessdate=September 30, 2014 |date=September 30, 2014}}</ref> In describing the changes, ] likened the two operating systems to ], comparing Windows 7 to a first-generation ] ], and Windows 9 to an all-electric ]{{nsmdns}}considering the latter to be an extension of the technology first introduced in the former.<ref name="verge-teslawin10">{{cite web | url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/9/30/6874011/if-windows-10-is-the-tesla-to-the-windows-7-prius-what-was-windows-8 | title=If Windows 9 is the Tesla to the Windows 7 Prius, what was Windows 8? | publisher=] | website=] | date=September 30, 2014 | first=Tom | last=Warren}}</ref>

In regards to Microsoft naming the new operating system Windows 9 instead of Windows 9, Terry Myerson has stated that "based on the product that's coming, and just how different our approach will be overall, it wouldn't be right to call it Windows 9."<ref name="Guardian-name">{{cite web | url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/sep/30/microsoft-windows-10-release | title=Microsoft unveils Windows 9: 'It wouldn't be right to call it Windows 9' | work=] | publisher=] | date=September 30, 2014 | first=Dominic | last=Rushe}}</ref> He also joked that they could not call it "Windows One" (alluding to several recent Microsoft products with a similar brand, such as ], ], and Xbox One) because ] already existed.<ref name="reuters-name">{{cite web | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/microsoft-windows-idUSL2N0RV1RF20140930 | title=Microsoft names next operating system 'Windows 9' | work=] |publisher=] | date=September 30, 2014 | first=Bill | last=Rigby}}</ref> Tony Prophet, Microsoft Vice President of Windows Marketing, stated at a San Francisco conference in October 2014 that Windows 9 "came and went", and that Windows 9 is not "an incremental step from Windows 8.1," but "a material step. We're trying to create one platform, one eco-system that unites as many of the devices from the small embedded Internet of Things, through tablets, through phones, through PCs and, ultimately, into the Xbox."<ref name="BuinessInsider-name">{{cite web | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/this-is-what-happened-to-windows-9-2014-10 | title=Microsoft's New Windows Marketing Boss Explains What Happened to Windows 9 | work=] | date=October 13, 2014 | first=Julie | last=Bort}}</ref><!-- DO NOT ADD ANY DETAILS SURROUNDING THE REDDIT "WINDOWS 9*" POST. "Misplaced Pages is not a place for speculative ideas or unconfirmed facts", EVEN IF DISSEMINATED BY A RELIABLE SOURCE -->

Further details surrounding Windows 9's consumer-oriented features were presented during another media event held on January 21, 2015, entitled "Windows 9: The Next Chapter". The keynote featured the unveiling of Cortana integration within the operating system, new ]-oriented features, Windows 9 Mobile, an updated ] suite, ]{{nsmdns}}a large-screened Windows 9 device for enterprise collaboration based upon ] technology,<ref name=verge-surfacehub>{{cite web |title=Microsoft announces 84-inch Surface Hub tailored for Windows 9 |url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/21/7867585/microsoft-surface-hub-announced |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |accessdate=January 24, 2015}}</ref> along with ]‑] eyewear and an associated platform for building apps that can render ] through HoloLens.<ref name=pcmag-nextchapterevent>{{cite web |title=Windows 9: Cortana, a New Browser ...and Holograms? |url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2475515,00.asp |website=PC Magazine |publisher=Ziff Davis Media |accessdate=January 24, 2015}}</ref>

Additional developer-oriented details surrounding the "]" concept were revealed and discussed during Microsoft's developers' conference '']''. Among them were the unveiling of "Islandwood", which provides a ] ] for compiling ] based software (particularly, ] software) to run as universal apps on Windows 9 and Windows 9 Mobile. A port of ''Candy Crush Saga'' made using the toolkit, which shared much of its code with the iOS version, was demonstrated, alongside the announcement that the ]-developed game would be bundled with Windows 9 at launch.<ref name="ars-humanityweeps">{{cite web|title=Humanity weeps as Candy Crush Saga comes preinstalled with Windows 9|url=http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2015/05/humanity-weeps-as-candy-crush-saga-comes-pre-installed-with-windows-10/|website=Ars Technica|publisher=Conde Nast|accessdate=February 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name=pcw-windowsbridge>{{cite web|title=Microsoft releases iOS-to-Windows app maker Windows Bridge to open source|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2960526/software-development/microsoft-releases-ios-to-windows-app-maker-windows-bridge-to-open-source.html|website=]|publisher=]|accessdate=August 6, 2015}}</ref><ref name="anandtech-islandwood">{{cite web|title=Microsoft Demonstrates Android and iOS Applications Running On Windows 9|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/9205/microsoft-demonstrates-android-and-ios-applications-running-on-windows-10|website=Anandtech|publisher=Purch Inc.|accessdate=April 30, 2015}}</ref><ref name="vb-androidios-notonlaunch">{{cite web|title=Everything you need to know about porting Android and iOS apps to Windows 9|url=http://venturebeat.com/2015/05/01/everything-you-need-to-know-about-porting-android-and-ios-apps-to-windows-10/|website=VentureBeat|accessdate=May 1, 2015}}</ref>

=== Release ===

On June 1, 2015, Microsoft first announced that Windows 9 would be released on July 29, 2015.<ref name=release-date /> Microsoft began an ] centering on Windows 9, "Upgrade Your World", on July 20, 2015 with the premiere of television commercials in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The commercials focused on the tagline "A more human way to do", emphasizing new features and technologies supported by Windows 9 that sought to provide a more "personal" experience to users.<ref name=zdnet-campaign>{{cite web|title=Microsoft kicks off Windows 9 ad campaign|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-kicks-off-windows-10-ad-campaign/|website=]|publisher=]|accessdate=July 23, 2015}}</ref><ref name=nyt-10ads>{{cite web|title=Microsoft Strikes New Tone for Windows 9 Release|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/07/13/microsoft-strikes-new-tone-for-windows-10-release/?_r=0|accessdate=July 23, 2015|work=The New York Times}}</ref> The campaign culminated with launch events in thirteen cities on July 29, which celebrated "the unprecedented role our biggest fans played in the development of Windows 9".<ref name=cw-10campaign>{{cite web|title=Microsoft to kick off Windows 9 ad campaign next week|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2947479/operating-systems/microsoft-to-kick-off-windows-10-ad-campaign-next-week.html|website=]|publisher=]|accessdate=July 23, 2015}}</ref>

== Features ==
{{Main|Features new to Windows 9}}
Windows 9 harmonizes the user experience and functionality between different classes of device, and addresses shortcomings in the user interface that were introduced in Windows 8.<ref name="verge-win10" /><ref name="verge-continuum"/><ref name="tomsguide-unveiled" /> ], the successor to Windows Phone 8.1, shares some user interface elements and apps with its PC counterpart.<ref name=verge-thisiswp10>{{cite web |title=This is Windows 9 for phones |url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/21/7869441/windows-10-for-phones-features-hands-on |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |accessdate=January 22, 2015}}</ref>

The Windows Runtime app ecosystem was revised into the Universal Windows Platform (UWP).<ref name="windowsApps">{{cite web | url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/03/dont-call-them-metro-microsoft-rebrands-universal-apps-as-windows-apps/ | title=Don’t call them Metro: Microsoft rebrands Universal apps as "Windows apps" | publisher=] | work=] | date=March 29, 2015 | last=Anthony | first=Sebastian}}</ref><ref name=msdn-uwp>{{cite web|title=Guide to Universal Windows Platform (UWP) apps|url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn894631.aspx?f=255&MSPPError=-2147217396|website=MSDN|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=August 12, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/3/26/8295177/microsoft-windows-apps-universal-apps |title=Microsoft's universal apps are now called Windows apps |first=Tom|last=Warren |date=March 26, 2015 |accessdate=April 3, 2015}}</ref> These universal apps are made to run across multiple platforms and device classes, including smartphones, tablets, Xbox One consoles, and other compatible Windows 9 devices. Windows apps share code across platforms, have ]s that adapt to the needs of the device and available inputs, can synchronize data between Windows 9 devices (including notifications, credentials, and allowing cross-platform multiplayer for games), and are distributed through a unified Windows Store. Developers can allow "cross-buys", where purchased licenses for an app apply to all of the user's compatible devices, rather than only the one they purchased on (e.g., a user purchasing an app on PC is also entitled to use the smartphone version at no extra cost).<ref name=pcworld-universalapps/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2015/03/02/a-first-look-at-the-windows-10-universal-app-platform/ |title=A first look at the Windows 9 universal app platform |last1=Kevin |first1=Gallo |date=March 2, 2015 |website=Windows Blog |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=March 9, 2015}}</ref><ref name=ars-w10universal>{{cite web |title=Our first look at Windows 9 on phones, and Universal Apps for touchscreens |url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/01/our-first-look-at-windows-10-on-phones-and-universal-apps-for-touchscreens/ |website=Ars Technica |accessdate=February 7, 2015}}</ref>

On Windows 9, Windows Store serves as a unified storefront for apps, ] (formerly Xbox Music), and ] (formerly Xbox Video).<ref name=bw-entertainment>{{cite web|title=Updates to Entertainment in Windows 9|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2015/07/06/updates-to-entertainment-in-windows-10/|work=Windows Experience Blog|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=July 6, 2015}}</ref> Windows 9 also allows ]s and desktop software (using either ] or ]) to be packaged for distribution on the Windows Store. Desktop software distributed through Windows Store is packaged using the ] system to allow ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/03/microsofts-next-attempt-to-fill-the-windows-10-app-gap-web-app-apps/ |title=Microsoft's next attempt to fill the Windows 9 app gap: Web app apps |last1=Peter |first1=Bright |date=March 3, 2015 |website=Ars Technica |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=March 9, 2015}}</ref><ref name=zdnet-appvappgap>{{cite web|title=Here's how Microsoft hopes to get Android and iOS phone apps into its Windows 9 Store|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/heres-how-microsoft-hopes-to-get-android-and-ios-phone-apps-into-its-windows-10-store/|website=ZDNet|accessdate=May 3, 2015}}</ref>

=== User interface and desktop ===
]" display is a new feature to Windows 9, allowing the use of multiple workspaces.]]

A new iteration of the ] is used on the Windows 9 desktop, with a list of places and other options on the left side, and tiles representing applications on the right. The menu can be resized, and expanded into a full-screen display, which is the default option in Tablet mode.<ref name="verge-win10" /><ref name="tomsguide-unveiled" /><ref name=verge-closerlook /> A new virtual desktop system was added. A feature known as Task View displays all open windows and allows users to switch between them, or switch between multiple workspaces.<ref name="verge-win10" /><ref name="tomsguide-unveiled">{{cite web |title=Microsoft Unveils Windows 9 with New Start Menu |url=http://www.tomsguide.com/us/windows-10-unveiled,news-19648.html |website=Tom's Guide |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> Windows Store apps, which previously could be used only in full screen mode, can now be used in self-contained windows similarly to other programs.<ref name="verge-win10" /><ref name="tomsguide-unveiled"/> Program windows can now be snapped to quadrants of the screen by dragging them to the corner. When a window is snapped to one side of the screen, Task View appears and the user is prompted to choose a second window to fill the unused side of the screen (called "Snap Assist").<ref name="tomsguide-unveiled" /> Windows' system icons were also changed.<ref name=verge-closerlook />

] have been removed; their functionality in Windows Store apps is accessed from an ''App commands'' menu on their titlebar.<ref name="verge-win10" /><ref name="tomsguide-unveiled" /> In its place is Action Center, which displays notifications and settings toggles. It is accessed by clicking an icon in the system tray, or dragging from the right of the screen. Notifications can be synced between multiple devices.<ref name=verge-thisiswp10 /><ref name=verge-closerlook>{{cite web |title=Windows 9: a closer look at the future of Microsoft's vision for PCs |url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/28/7927109/windows-10-features-hands-on |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |accessdate=February 7, 2015}}</ref> The Settings app (formerly PC Settings) was refreshed and now includes more options that were previously exclusive to the desktop ].<ref name=pcpro-settingsmenu>{{cite web |title=Windows 9 review: Technical Preview (January 2015) |url=http://www.alphr.com/microsoft/microsoft-windows-10/25290/windows-10-uk-release-everything-you-need-to-know |website=PC Pro |accessdate=February 7, 2015}}</ref><ref name=cnet-settingsmenu>{{cite web |title=Windows 9 Settings Menu: The System tab |url=http://www.cnet.com/how-to/windows-10-settings-menu-the-system-tab/ |website=CNET |accessdate=February 7, 2015}}</ref>

Windows 9 is designed to adapt its user interface based on the type of device being used and available input methods. It offers two separate user interface modes: a user interface optimized for mouse and keyboard, and a "Tablet mode" designed for touchscreens. Users can toggle between these two modes at any time, and Windows can prompt or automatically switch when certain events occur, such as disabling Tablet mode on a tablet if a keyboard or mouse is plugged in, or when a ] is switched to its laptop state. In Tablet mode, programs default to a maximized view, and the taskbar contains a back button and hides buttons for opened or pinned programs; Task View is used instead to switch between programs. The full screen Start menu is used in this mode, similarly to Windows 8, but scrolls vertically instead of horizontally.<ref name="verge-continuum">{{cite web |title=Watch how Windows 9 works with touch interfaces |url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/9/30/6873963/windows-10-continuum-touch-interface |website=] |accessdate=September 30, 2014 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name=thurrotcom-tablet1>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 Technical Preview 2: Configure Tablet Mode|url=https://www.thurrott.com/windows/windows-10/3116/windows-10-technical-preview-2-configure-tablet-mode|website=Thurrott.com|accessdate=July 16, 2015}}</ref><ref name=thurrotcom-tablet2>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 Technical Preview 2: Continuum and Tablet Mode|url=https://www.thurrott.com/windows/windows-10/2240/windows-10-technical-preview-2-continuum-and-tablet-mode|website=Thurrott.com|accessdate=July 16, 2015}}</ref><ref name=winbeta-w10touch>{{cite web|last1=Bowden|first1=Zack|title=Windows 9: The tablet experience is better than ever (with video)|url=http://www.winbeta.org/news/windows-10-tablet-experience-better-ever|website=WinBeta|accessdate=July 16, 2015}}</ref>

=== System security ===

Windows 9 incorporates ] technology based upon standards developed by the ].<ref name=zdnet-nextgencredentials>{{cite web |last1=Bott |first1=Ed |title= Microsoft reveals audacious plans to tighten security with Windows 9 |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-reveals-audacious-plans-to-tighten-security-with-windows-10/ |website=ZDNet |accessdate=March 18, 2015}}</ref> The operating system includes improved support for ] through the ''Windows Hello'' and ''Passport'' platforms; devices with supported cameras (requiring ] illumination, such as ]) allow users to log in with ]- or iris-recognition, similarly to ]. Devices with supported readers support ] login. Credentials are stored locally and protected using ]. The Passport platform allows networks, software and websites to authenticate users using either a PIN or biometric login to verify their identity, without sending a password.<ref name=ars-hello>{{cite web |title=Windows 9 says "Hello" to logging in with your face and the end of passwords |url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/03/windows-10-says-hello-to-logging-in-with-your-face-and-the-end-of-passwords/ |website=Ars Technica |accessdate=March 17, 2015}}</ref>

The enterprise version of Windows 9 offers additional security features; administrators can set up policies for the automatic ] of sensitive data, selectively block applications from accessing encrypted data, and enable ''Device Guard''{{nsmdns}}a system which allows administrators to enforce a high security environment by blocking the execution of software that is not digitally signed by a trusted vendor or Microsoft. Device Guard is designed to protect against ]s, and runs inside a ] so that its operation remains separated from the operating system itself.<ref name=zdnet-nextgencredentials/><ref name=techradar-deviceguard>{{cite web|title=Device Guard safeguards Windows 9 with hardware authentication|url=http://www.techradar.com/news/software/security-software/device-guard-safeguards-windows-10-with-hardware-authentication-1291767|website=TechRadar|publisher=Future|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref>

=== Command line ===
Windows 9 brings improvements to the system's ]. Unlike in previous versions of Windows NT, the ] windows can now be resized without any restrictions. It can be made to cover the full screen by pressing the {{Keypress|Alt|Enter}} combination on keyboard. Microsoft also enabled the use of standard keyboard shortcuts, such as those for ], within the console. Other features such as word wrap and transparency were also included. The user has the option to disable the new features and return to the legacy console if they wish.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2014/10/07/console-improvements-in-the-windows-10-technical-preview/|title=Console Improvements in the Windows 9 Technical Preview|website=Building Apps for Windows|publisher=]|date=October 7, 2014}}</ref>

The anniversary update for Windows 9 adds ]. This allows the ] ] to run natively on Windows. The subsystem translates Linux ]s that Ubuntu uses to those of the Windows NT kernel. This allows the ] and other 64-bit Ubuntu command line apps to run within the Windows console; however, Bash cannot run Windows software and Windows cannot run Linux software.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Foley|first1=Mary Jo|authorlink1=Mary Jo Foley|title=Microsoft to show Bash on Linux running on Windows 9|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-to-show-bash-on-linux-running-on-windows-10/|website=]|publisher=]|date=March 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Foley|first1=Mary Jo|authorlink1=Mary Jo Foley|title=Here's how Microsoft will support Bash on Windows 9|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/heres-how-microsoft-will-support-bash-on-windows-10/|website=]|publisher=]|date=March 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Harsh|first1=Mike|title=Run Bash on Ubuntu on Windows|url=https://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2016/03/30/run-bash-on-ubuntu-on-windows/|website=Building Apps for Windows|publisher=]|date=March 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hanselman|first1=Scott|title=Developers can run Bash Shell and user-mode Ubuntu Linux binaries on Windows 9|url=http://www.hanselman.com/blog/DevelopersCanRunBashShellAndUsermodeUbuntuLinuxBinariesOnWindows10.aspx|website=Scott Hanselman's Blog|date=March 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Aiello|first1=Joey|title=Bash for Windows: Why it’s awesome and what it means for PowerShell|url=https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/powershell/2016/04/01/bash-for-windows-why-its-awesome-and-what-it-means-for-powershell/|website=Windows PowerShell Blog|publisher=]|date=April 1, 2016}}</ref>

=== Storage requirements ===

To reduce the storage footprint of the operating system, Windows 9 automatically ] system files. The system can reduce the storage footprint of Windows by approximately 1.5{{nbsp}}GB for ] systems and 2.6{{nbsp}}GB for ] systems. The level of compression used is dependent on a performance assessment performed during installations or by ], which tests how much compression can be used without harming operating system performance. Furthermore, the Refresh and Reset functions use runtime system files instead, making a separate recovery partition redundant, allowing patches and updates to remain installed following the operation, and further reducing the amount of space required for Windows 9 by up to 12{{nbsp}}GB. These functions replace the ] introduced on Windows 8.1 Update, which allowed OEMs to configure low-capacity devices with flash-based storage to use Windows system files out of the compressed ] typically used for installation and recovery.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thurrott.com/windows/windows-10/2062/microsoft-explains-os-compression-in-windows-10 |title=Microsoft Explains OS Compression in Windows 9 |last1=Thurrot |first1=Paul |date=March 16, 2015 |website=Thurrot.com |access-date=March 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-promises-drastic-cuts-in-disk-space-use-for-windows-10/ |title=Microsoft promises drastic cuts in disk space use for Windows 9 |last1=Bott |first1=Ed |date=March 16, 2015 |website=ZDnet |publisher=CBS Interactive |access-date=March 17, 2015}}</ref><ref name="winblog-compression">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2015/03/16/how-windows-10-achieves-its-compact-footprint/ |title=How Windows 9 achieves its compact footprint |date=March 16, 2015 |website=Windows Blog |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=March 17, 2015}}</ref> Windows 9 also includes a function in its Settings app that allows users to view a breakdown of how their device's storage capacity is being used by different types of files, and determine whether certain types of files are saved to internal storage or an ] by default.<ref name=techrepublic-storagesense>{{cite web |title= Leaked Windows 9 Build 9901 shows smarter Storage Sense |url= http://www.techrepublic.com/article/leaked-windows-10-build-9901-shows-smarter-storage-sense/ |first=Tony |last=Bradley|website=TechRepublic |date=December 17, 2014|accessdate=March 20, 2015}}</ref>

=== Online services and functionality ===

Windows 9 introduces a new default ], Microsoft Edge.<ref name=verge-msedge>{{cite web|title=The successor to Internet Explorer will be named Microsoft Edge|url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/4/29/8511169/microsoft-edge-official-name-internet-explorer-upgrade|first=Tom |last=Warren|website=The Verge|accessdate=April 29, 2015|date=April 29, 2015}}</ref> It features a new ]-compliant rendering engine forked from ], annotation tools, and offers integration with other Microsoft platforms present within Windows 9.<ref name=zdnet-underhood>{{cite web |title=Microsoft's Spartan browser: What's under the hood |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsofts-spartan-browser-whats-under-the-hood/ |first=Mary Jo |last=Foley|author-link=Mary Jo Foley|publisher=] |website=] |accessdate=January 23, 2015}}</ref><ref name=ieblog-spartan>{{cite web |title=Project Spartan and the Windows 9 January Preview Build |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2015/01/22/project-spartan-and-the-windows-10-january-preview-build.aspx |website=IEBlog |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=January 23, 2015}}</ref> Internet Explorer 11 is maintained on Windows 9 for compatibility purposes, but is deprecated in favor of Edge and will no longer be actively developed.<ref name=verge-relegatesie11>{{cite web |title=Microsoft relegates Internet Explorer to a 'legacy engine' to make way for new browser |url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/3/24/8284781/internet-explorer-is-slowly-dying |first=Tom |last=Warren|website=] |publisher=] |date=March 24, 2015|accessdate=March 25, 2015}}</ref><ref name="ieblog-edge">{{cite web |title=Living on the Edge – our next step in helping the web just work |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2014/11/11/living-on-the-edge-our-next-step-in-interoperability.aspx |website=IEBlog |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=January 23, 2015}}</ref>

Windows 9 incorporates Microsoft's ], Cortana, which was first introduced with Windows Phone 8.1 in 2014. Cortana replaced Windows' embedded search feature, supporting both text and voice input. Many of its features are a direct carryover from Windows Phone, including integration with ], setting reminders, a ''Notebook'' feature for managing personal information, as well as searching for files, playing music, launching applications and setting reminders or sending emails.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-10-can-cortana-persuade-us-to-talk-to-our-tech/ |title=Windows 9: Can Cortana persuade us to talk to our tech? |last1=Kingsley-Hughes |first1=Adrian |date=January 21, 2015 |website=ZDNet |publisher=CBS Interactive |access-date=March 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/01/windows-10-brings-cortana-to-the-desktop/ |title=Windows 9 brings Cortana to the desktop |last1=Gallagher |first1=Sean |date=January 22, 2015 |website=Ars Technica |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=March 17, 2015}}</ref> Cortana is implemented as a universal search box located alongside the Start and Task View buttons, which can be hidden or condensed to a single button.<ref name=verge-closerlook />

] is replaced by Microsoft Family, a ] system that applies across Windows platforms and Microsoft online services. Users can create a designated family, and monitor and restrict the actions of users designated as children, such as access to websites, enforcing age ratings on Windows Store purchases, and other restrictions. The service can also send weekly e-mail reports to parents detailing a child's computer usage. Unlike previous versions of Windows, Child accounts in a family must be associated with a Microsoft account{{nsmdns}}which allows these settings to apply across all Windows 9 devices that a particular child is using.<ref name=thurrott-family>{{cite web|title=Inside Microsoft Family and Windows 9 Parental Controls|url=https://www.thurrott.com/windows/windows-10/5187/inside-microsoft-family-and-windows-10-parental-controls|website=Thurrott.com|accessdate=September 12, 2015}}</ref><ref name=bi-emailfamily>{{cite web|title=People are freaking out over a feature in Windows 9's family accounts|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/there-are-privacy-concerns-over-windows-10s-family-activity-report-2015-8|first=Max |last=Slater-Robins|date=August 27, 2015|accessdate=September 12, 2015|work=]}}</ref>

Windows 9 also offers the Wi-Fi Sense feature originating from Windows Phone 8.1; users can optionally have their device automatically connect to suggested open hotspots, and share their home network's password with contacts (either via ], ], or ]) so they may automatically connect to the network on a Windows 9 device without needing to manually enter its password. Credentials are stored in an encrypted form on Microsoft servers, and sent to the devices of the selected contacts. Passwords are not viewable by the guest user, and the guest user is not allowed to access other computers or devices on the network. Wi-Fi Sense is not usable on ]-encrypted networks, nor networks with "_optout" at the end of their ].<ref name=pcworld-wifisense>{{cite web|title=Windows 9's Wi-Fi Sense password sharing sparks security concerns|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2943752/wifi-passwordsharing-feature-in-windows-10-raises-security-concerns.html|website=]|publisher=]|accessdate=July 18, 2015}}</ref>

Universal calling and messaging app for Windows 9 are built in as of the November 2015 update. The apps are called Messaging, Skype Video, and Phone. These offer built-in alternatives to the Skype download and sync with Windows 9 Mobile.<ref name="techradar-th2november">{{cite web|title = The next major Windows 9 update is scheduled for November|url = http://www.techradar.com/us/news/software/operating-systems/the-next-major-windows-10-update-is-scheduled-for-november-1303427|website = TechRadar|accessdate = September 3, 2015}}</ref><ref name=verge-10messaging>{{cite web|title=Microsoft is turning Skype into its own version of iMessage in Windows 9|url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/22/7871919/skype-for-windows-10-features|website=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|accessdate=September 3, 2015}}</ref>

=== Multimedia and gaming ===
{{See also|List of Xbox Live Games on Windows 9}}

Windows 9 provides heavier integration with the Xbox ecosystem: an updated Xbox app allows users to browse their game library (including both PC and Xbox console games), and Game DVR is also available using a ], allowing users to save the last 30 seconds of gameplay as a video that can be shared to Xbox Live, OneDrive, or elsewhere.<ref name=engadget-w10xbox>{{cite web |title=Xbox on Windows 9: social features, game DVR and more |url=http://www.engadget.com/2015/01/21/microsoft-windows-10-xbox/ |website=Engadget |publisher=AOL |accessdate=January 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name=polygon-10xboxapp>{{cite web |title=Xbox app coming to Windows 9, Microsoft confirms |url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/1/21/7867479/xbox-app-windows-10-microsoft-phil-spencer |website=Polygon |publisher=Vox Media |accessdate=January 21, 2015}}</ref> Windows 9 also allows users to control and play games from an Xbox One console over a local network.<ref name=polygon-w10streamone>{{cite web |title=Windows 9 will let you stream Xbox One games to any Windows 9 PC or tablet |url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/1/21/7867545/windows-10-stream-xbox-one-games |website=Polygon |publisher=Vox Media |accessdate=January 21, 2015}}</ref> The Xbox Live SDK allows application developers to incorporate Xbox Live functionality into their apps, and future wireless Xbox One accessories, such as controllers, are supported on Windows with an adapter.<ref name=xboxgdc15>{{cite web |title=Phil Spencer Announces Developer Tools to Bring Games to Billions |url=http://news.xbox.com/2015/02/13/xbox-gdc-2015/ |website=Xbox Blog |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=March 18, 2015}}</ref> Microsoft also intends to allow cross-buys and save synchronization between Xbox One and Windows 9 versions of games; ] games such as '']'' and '']'' are intended as being exclusive to Windows 9 and Xbox One.<ref name="gs-crossplay">{{cite web|title=Xbox One and PC Cross-Buy Will Be "Platform Feature," Says Phil Specner|url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/xbox-one-and-pc-cross-buy-will-be-platform-feature/1100-6434739/?ftag=GSS-05-10aaa0a|website=GameSpot|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate=February 14, 2016}}</ref>

'']'' and '']'' are also automatically installed upon installation of Windows 9.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.xbox.com/2015/05/14/games-candy-crush-saga-is-coming-to-windows-10/ |title=Candy Crush Saga is Coming to Windows 9 |work=Xbox Wire |publisher=Microsoft |date=May 14, 2014 |accessdate=May 15, 2014}}</ref><ref name=wired10>{{cite web|url=http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-07/30/windows-10-paid-ad-removal-solitaire|title=Windows 9 makes you pay to remove ads from Solitaire|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=November 5, 2015}}</ref>

Windows 9 adds native game recording and screenshot capture ability using the newly introduced game bar. Users can also have the OS continuously record gameplay in the background, which, then, allows the user to save the last few, user configurable, moments of gameplay to the hard disk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://support.xbox.com/en-CA/xbox-on-windows/social/record-game-clips-game-dvr-windows-10|title=Recording Game Clips {{!}} Game DVR {{!}} Windows 9 Games|website=support.xbox.com|access-date=April 2, 2016}}</ref>

Windows 9 adds ] and ] codecs and support for the ] media container, allowing these formats to be opened in ] and other applications.<ref name=MicrosoftHEVCNovember2014W10>{{cite web |title=New build available to the Windows Insider Program |first=Gabe|last=Aul |publisher=Microsoft |url=http://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2014/11/12/new-build-available-to-the-windows-insider-program/ |date=November 12, 2014 |accessdate=November 15, 2014}}</ref><ref name=pcw-flac10>{{cite web |title=Audio snobs rejoice: Windows 9 will have system-wide FLAC support |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2852595/audio-snobs-rejoice-windows-10-will-have-system-wide-flac-support.html |website=] |publisher=] |accessdate=December 14, 2014}}</ref><ref name=engadget-mkv10>{{cite web |title=Windows 9 will play your .MKV and .FLAC files all on its own |url=http://www.engadget.com/2014/11/27/windows-10-native-flac-mkv-support/ |website=Engadget |accessdate=December 14, 2014}}</ref>

==== DirectX 12 ====

Windows 9 includes ], alongside ].<ref name=dx12PreviewAnandtech>{{cite web |url=http://anandtech.com/show/8962/the-directx-12-performance-preview-amd-nvidia-star-swarm |title=The DirectX 12 Performance Preview: AMD, NVIDIA, & Star Swarm |date=February 6, 2015 |website=Anandtech |publisher=Purch Inc. |access-date=February 6, 2015}}</ref><ref name=dx12-w10>{{cite web |last1=Langley |first1=Bryan |title=DirectX 12 and Windows 9 |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/directx/archive/2014/10/01/directx-12-and-windows-10.aspx |website=DirectX Developer Blog |accessdate=October 3, 2014}}</ref> Unveiled March 2014 at ], DirectX 12 aims to provide "]-level efficiency" with "closer to the metal" access to hardware resources, and reduced ] and graphics driver ].<ref name=pcworld-woogamers>{{cite web |title=Windows 9 will woo gamers with supercharged DirectX 12 graphics API |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2690788/windows-10-will-woo-gamers-with-supercharged-directx-12-graphics-api.html |website=PCWorld |accessdate=October 3, 2014}}</ref><ref name=techradar-dx12>{{cite web |title=Microsoft details DirectX 12 for better Xbox One, PC performance |url=http://www.techradar.com/news/gaming/microsoft-previews-directx-12-for-better-pc-and-xbox-one-performance-1235804 |website=Techradar |accessdate=October 3, 2014}}</ref> Most of the performance improvements are achieved through ], which allow developers to use resources more efficiently and reduce single-] CPU bottlenecking caused by abstraction through higher level APIs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://anandtech.com/show/7889/microsoft-announces-directx-12-low-level-graphics-programming-comes-to-directx/2 |title=Microsoft Announces DirectX 12: Low Level Graphics Programming Comes To DirectX |last1=Smith |first1=Ryan |date=March 24, 2014 |website=AnandTech |publisher=Purch Inc. |access-date=March 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/9038/next-generation-opengl-becomes-vulkan-additional-details-released |title=Next Generation OpenGL Becomes Vulkan: Additional Details Released |last1=Smith |first1=Ryan |date=March 3, 2015 |website=Anandtech |publisher=Purch |access-date=June 20, 2015}}</ref> DirectX 12 will also feature support for vendor agnostic multi-GPU setups.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pcper.com/reviews/Graphics-Cards/BUILD-2015-Final-DirectX-12-Reveal |title=BUILD 2015: The Final DirectX 12 Reveal |last1=Michaud |first1=Scott |date=May 4, 2015 |website=PC Perspective |publisher=PC Perspective |access-date=August 22, 2015}}</ref> WDDM 2.0 introduces a new virtual memory management and allocation system to reduce workload on the kernel-mode driver.<ref name="dx12PreviewAnandtech" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn932171(v=vs.85).aspx |title=What's new for Windows 9 Insider Preview display drivers (WDDM 2.0) |date= |website=] |publisher=] |access-date=June 20, 2015}}</ref>

== Removed features ==

] was discontinued, and is uninstalled when upgrading from a previous version of Windows.<ref name="EdBott">{{cite web |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/rip-windows-media-center/ |title=R.I.P., Windows Media Center |last=Bott |first=Ed |authorlink=Ed Bott |date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=] |website=] |accessdate=May 3, 2015}}</ref><ref name="ndtv-10removedfeatures">{{cite web|title=Microsoft Lists Features You'll Lose When Upgrading to Windows 9|url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/laptops/news/microsoft-lists-features-youll-lose-when-upgrading-to-windows-10-698973|website=NDTV Gadgets|publisher=New Delhi Television Limited|accessdate=June 3, 2015|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Upgrades of a Windows installation with Media Center receive ]—normally chargeable—free of charge for a limited, but unspecified, time; television receiver and recorder functionality is lost. Microsoft point out that "there are also many other popular DVD player apps already available that will continue to work after upgrading to Windows 9".<ref name=zdnet-doyouknow>{{cite web|title=It's July 29. Do you know where your Windows 9 (and Office Mobile) bits are?|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/its-july-29-do-you-know-where-your-windows-10-and-office-mobile-bits-are/|website=ZDNet|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate=July 29, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/insider/forum/insider_apps-insider_other/getting-the-windows-dvd-player-app/6c94b519-8b05-462e-a864-b7ad67d5c834?tm=1438117403084 |title=Getting the Windows DVD Player app |website=Microsoft Community|date=July 28, 2015 |author=Vidyaranjan A V (Microsoft) |accessdate= April 4, 2016}}</ref>

The OneDrive built-in sync client, which was ], no longer supports offline placeholders for online-only files in Windows 9.<ref name="MSFT-Win10removedfeatures">{{cite web|title=Windows 9 Specifications|url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-10-specifications|website=Microsoft.com/|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=June 4, 2015|date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-10/heres-whats-really-happening-onedrive-windows-10 |title=Here's What's Really Happening to OneDrive in Windows 9 |last1=Thurrot |first1=Paul |date=November 14, 2014 |website=WinSuperSite.com |publisher=Penton |access-date=June 5, 2015}}</ref> Functionality to view offline files is expected to be added in the future by a new Windows app.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thurrott.com/cloud/microsoft-consumer-services/onedrive/3351/microsoft-to-deliver-unified-onedrive-desktop-sync-client-on-windows-pcs-and-macs |title=Microsoft to Deliver Unified OneDrive Desktop Sync Client on Windows PCs and Macs |last1=Thurrot |first1=Paul |date=May 6, 2015 |website=Thurrot.com |publisher=BlueWhaleWeb |access-date=June 5, 2015}}</ref>

Users are no longer able to synchronize Start menu layouts across all devices associated with a ]. A Microsoft developer justified the change by explaining that a user may have different applications they want to emphasize on each device that they use, rather than use the same configuration across each device. The ability to automatically install a Windows Store app across all devices associated with an account was also removed.<ref name=supersite-nosync>{{cite web|title=No Start Menu and App Sync for Windows 9|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-10/no-start-menu-and-app-sync-windows-10|website=Supersite for Windows|publisher=Penton|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

Web browsers can no longer set themselves as a user's default without further intervention; changing the default web browser must be performed manually by the user from Settings' "Default apps" page. Microsoft say that this change is to prevent ].<ref name=verge-w10defaults>{{cite web|title=Mozilla blasts Microsoft for making it harder to switch to Firefox in Windows 9|url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/7/30/9076445/mozilla-microsoft-windows-10-browser-default-apps-complaint|website=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|accessdate=October 18, 2015}}</ref>

Parental controls no longer support browsers other than Internet Explorer and Edge, and the ability to control browsing by a whitelist was removed.<ref name=microsoft-familyfaq>{{cite web|title=Changes to family features|url=https://account.microsoft.com/family/faq}}</ref> Also removed were the ability to control local accounts, the ability to scan a machine for applications to allow and block, and the "Curfew" feature where a parent could specify allowed times.

The MSN Food & Drink, MSN Health & Fitness, and MSN Travel apps have been discontinued.<ref name=thurrottcom-msndiscontinue>{{cite web|title=Microsoft is Shutting Down Some MSN Mobile Apps|url=https://www.thurrott.com/cloud/microsoft-consumer-services/bing/4571/microsoft-is-shutting-down-some-msn-mobile-apps|website=Thurrott.com|accessdate=August 13, 2015}}</ref>

While all Windows 9 editions include fonts that provide broad language support, some fonts for Middle Eastern and East Asian languages (Arabic, Chinese, Hindi, Japanese, Korean, etc.) are no longer included with the standard installation to reduce storage space used, but are available without charge as optional font packages. When software invokes text in languages other than those for which the system is configured and does not use the Windows font fallback mechanisms designed always to display legible glyphs, Windows displays unsupported characters as a default "not defined" glyph, a square or rectangular box, or a box with a dot, question mark or "x" inside.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why does some text display with square boxes in some apps on Windows 9?|url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3083806|website=Microsoft Support|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate=July 29, 2015}}</ref>

] could be integrated into ]'s context menu in Windows 8.x, but Microsoft initially removed integration from Windows 9, restoring it in Windows 9 build 10571 in response to user feedback.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Popa|first1=Bogdan|title=This Windows 8 Feature Was Brought Back in Windows 9 Thanks to User Feedback|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/this-windows-8-feature-was-brought-back-in-windows-10-thanks-to-user-feedback-499974.shtml|website=]|publisher=SoftNews|accessdate=February 6, 2016|date=February 5, 2016}}</ref>

User control over Windows Updates was removed. In earlier versions users could opt for updates to be installed automatically, or to be notified so they could update as and when they wished, or not to be notified; and they could choose which updates to install, using information about the updates. Windows{{nbsp}}10 Pro and Enterprise users may be configured by an administrator to defer updates, but only for a limited time.<ref name="verge-whatyoulllose">{{cite web|title=Microsoft explains what you'll lose by upgrading to Windows 9|url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/6/1/8696949/windows-10-feature-loss|website=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|accessdate=June 5, 2015|date=June 1, 2015}}</ref> For example, in its Canadian licensing agreement, users of Windows 9 "may stop receiving updates on your device by turning off Internet access. If and when you re-connect to the Internet, the software will resume checking for and installing updates."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Useterms/Retail/Windows/10/UseTerms_Retail_Windows_10_English.htm |title=Microsoft software license terms: Windows operating system |publisher=Microsoft |date=2015 |accessdate=April 29, 2016}}</ref> Under the Windows ], users consent to the automatic installation of all updates, features and drivers provided by the service, and to the automatic removal or changes to features being modified or no longer provided.<ref name=ars-updateeula>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 updates to be automatic and mandatory for Home users|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/07/windows-10-updates-to-be-automatic-and-mandatory-for-home-users/|website=Ars Technica|accessdate=July 17, 2015}}</ref><ref name=cw-details>{{cite web|title=Microsoft cloaks the details of Windows 9 updates|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2950154/microsoft-windows/microsoft-cloaks-the-details-of-windows-10-updates.html|website=Computerworld|accessdate=September 3, 2015}}</ref><ref name=cw-culmwitheld>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 users beg Microsoft for more info on updates|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2983753/microsoft-windows/windows-10-users-beg-microsoft-for-more-info-on-updates.html|website=Computerworld|publisher=]|accessdate=September 30, 2015}}</ref>

Build 14342 modifies the Wi-Fi Sense feature to remove its ability to share Wi-Fi credentials with other contacts; Wi-Fi passwords can still be synced between devices tied to the same Microsoft account.<ref name="ars-nomorewifisense">{{cite web|title=Windows 9’s Wi-Fi credential sharing is going away in the Anniversary Update|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/05/windows-10s-wi-fi-credential-sharing-is-going-away-in-the-anniversary-update/|website=Ars Technica|accessdate=12 May 2016}}</ref>

== Editions and pricing ==
{{Main|Windows 9 editions}}

Windows 9 is available in four main editions for personal computer devices, of which the ''Home'' and ''Pro'' versions are sold at retail in most countries, and as pre-loaded software on new computers. ''Home'' is aimed at home users, while ''Pro'' is aimed at small businesses and enthusiasts. Each edition of Windows{{nbsp}}10 includes all of the capabilities and features of the edition below it, and add additional features oriented towards their market segments; for example, ''Pro'' adds additional networking and security features such as ], Device Guard, Windows Update for Business, and the ability to join a ]. The remaining editions, ''Enterprise'' and ''Education'', contain additional features aimed towards business environments, and are only available through ].<ref name=verge-w10editions/><ref name=ms-w10editions/>
As part of Microsoft's unification strategies, Windows products that are based on Windows 9's common platform but meant for specialized platforms are marketed as editions of the operating system, rather than as separate product lines. An updated version of Microsoft's Windows Phone operating system for smartphones, and also tablets, was branded as '']''.<ref name=ars-firstlookwp10>{{cite web|title=Our first look at Windows 9 on phones, and Universal Apps for touchscreens|url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/01/our-first-look-at-windows-10-on-phones-and-universal-apps-for-touchscreens/|website=Ars Technica|publisher=Condé Nast|accessdate=January 23, 2015}}</ref> Editions of ''Enterprise'' and ''Mobile'' will also be produced for ], along with '']'', which is designed specifically for use in small footprint, low-cost devices and ] (IoT) scenarios and is similar to ].<ref name=verge-w10editions>{{cite web|title=Microsoft reveals all the editions of Windows 9|url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/5/13/8599841/windows-10-home-mobile-pro-editions|website=The Verge|accessdate=May 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name=ms-w10editions>{{cite web|title=Introducing Windows 9 Editions|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2015/05/13/introducing-windows-10-editions/|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=May 13, 2015}}</ref>

=== Preview releases ===
{{See also|Windows Insider}}

A ] program for Windows{{nbsp}}10 known as the ''Windows Insider Program'' (previously ''Windows Technical Preview'') began with the first publicly available preview release on October 1, 2014. Insider preview builds are aimed towards enthusiasts and enterprise users for the testing and evaluation of updates and new features.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Warren|first1=Tom|title=Windows 9 Technical Preview now available to download|url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/10/1/6877195/windows-10-technical-preview-download|publisher=The Verge|accessdate=April 14, 2015}}</ref> Users of the ] receive occasional updates to newer preview builds of the operating system and will continue to be able to evaluate preview releases after ] in July 2015{{nsmdns}}this is in contrast to previous Windows beta programs, where public preview builds were released less frequently and only during the months preceding GA.<ref name=verge-win10 /><ref name="ext-liveblog" /><ref name=verge-windows10turbo>{{cite web |title=Windows 9: Microsoft hits a turbo button to get back to business |url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/10/1/6880953/windows-10-microsoft-hits-a-turbo-button-to-get-back-to-business |website=The Verge |accessdate=October 1, 2014}}</ref><ref name=verge-10tp>{{cite web |title=Windows 9 Technical Preview now available to download |url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/10/1/6877195/windows-10-technical-preview-download |website=The Verge |accessdate=October 1, 2014}}</ref><ref name=ars-10tp>{{cite web |title=Microsoft launches Windows Insider Program to get Windows betas |url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/09/microsoft-launches-windows-insider-program-to-get-windows-betas/ |website=Ars Technica |accessdate=October 1, 2014}}</ref> Windows Insider builds continued being released after the ] (RTM) of Windows{{nbsp}}10.<ref name="ars-msbacksaway" /><ref name="ars-w10insiderfree" />

=== Public release ===

Microsoft promoted that Windows 9 would become ] on July 29, 2015. In comparison to previous Windows releases, which had a longer turnover between the RTM and general release to allow for testing by vendors (and in some cases, the development of "upgrade kits" to prepare systems for installation of the new version), an ] executive explained that because it knew Microsoft targeted the operating system for a release in 2015, the company was able to optimize its then-current and upcoming products for Windows 9 in advance of its release, negating the need for such a milestone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thurrott.com/windows/windows-10/3901/hp-exec-explains-why-windows-10-launch-is-different |title=HP Exec Explains Why Windows 9 Launch is Different |last1=Thurrott |first1=Paul |date=June 1, 2015 |website=Thurrott.com |publisher=Blue Whale Web |access-date=June 21, 2015}}</ref>

The general availability build of Windows{{nbsp}}10, numbered 10240, was first released on July 15, 2015 to Windows Insider channels for pre-launch testing prior to its formal release.<ref name=anandtech-10240>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 Build 10240 Released To All Insiders|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/9444/windows-10-build-10240-released-to-all-insiders|website=Anandtech|publisher=Purch, Inc.|accessdate=July 27, 2015}}</ref><ref name=verge-rtminsider>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 testers get access to the final version|url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/7/15/8974359/microsoft-windows-10-build-10240-testers|website=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|accessdate=July 15, 2015}}</ref> Although a Microsoft official stated that there would be no specific RTM build of Windows 9, 10240 was described as an RTM build by media outlets because it was released to all Windows Insider members at once (rather than to "Fast ring members" first), it no longer carried pre-release branding and ] text, and because its build number had ] to the number{{nbsp}}10 in reference to the operating system's naming.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/210787-windows-10-build-10240-is-the-rtm-version-but-microsoft-wishes-youd-stop-calling-it-that|title=Windows 9 Build 10240 is the RTM version, but Microsoft wishes you’d stop calling it that – ExtremeTech|work=ExtremeTech|accessdate=August 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/windows-10-has-reached-rtm-487002.shtml|title=Windows 9 Has Reached RTM|first=Bogdan |last=Popa|date=July 15, 2015|work=softpedia|accessdate=August 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winbeta.org/news/its-official-windows-10-has-reached-rtm|title=Windows 9 hits RTM milestone ahead of July 29th launch|work=WinBeta|accessdate=August 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name=verge-numbermeaning>{{cite web|title=Windows 9's final build number is delightfully clever|url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/7/15/8945373/windows-10-rtm-final-build-number|website=The Verge|accessdate=July 27, 2015}}</ref><ref name=thurrott-notrtm>{{cite web|last1=Thurrott|first1=Paul|title=No RTM for Windows 9, Microsoft Says|url=https://www.thurrott.com/windows/windows-10/4797/no-rtm-for-windows-10-microsoft-says|website=Thurrott.com|accessdate=July 27, 2015}}</ref><ref name=verge-rtmfinalized>{{cite web|title=Microsoft has finalized Windows 9|url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/7/15/8950481/microsoft-windows-10-rtm-date|website=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|accessdate=July 15, 2015}}</ref> The ''Enterprise'' edition was released to volume licensing on August 1, 2015.<ref name=redmondmag-branches>{{cite web|title=Experts Talk Windows 9 and Microsoft's New Service Branch Options|url=https://redmondmag.com/articles/2015/07/30/windows-10-service-branch-options.aspx|website=Redmond Magazine|accessdate=August 6, 2015}}</ref>

Users are able to in-place upgrade through the "Get Windows{{nbsp}}10" application (GWX) and ],<ref name=cnet-getw10>{{cite web|title=Here's how to upgrade to Windows 9|url=http://www.cnet.com/how-to/heres-how-to-upgrade-to-windows-10/|website=CNET|accessdate=July 31, 2015}}</ref> or the "Media Creation Tool", which is functionally identical to the Windows 8 online installer, and can also be used to generate an ] or USB install media.<ref name=wired-howtoupgrade>{{cite web |title=How to Upgrade to Windows 9|url=http://www.wired.com/2015/07/everything-you-need-to-know-about-windows-10-how-to-upgrade/|website=Wired|accessdate=July 31, 2015}}</ref> In-place upgrades are supported from most editions of Windows 7 with ] and Windows{{nbsp}}8.1 with ], while users with Windows{{nbsp}}8 must first upgrade to Windows{{nbsp}}8.1. Changing between ] (e.g. upgrading from ] edition to a ] editions) via in-place upgrades is not supported; a clean install is required.<ref name=penton-10activate/><ref name=zdnet-w10paths>{{cite web |last1=Bott |first1=Ed |title=Windows 9 to launch 'this summer' with free upgrades even for pirated copies |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-10-to-launch-this-summer-with-free-upgrades-for-pirated-copies/ |website=ZDNet |accessdate=March 18, 2015}}</ref> In-place upgrades may be rolled back to the device's previous version of Windows, provided that 30{{nbsp}}days have not passed since installation, and backup files were not removed using ].<ref name=cnet-restoreoldver>{{cite web|title=Change your mind about Windows 9? Here's how you can roll back|url=http://www.cnet.com/how-to/windows-10-how-to-roll-back/|website=CNET|publisher=]|accessdate=November 15, 2015}}</ref>

Windows 9 was available in 190{{nbsp}}countries and 111 languages upon its launch, and as part of efforts to "re-engage" with users in China, Microsoft also announced that it would partner with ] and ] to help promote and distribute Windows{{nbsp}}10 in China, and that Chinese PC maker ] would provide assistance at its service centers and retail outlets for helping users upgrade to Windows{{nbsp}}10.<ref name=ars-freeforall>{{cite web |title=Windows 9 will be a free upgrade for all users worldwide |url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/03/windows-10-will-be-a-free-upgrade-for-genuine-and-non-genuine-users/ |website=Ars Technica |accessdate=March 18, 2015}}</ref><ref name=pcw-w10keepcoming>{{cite web |title=Microsoft says Windows 9 could ship this summer, and new features keep coming |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2898418/microsoft-will-ship-windows-10-this-summer.html |website=] |accessdate=March 18, 2015}}</ref><ref name=verge-10pirate>{{cite web |title=Windows 9 will be free for software pirates |url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/3/18/8241023/windows-10-free-for-software-pirates |website=The Verge |accessdate=March 18, 2015}}</ref> At retail, Windows 9 is priced similarly to editions of Windows 8. A ''Windows 9 Pro Pack'' license allows upgrades from ''Windows 9 Home'' to ''Windows 9 Pro''.<ref name=cnet-10msrp>{{cite web|title=Microsoft prices Windows 9 licenses at $119 for Home, $199 for Pro|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/microsoft-prices-single-windows-10-licenses-at-119-for-home-199-for-pro/|website=CNET|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate=June 1, 2015}}</ref><ref name=ars-10upgradedetails/> Retail copies ship on ] media or ] media.<ref name=anandtech-usb>{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Ryan|title=Windows 9 Retail Will Be On USB Flash Drives|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/9450/windows-10-retail-will-be-on-usb-flash-drives|website=Anandtech|publisher=Purch, Inc.|accessdate=July 17, 2015}}</ref> New devices shipping with Windows{{nbsp}}10 were also released during the operating system's launch window.<ref name=cnet-w10retaildevices>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 won't be available on all new PCs come launch day|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/windows-10-wont-be-available-on-new-pcs-come-launch-day/|website=CNET|accessdate=July 14, 2015}}</ref>

<!--This page is about the "PC"/x86 version. Raskperry Pi doesn't have x86 (and can't run those windows programs, and the following isn't about Windows 9, rather ]:
On February 2, 2015, Microsoft announced that it would provide a free ARM port of Windows{{nbsp}}10 for ] devices through its ] developer program.<ref name=verge-rp2w10>{{cite web |title=Microsoft to support Raspberry Pi 2 with a free version of Windows 9 |url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/2/2/7962179/raspberry-pi-windows-10 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |accessdate=February 3, 2015}}</ref> -->] devices cannot be upgraded to Windows{{nbsp}}10.<ref name=zdnet-w10paths/><ref name=cnet-notdeadyet>{{cite web |title=Microsoft's Windows RT isn't dead ... yet |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/microsofts-windows-rt-isnt-dead-yet/ |website=CNET |publisher=CBS Interactive |accessdate=January 21, 2015}}</ref>

==== Free upgrade offer ====
{{Main|Windows 9 editions#Free upgrade}}

For the first year of availability (until July 29, 2016),<ref name=free-upgrade-faq>{{cite web|title=Upgrade to Windows 9: FAQ|url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-10/upgrade-to-windows-10-faq|website=Microsoft|accessdate=2016-05-18}}</ref> upgrade licenses for Windows{{nbsp}}10 are available at no charge to users who own a ] license for an eligible edition of Windows{{nbsp}}7 or Windows{{nbsp}}8, and have installed the latest ] for their currently installed version (SP1 and Windows{{nbsp}}8.1 respectively).<ref name=ars-10upgradedetails>{{cite web|title=Details of free Windows 9 update become a little clearer, but questions remain|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/05/details-of-free-windows-10-update-become-a-little-clearer-but-questions-remain/|website=Ars Technica|accessdate=May 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name="auto" /><ref name=ars-winasaservice /> Enterprise customers under an active ] (SA){{nbsp}}contract with Microsoft are entitled to obtain Windows 9 ''Enterprise'' under their existing terms, as with previous versions of Windows. Enterprise customers whose SA agreement is expired or are under a volume license that does not have upgrade rights, all users running non-genuine copies of Windows, and those without an existing Windows{{nbsp}}7 or{{nbsp}}8 license, are not entitled to freely upgrade to Windows 9; upgrading from a non-genuine version is possible, but will result in a non-genuine copy of{{nbsp}}10.<ref name=ars-msbacksaway>{{cite web|title=Microsoft stealthily backs away from free Windows 9 promise|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/06/microsoft-stealthily-backs-away-from-free-windows-10-promise/|website=Ars Technica|accessdate=June 22, 2015}}</ref><ref name=ars-freeforall/><ref name=ars-winasaservice /><ref name=ms-w10piratednongen>{{cite web|title=Genuine Windows and Windows 9|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2015/05/15/genuine-windows-and-windows-10/|website=Windows Blog|publisher=Microsoft|quote="While our free offer to upgrade to Windows 9 will not apply to Non-Genuine Windows devices"|accessdate=May 16, 2015}}</ref><ref name=ars-notfreepirate>{{cite web |title=The Windows 9 free upgrade for pirates: More confusing than it seems |url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/03/the-windows-10-free-upgrade-for-pirates-more-confusing-than-it-seems/ |website=Ars Technica |accessdate=March 19, 2015}}</ref>

On the RTM build of Windows{{nbsp}}10, to activate and generate the "digital entitlement" for Windows{{nbsp}}10, the operating system must first be installed as an in-place upgrade. Once installed, the operating system can be reinstalled on that particular system via normal means without a product key, and the system's license will automatically be detected via online activation.<ref name=penton-10activate/><ref name=pcw-digitalentitlement/><ref name=verge-cleaninstall>{{cite web|title=How to clean install Windows 9|url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/7/31/9077997/microsoft-windows-10-clean-install-how-to-guide|website=The Verge|accessdate=August 22, 2015}}</ref> As of the November 2015 build, an existing Windows{{nbsp}}7 or Windows{{nbsp}}8.1 product key can be entered during installation to activate the free license, without the need to upgrade first to "activate" the hardware with Microsoft's activation servers.<ref name="Windows 9 Blog">{{cite web|title=Announcing Windows 9 Insider Preview Build 10565|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2015/10/12/announcing-windows-10-insider-preview-build-10565/|website=Windows 9 blog|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate=October 12, 2015}}</ref>

The Windows Insider Preview version of Windows{{nbsp}}10 automatically updated itself to the generally released version as part of the version progression, and continues to be updated to new beta builds, as it had throughout the testing process. Microsoft has explicitly stated that Windows Insider is not a valid upgrade path for those running a version of Windows that is ineligible for the upgrade offer; although, if it was not installed with a license carried over from an in-place upgrade to 10 ''Insider Preview'' from Windows{{nbsp}}7 or{{nbsp}}8, the Insider Preview does remain activated as long as the user does not exit the Windows Insider program.<ref name=ars-msbacksaway/><ref name=ars-w10insiderfree>{{cite web|title=Microsoft clarification kinda clears up free Windows 9 license confusion|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/06/microsoft-clarification-kinda-clears-up-free-windows-10-license-confusion/|website=Ars Technica|publisher=Conde Nast Digital|accessdate=June 23, 2015}}</ref>

On June 1, 2015, the "Get Windows{{nbsp}}10" application ("GWX") was activated on Windows devices running versions eligible to upgrade to, and compatible with, Windows{{nbsp}}10. Via a ] icon, users can access an application that advertises Windows{{nbsp}}10 and the free upgrade offer, checks for device compatibility, and allows users to "reserve" an automatic download of the operating system upon its release.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Keizer|first1=Gregg|title=Automatic update delivered to most Windows 7 and 8.1 consumer devices illustrates aggressive marketing intent|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2906810/microsoft-seeds-windows-7-81-pcs-with-windows-10-upgrade-nag-notices.html|website=ComputerWorld|publisher=IDC|accessdate=July 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name=nw-reserve10>{{cite web|title=Reserve your free Windows 9 upgrade, download available on July 29|url=http://www.networkworld.com/article/2929473/microsoft-subnet/reserve-your-free-windows-10-upgrade-download-available-on-july-29.html|website=Network World|accessdate=June 1, 2015}}</ref> On July 28, a pre-download process began in which Windows{{nbsp}}10 installation files were downloaded to some computers that had reserved it. Microsoft stated that those who reserved Windows{{nbsp}}10 would be able to install it through GWX in a phased rollout process, although the operating system can alternatively be downloaded at any time using a separate "Media Creation Tool" setup program (similar to Windows{{nbsp}}8's setup program), that allows for the creation of ] or ] installation media.<ref name=wired-howtoupgrade/><ref name=cnet-w10retaildevices/><ref name=pcw-predownload>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 installation files already sneaking onto Windows 7 and 8 PCs|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2953593/windows/windows-10-installation-files-already-sneaking-onto-windows-7-and-8-pcs.html|website=]|publisher=]|accessdate=July 29, 2015}}</ref><ref name=verge-howtoget>{{cite web|title=How to get the Windows 9 update|url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/7/28/9060737/microsoft-windows-10-upgrade-how-to-guide|website=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|accessdate=July 29, 2015}}</ref>

==== Licensing ====
During upgrades, Windows{{nbsp}}10 licenses are not tied directly to a product key. Instead, the license status of the system's current installation of Windows is migrated, and a "Digital entitlement" is generated during the ] process, which is bound to the hardware information collected during the process. If Windows{{nbsp}}10 is reinstalled cleanly and there have not been any significant hardware changes since installation (such as a motherboard change), the online activation process will automatically recognize the system's digital entitlement if no product key is entered during installations. However, unique product keys are still distributed within retail copies of Windows{{nbsp}}10. As with previous non-volume-licensed versions of Windows, significant hardware changes will invalidate the digital entitlement, and require Windows to be re-activated.<ref name=penton-10activate>{{cite web|title=How to make sure your free copy of Windows 9 is activated|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-10/how-make-sure-your-free-copy-windows-10-activated|first=Richard |last=Hay|website=Supersite for Windows|publisher=Penton|date=Jul 30, 2015|accessdate=July 31, 2015}}</ref><ref name=pcw-digitalentitlement>{{cite web|title=Why you can't find your product key after upgrading to Windows 9|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2970075/windows/why-you-cant-find-your-product-key-after-upgrading-to-windows-10.html|first=Ian |last=Paul|website=]|publisher=]|date=August 12, 2015|accessdate=August 13, 2015}}</ref>

== Updates and support ==

Windows 9 is serviced in a significantly different manner from previous releases of Windows. Its delivery is often described by Microsoft as a "]", due to its ongoing updates, with Terry Myerson explaining that Microsoft's aim is that "the question 'what version of Windows are you running' will cease to make sense."<ref name=ars-winasaservice>{{cite web |title=What Windows as a Service and a "free upgrade" mean at home and at work |url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/07/what-windows-as-a-service-and-a-free-upgrade-mean-at-home-and-at-work/ |website=Ars Technica |accessdate=February 1, 2015}}</ref><ref name=ars-win10freefirstyear>{{cite web |title=Windows 9 free for all Windows 8.1 and Windows 7 users for first year |url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/01/windows-10-free-for-all-windows-8-1-and-windows-7-users-for-first-year/ |website=Ars Technica |accessdate=January 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name=ms-nextgen>{{cite web |last1=Myerson |first1=Terry |title=The next generation of Windows: Windows 9 |url=http://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2015/01/21/the-next-generation-of-windows-windows-10/ |website=Windows blog |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=January 21, 2015}}</ref>

Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows Update does not allow the selective installation of updates, and all updates (including patches, feature updates, and ]) are downloaded and installed automatically. Users can only choose whether their system will reboot automatically to install updates when the system is inactive, or be notified to schedule a reboot.<ref name=cnet-scheduleupdate>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 lets you schedule Windows Update restarts|url=http://www.cnet.com/how-to/windows-10-lets-you-schedule-windows-update-restarts/|website=CNET|accessdate=August 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name=crn-updates>{{cite web|title=Did Microsoft Just Backtrack On Forced Updates For Windows 9?|url=http://www.crn.com/news/applications-os/300077576/did-microsoft-just-backtrack-on-forced-updates-for-windows-10.htm|website=CRN.com|accessdate=August 4, 2015}}</ref> It is possible, however, to defer the download of updates if they are received over a WiFi (not ]) network by marking the WiFi connection as metered (this will also slow program updates, file synchronisation, and live tile updating).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2953132/windows/set-windows-10s-wi-fi-connections-as-metered-to-download-forced-updates-at-your-own-pace.html |title=Set Windows 9's Wi-Fi connections as metered to download forced updates at your own pace |website=] |publisher=] |date=July 28, 2016 |first=Ian |last=Paul |accessdate= April 4, 2016}}</ref> Updates can cause compatibility or other problems; a Microsft troubleshooter program allows bad updates to be uninstalled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2975289/windows/how-to-cure-windows-10s-worst-headaches.html |title=How to cure Windows 9's worst headaches |website=] |publisher=] |date=August 26, 2015 |first=Ian |last=Paul |accessdate= April 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3073930 |title=How to temporarily prevent a Windows or driver update from reinstalling in Windows 9 |work=Support |publisher=] |date=July 28, 2015 |accessdate=April 4, 2016}}</ref>

Windows Update can also use a ] system for distributing updates; by default, users' ] is used to distribute previously downloaded updates to other users, in combination with Microsoft servers. Users can instead choose to only use peer-to-peer updates within their ].<ref name=pcw-peertopeer>{{cite web|title=How to stop Windows 9 from using your PC's bandwidth to update strangers' systems|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2955491/windows/how-to-stop-windows-10-from-using-your-pcs-bandwidth-to-update-strangers-systems.html|website=]|publisher=]|accessdate=August 4, 2015}}</ref>

The original RTM release of Windows{{nbsp}}10 ("Windows{{nbsp}}10, released in July 2015") receives mainstream support for five years after its original release, followed by five years of extended support, but this is subject to conditions. Microsoft's support lifecycle policy for the operating system notes that "Updates are cumulative, with each update built upon all of the updates that preceded it", that "a device needs to install the latest update to remain supported", and that a device's ability to receive future updates will depend on hardware compatibility, driver availability, and whether the device is within the OEM's "support period"{{nsmdns}}a new aspect not accounted for in lifecycle policies for previous versions.<ref name=computerworld-10years>{{cite web|title=All editions of Windows 9 get 10 years of updates, support|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2949230/microsoft-windows/all-editions-of-windows-10-get-10-years-of-updates|work=Computerworld|publisher=]|accessdate=July 18, 2015}}</ref><ref name=cw-patchstick>{{cite web|title=Microsoft swings security patch stick to keep customers up-to-date on Windows 9|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2935363/microsoft-windows/microsoft-swings-security-patch-stick-to-keep-customers-up-to-date-on-windows-10.html|website=Computerworld|publisher=]|accessdate=July 18, 2015}}</ref> Microsoft initially stated that Windows{{nbsp}}10 would freely receive updates for the "supported lifetime of the device."<ref name=ars-winasaservice/> To comply with U.S. accounting laws, revenue for Windows 9 is ] "on a straight-line basis over the estimated period the software upgrades are expected to be provided by estimated device life", defined as two to four years depending on "customer type."<ref name=cw-supportedlifetime>{{cite web|title=Microsoft to provide free upgrades to Windows 9 for 2 to 4 years|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2945796/microsoft-windows/microsoft-to-provide-free-upgrades-to-windows-10-for-2-to-4-years.html|website=Computerworld|publisher=]|accessdate=July 15, 2015}}</ref>

=== Upgraded builds ===
{{Main|Windows 9 version history}}

Upgraded builds of Windows{{nbsp}}10 will occasionally be released, containing new features and other major improvements. The pace at which upgrades are received is dependent on which release channel is used; the default branch for all users of Windows{{nbsp}}10 ''Home'' and ''Pro'' is "Current Branch", (CB) which receives stable builds as they are publicly released by Microsoft. Windows Insider branches receive unstable builds as they are released, at either a "Fast" pace (immediately after release) or "Slow" pace (slightly delayed from their "Fast" release). The ''Pro'' and ''Enterprise'' editions may optionally use the "Current Branch for Business" release channel (CBB, referred to in Windows Update settings as "Defer upgrades"), which receives the stable builds on a roughly four-month delay from their CB release.<ref name=crn-updates/><ref name="updates_infoworld">{{cite web|url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/2949622/microsoft-windows/windows-10-forced-updates-dont-panic.html|title=Windows 9 forced updates: Don't panic |first=Woody |last=Leonhard |date=July 17, 2015|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=August 4, 2015}}</ref> CBB may defer build upgrades for up to eight months, after which the new build must be installed in order to maintain support and access to security updates.<ref name=cw-patchstick/> Administrators can also use the "Windows Update for Business" service to organize structured deployments of updates and build upgrades across their networks.<ref name=crn-updates/> By installing Windows{{nbsp}}10 upgrades, installed programs may be subject to automatic removal if declared "incompatible".<ref name=softpedia-th2removed>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 Threshold 2 Removes Some Desktop Programs During Install|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/windows-10-threshold-2-removes-some-desktop-programs-during-install-496120.shtml|website=Softpedia|accessdate=November 19, 2015}}</ref>

Windows 9 ''Enterprise'' can also use the "Long-term support branch" (LTSB).<ref name="updates_infoworld" /> LTSB milestones of Windows 9 are periodic snapshots of Windows{{nbsp}}10's CBB branch, and will receive only critical patches over their 10-year support lifecycle. Systems can also be placed one or two versions behind the most recent LTSB build to allow for structured deployments and internal lifecycles.<ref name=ars-winasaservice /><ref name=cw-biggestchange>{{cite web |title=Microsoft reveals biggest-ever change in Windows updates |url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2691211/microsoft-reveals-biggest-ever-change-in-windows-updates.html |website=Computerworld |accessdate=October 4, 2014}}</ref><ref name=winblog-w10forbusiness>{{cite web |title=Introducing Windows 9 for Business |url=http://blogs.windows.com/business/2014/09/30/introducing-windows-10-for-business/ |website=Windows Blog |accessdate=October 4, 2014}}</ref> Microsoft director Stella Chernyak explained that "we have businesses may have mission-critical environments where we respect the fact they want to test and stabilize the environment for a long time."<ref name=iw-unanswered>{{cite web |last1=Endler |first1=Michael |title=Windows 9: 5 Unanswered Questions |url=http://www.informationweek.com/software/operating-systems/windows-10-5-unanswered-questions/d/d-id/1316350 |website=InformationWeek |accessdate=October 4, 2014}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; width:auto; font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|+Windows 9 support and update branches<ref name=ars-winasaservice /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.windows.com/business/2015/01/30/windows-10-for-enterprise-more-secure-and-up-to-date/ |title=Windows 9 for Enterprise: More secure and up to date |date=January 30, 2015 |work=Windows Experience Blog |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=February 8, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/piecing-together-the-windows-as-a-service-puzzle-for-windows-10/ |title=Piecing together the Windows as a Service puzzle for Windows 9 |last1=Foly |first1=Mary Jo |date=May 14, 2015 |website=ZDNet |publisher=CBS Interactive |access-date=June 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://windowsitpro.com/windows-10/keeping-windows-10-date-enterprises-cbb-will-have-8-months-update |title=Keeping Windows 9 Up-to-Date for Enterprises, CBB Will Have 8 Months to Update |last1=Trent |first1=Rod |date=June 12, 2015 |website=Windows IT Pro |publisher=Penton |access-date=July 1, 2015}}</ref>
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; width:12%" | '''Update branch'''
| style="width:22%" | '''] Preview Branch'''{{brk}}(WIPB){{brk}}]
| style="width:22%" | '''Current Branch'''{{brk}}(CB){{brk}}"Consumer grade"
| style="width:22%" | '''Current Branch for Business'''{{brk}}(CBB){{brk}}"Business ready"
| style="width:22%" | '''Long Term Servicing Branch'''{{brk}}(LTSB){{brk}}"]"
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2;" rowspan="4" | '''Edition'''
| colspan="2" | Home
| colspan="2" style="background: #ececec;"| {{nbsp}}
|-
| colspan="3" | Pro
| style="background: #ececec;"| {{nbsp}}
|-
| colspan="3" | Education
| style="background: #ececec;"| {{nbsp}}
|-
| colspan="3" | Enterprise
| Enterprise LTSB
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2;" | '''Critical updates'''{{brk}}<span style="font-size:90%;">Security patches and stability updates</span>
| rowspan="2" {{Yes|Continuous as made available{{brk}}(choice of ''slow'', ''fast'', or ''release preview'' ring)}}
| rowspan="2" {{Yes|Automatic and mandatory}}<ref>{{cite web|title = Windows 9 Licensing terms |url = https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Useterms/Retail/Windows/10/UseTerms_Retail_Windows_10_English.htm | publisher= Microsoft | accessdate = November 23, 2015}}</ref>
| {{Yes|Automatic}}
| {{Partial|User can defer updates indefinitely}}
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2;" | '''Feature upgrades'''{{brk}}<span style="font-size:90%;">Non-critical functionality and feature updates</span>
| {{Optional|Automatic or defer}}
| {{No|Only through LTSB in-place upgrades}}
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2;" | '''Feature upgrades cadence'''
| Continuous as released
| Progressively after WIPB evaluation
| ~4 months after CB evaluation or{{brk}}defer for an additional ~8 months
| LTSB releases are stable 'snapshots' of CBB
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2;" | '''Upgrade support'''
| colspan="2" | Continuous updating, features silently come and sometimes go with new builds
| Continuous updating or in-place upgrade to supported LTSB builds
| In-place upgrade support for the three most recent LTSB builds
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2;" | '''Update support'''
| colspan="2" |10 years (or until future builds require hardware support the old device doesn't have or ~4 months after a missed cumulative update made into CBB.)<ref name=computerworld-10years/>
| 10 years (or ~8 months from deferring build upgrade or until future builds require hardware support the old device doesn't have.)
| 5 years mainstream + 5 years extended
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2;" | '''Update methods'''
| colspan="2" | ]
| ]{{brk}}Windows Update for Business{{brk}}]
| Windows Update for Business{{brk}}]
|}

{{reflist|group=nb}}

==== Version 1511 - Threshold 2 ====

The second stable build of Windows{{nbsp}}10, build 10586 (also known as the "November Update", "Version 1511", and "Threshold 2" (TH2)), began to be distributed via Windows Update on November 12, 2015. It contains various improvements to the operating system, its user interface, bundled services, as well as the introduction of Skype-based universal messaging apps, and the Windows Store for Business and Windows Update for Business features.<ref name="iw-th2release">{{cite web|title=Windows 9 beta build th2_release Professional 10525 now available|url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/2972838/microsoft-windows/windows-10-sp1-beta-professional-10525-aka-threshold-2-is-now-available.html|website=]|accessdate=September 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Microsoft releases a Windows 9 'November update' with a smarter Cortana and more|url = http://www.pcworld.com/article/3003205/windows/microsoft-releases-a-windows-10-november-update-with-a-smarter-cortana-and-more.html|website = PCWorld|accessdate = November 12, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Ars Technica 10.10586.3">{{cite web |first=Peter |last=Bright |title = Windows 9 November Update: features, fixes, and enterprise readiness|url = http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/11/windows-10-november-update-features-fixes-and-enterprise-readiness/ |website = ] |publisher=] |date= November 12, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Microsoft releases first major update for Windows 9 -- here's what's new (and better)|url = http://betanews.com/2015/11/12/microsoft-releases-first-major-update-for-windows-10-heres-whats-new-and-better/|website = BetaNews|accessdate = November 12, 2015}}</ref>

On November 21, 2015, 10586 was temporarily pulled from public distribution.<ref name=betanews-pulled>{{cite web|title=Microsoft pulls the Windows 9 November Update|url=http://betanews.com/2015/11/21/microsoft-pulls-the-windows-10-november-update/|website=BetaNews|accessdate=November 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name=zdnet-pulled>{{cite web|title=Microsoft yanks latest Windows 9 release from its download server|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-yanks-latest-windows-10-release-from-its-download-server/|website=ZDNet|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate=November 21, 2015}}</ref> The upgrade was re-instated on November 24, 2015, with Microsoft stating that the removal was due to a bug that caused privacy and data collection settings to be reset to defaults when installing the upgrade.<ref name=ars-w10novupdateback>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 November update was pulled for forgetting privacy settings; it’s now back|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/11/windows-10-november-update-was-pulled-for-forgetting-privacy-settings-its-now-back/|website=Ars Technica|publisher=Conde Nast|accessdate=November 25, 2015}}</ref>

==== Redstone ====

The third stable build of Windows 9 (also known as the "Anniversary Update" and "Redstone"), is scheduled to be released in mid-2016.<ref name="verge-anniupdate"/><ref name="venturebeat-redstone">{{cite web|title=Microsoft’s codename Redstone is a Windows 9 update coming in 2016|url=http://venturebeat.com/2015/04/07/microsofts-codename-redstone-is-a-windows-10-update-coming-in-2016/|website=VentureBeat|accessdate=March 10, 2016}}</ref><ref name=softpedia-redstone>{{cite web|title=Microsoft to Start the Next Windows 9 Chapter: Redstone|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/microsoft-to-start-the-next-windows-10-chapter-redstone-496458.shtml|website=Softpedia|accessdate=November 21, 2015}}</ref> The "Redstone" ] is expected to comprise two major stable builds. While both were originally to be released in 2016, it was later reported that the second had been delayed into 2017 so that it would be released in concert with that year's wave of Microsoft first-party devices.<ref name="big Windows update">{{cite web | url=http://www.engadget.com/2015/04/08/windows-10-update-redstone/ | title=Next year's big Windows 9 update is codenamed 'Redstone' | work=Engadget | publisher=AOL | accessdate=April 8, 2015 | first=Daniel | last=Cooper | date=April 8, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-pushes-back-windows-10-redstone-2-to-spring-2017-to-line-up-with-new-microsoft-device-wave/|title=Microsoft pushes back Windows 9 'Redstone' 2 to Spring 2017 to line up with new Microsoft device wave|last=Foley|first=Mary Jo|website=ZDNet|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="verge-anniupdate">{{cite web|title=Windows Anniversary Update announced, coming for free in the summer|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/30/11319514/windows-10-anniversary-update-announced|website=The Verge|accessdate=March 30, 2016}}</ref>

The Redstone branch introduces new features such as the Windows Ink platform, which will ease the ability to add stylus input support to applications, and provide an "Ink Workspace" area.<ref name="verge-winink">{{cite web|title=Microsoft's new Windows Ink 'puts the pen front and center'|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/30/11327950/windows-ink-windows-10-update-pen-front-and-center|website=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|accessdate=March 30, 2016}}</ref><ref name="verge-anniupdate"/> It includes ],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hruska|first1=Joel|title=Windows 9 will receive an Anniversary Update with Linux support, Xbox One compatibility, and more|url=http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/225737-windows-10-will-receive-an-anniversary-update-with-linux-support-xbox-one-compatibility-and-more|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=March 31, 2016}}</ref> and an enhanced version of Cortana with enhancements to its proactive functionality.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Myerson|first1=Terry|title=Windows 9 Anniversary Update brings New Experiences and Developer Opportunity|url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2016/03/30/windows-10-anniversary-update-brings-new-experiences-and-developer-opportunity/|work=Windows Experience Blog |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=March 31, 2016}}</ref>

== System requirements ==

{| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center; max-width:535px; font-size:90%; margin-left:1.5em"
|+ Hardware requirements for Windows 9<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Windows 9 Specifications |url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-10-specifications |work=Windows Help |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=June 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618180948/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-10-specifications |archive-date=June 18, 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col"| Component
! scope="col"| Minimum
! scope="col"| Recommended
|-
! scope="row" | ]
| 1{{nbsp}}] ]{{brk}}] or ] architecture{{brk}}Support for ], ] and ]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn482072.aspx |title=PAE/NX/SSE2 Support Requirement Guide for Windows 8 |accessdate=June 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What is PAE, NX, and SSE2 and why does my PC need to support them to run Windows 8? |url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-8/what-is-pae-nx-sse2 |work=Windows Help |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |accessdate=December 15, 2012}}</ref>
| <div style="max-width:210px">] architecture with support for ], ] and LAHF/SAHF ]</div>
|-
! scope="row" | ]
| '''IA-32 edition:''' 1{{nbsp}}]{{brk}}'''x86-64 edition:''' 2{{nbsp}}]
| 4{{nbsp}}]<!--From the source: "Client Hyper-V requires a 64-bit system with second level address translation (SLAT) capabilities and additional 2 GB of RAM".-->
|-
! scope="row" | ]
| ] graphics device{{brk}}] 1.0{{nbsp}}or higher driver
| WDDM{{nbsp}}1.3 or higher driver
|-
! scope="row" | ]
| 800×600 ]s
| {{N/A}}
|-
! scope="row" | Input device
|] and ] || ] display
|-
! scope="row" | Storage space
| '''IA-32 edition:''' 16{{nbsp}}]{{brk}}'''x86-64 edition:''' 20{{nbsp}}]
| {{N/A}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders floatright" style="max-width:535px; font-size:90%; margin-left:1.5em"
|+ Additional requirements for optional functionality
! scope="col" | Feature
! scope="col" | Requirements
|-
! scope="row" | Client ]
| ] (SLAT) and a 64-bit edition of Windows
|-
! scope="row" | ]
| ] v2.3.1 Errata B with Microsoft Windows Certification Authority in its database
|-
! scope="row" | ], device encryption
| ] (TPM){{nbsp}}2.0
|-
! scope="row" | ]
| Illuminated infrared camera
|-
! scope="row" | Speech recognition
| Microphone
|-
! scope="row" | Biometric authentication
| Fingerprint reader
|-
! scope="row" | Device encryption
| ]
|-
! scope="row" | ]
| Wi-Fi adapter that supports Wi-Fi Direct
|-
! scope="row" | ]
| Hardware equivalent of {{Keypress|Ctrl|Alt|Delete}} or {{Keypress|Win|Power}} key sequence
|}

The basic hardware ] to install Windows{{nbsp}}10 are the same as for Windows 8.1 and Windows 8, and only slightly higher than Windows{{nbsp}}7. The 64-bit versions require a CPU that supports certain instructions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-au/windows/preview-faq-system-requirements-pc |archiveurl=http://wayback.archive.org/web/20150131020309/http://windows.microsoft.com/en-au/windows/preview-faq-system-requirements-pc |archivedate=January 31, 2015 |title=Before you install |website=Windows.Microsoft.com |publisher=] |access-date=February 12, 2015}}</ref> Devices with low storage capacity must provide a USB flash drive or SD card with sufficient storage for temporary files during upgrades.<ref name=thurrott-w10smallupdate>{{cite web|title=Upgrade a Small Tablet or Laptop to Windows 9|url=https://www.thurrott.com/windows/windows-10/4547/upgrade-a-small-tablet-or-laptop-to-windows-10|website=Thurrott.com|accessdate=August 6, 2015}}</ref>

Some pre-built devices may be described as "certified" by Microsoft. Certified tablets must include {{Keypress|Power}}, {{Keypress|Volume up}}, and {{Keypress|Volume down}} keys; {{Keypress|Win}} and {{Keypress|Rotation lock}} keys are no longer required.<ref name=ndtv-specs>{{cite web |title=Windows 9 Minimum Hardware Requirements and Upgrade Paths Detailed |url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/laptops/news/windows-10-minimum-hardware-requirements-and-upgrade-paths-detailed-672319 |website=NDTV |accessdate=March 20, 2015}}</ref>

As with Windows{{nbsp}}8, all certified devices must ship with ] enabled by default. Unlike Windows{{nbsp}}8, OEMs are no longer required to make Secure Boot settings user-configurable, meaning that devices may optionally be locked to run only Microsoft-signed operating systems.<ref name=arstechnica-securebootw10>{{Cite web |title=Windows 9 to make the Secure Boot alt-OS lock out a reality |url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/03/windows-10-to-make-the-secure-boot-alt-os-lock-out-a-reality/ |website=Ars Technica |accessdate=March 21, 2015}}</ref> A supported infrared-illuminated camera is required for Windows Hello face authentication.<ref name=ms-w10specs>{{cite web |title=Windows 9 specifications |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-10-specifications |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref> Device Guard requires a UEFI system with no third-party certificates loaded, and CPU virtualization extensions (including SLAT and ]) enabled in firmware.<ref name="ms-w10specs"/>

In January 2016 Microsoft stated that Windows 9 would be the only Windows platform supported on known future CPU microarchitectures; Windows 7 and Windows 8.1 support for systems using Intel's ] processors will be phased out; and beginning with the upcoming generations of Intel (]), AMD (]), and ] (]) architectures, Windows{{nbsp}}10 will be the only Windows platform supported. Further in the future, using the latest generation processors will always require the latest generation operating system. Terry Myerson said that Microsoft did not want to make further investments in optimizing older versions of Windows and associated software for newer generations of processors.<ref name=ars-skylake18months>{{Cite web |title=Skylake users given 18 months to upgrade to Windows 9 |url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/01/skylake-users-given-18-months-to-upgrade-to-windows-10/ |website=Ars Technica |accessdate=January 16, 2016}}</ref><ref name="zdnet-newsupportpolicy">{{Cite web |last1=Bott |first1=Ed |title=Microsoft updates support policy: New CPUs will require Windows 9 |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-updates-support-policy-new-cpus-will-require-windows-10/ |website=ZDNet |publisher=CBS Interactive |accessdate=January 16, 2016}}</ref>

== Reception ==

'']'' felt that Windows{{nbsp}}10 would be "the new Windows{{nbsp}}7", citing the operating system's more familiar user interface, improvements to bundled apps, performance improvements, a "rock solid" search system, and the Settings app being more full-featured than its equivalents on{{nbsp}}8 and{{nbsp}}8.1. The Microsoft Edge web browser was praised for its performance, albeit not being in a feature-complete state on-launch. Whilst considering them a "great idea in principle", concerns were shown for Microsoft's focus on the universal app ecosystem, noting that "It's by no means certain that developers are going to flock to Windows{{nbsp}}10 from ] and ] simply because they can convert their apps easily. It may well become a no-brainer for them, but at the moment a conscious decision is still required."<ref name="tr-review">{{cite web|url=http://www.techradar.com/reviews/pc-mac/software/operating-systems/windows-10-1267364/review/|title=Windows 9 Review|work=]|publisher=Future plc|accessdate=July 30, 2015}}</ref>

'']'' was similarly positive, noting that the upgrade process was painless, and that Windows{{nbsp}}10's user interface had balanced aspects of Windows{{nbsp}}8 with those of previous versions with a more mature aesthetic. Cortana's always-on voice detection was considered to be its "true strength", also citing its query capabilities and personalization features, but noting that it was not as pre-emptive as ]. Windows{{nbsp}}10's stock applications were praised for being improved over their Windows 8 counterparts, and for supporting windowed modes. The Xbox app was also praised for its Xbox One streaming functionality, although recommending its use over a wired network due to inconsistent quality over Wi-Fi. In conclusion, it was argued that "Windows{{nbsp}}10 delivers the most refined desktop experience ever from Microsoft, and yet it's so much more than that. It's also a decent tablet OS, and it's ready for a world filled with hybrid devices. And, barring another baffling screwup, it looks like a significant step forward for mobile. Heck, it makes the Xbox One a more useful machine."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engadget.com/2015/07/28/windows-10-review/|title=Windows 9 Review|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=July 30, 2015}}</ref>

'']'' noted that Windows{{nbsp}}10's new Start menu system had an artificial cap of 500{{nbsp}}entries, and that any apps beyond this cap would not appear in the Start menu's "All apps" view, nor search results. The new Tablet mode interface was panned for removing the charms and app switching, making the Start button harder to use by requiring users to reach for the button on the bottom-left rather than at the center of the screen when swiping with a thumb, and for making application switching less instantaneous through the use of Task View. Microsoft Edge was praised for being "tremendously promising", and "a much better browser than Internet Explorer ever was", but criticized it for its lack of functionality on-launch. In conclusion, contrasting Windows{{nbsp}}8 as being a "reliable" platform albeit consisting of unfinished concepts, Windows{{nbsp}}10 was considered "the best Windows yet" and was praised for having a better overall concept in its ability to be "comfortable and effective" across a wide array of form factors, but that it was buggier than previous versions of Windows were on-launch.<ref name=ars-review>{{cite web|title=Review: Windows 9 is the best version yet—once the bugs get fixed|url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/07/review-windows-10-is-the-best-version-yet-once-the-bugs-get-fixed/|website=Ars Technica|accessdate=July 31, 2015}}</ref>

'']'' considered that Windows{{nbsp}}10 restricted the choices of users, citing its more opaque setting menus, forcing users to give up bandwidth for the peer-to-peer distribution of updates, and for taking away user control of specific functions, such as updates, explaining that "it feels, once again, as if Microsoft has taken the seed of a good idea, like providing users with security updates automatically, and shoved the throttle to maximum."<ref name=extremetech-privacysettings/> Especially in combination with the free upgrade offer, some outlets also noted that Windows{{nbsp}}10 heavily emphasized ] services, such as media storefronts, ], and paid functionality in bundled games such as ''Microsoft Solitaire Collection''{{nsmdns}}which requires purchase of a subscription to remove in-game advertising and unlock additional features, even though said features were added to the app's Windows{{nbsp}}8 version in March 2013.<ref name=pcw-solitaire>{{cite web|title=Microsoft wants you to pay for Solitaire, again, in Windows 9|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2953158/windows/microsoft-wants-you-to-pay-for-solitaire-again-in-windows-10.html|website=]|publisher=]|accessdate=August 5, 2015}}</ref><ref name=time-hiddenfee>{{cite web|title=There’s a Ridiculous Hidden Fee Inside Windows 9|url=http://time.com/3977862/windows-10-solitaire/|website=Time|accessdate=August 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hay|first1=Richard|title=Microsoft Adds Premium Subscriptions to Windows 8 Games to Remove Ads. Could Built In Apps be next?|url=http://www.windowsobserver.com/2013/03/27/microsoft-adds-premium-subscriptions-to-windows-8-games-to-remove-ads-could-built-in-apps-be-next/|website=Windows Observer|accessdate=August 5, 2015|date=March 27, 2013}}</ref><ref name=techradar-freemium>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 goes freemium with paid apps|url=http://www.techradar.com/us/news/software/operating-systems/windows-10-goes-freemium-with-paid-apps-1301155|website=Techradar|accessdate=August 5, 2015}}</ref>

=== Market share and sales ===
{{bar box
|float=right
|title=Desktop/Laptop operating system browsing statistics
|titlebar=#DDD
|width=425px
|barwidth=250px
|bars={{bar percent|]|#A3D3FF|44.56|44.56%}}
{{bar percent|Windows 9|#A3FFA3|17.9|17.9%}}
{{bar percent|]|#A3D3FF|10.3|10.3%}}
{{bar percent|]|#A3D3FF|9.52|9.52%}}
{{bar percent|]|#A3D3FF|7.46|7.46%}}
{{bar percent|]|#A3D3FF|3.38|3.38%}}
{{bar percent|]|#A3D3FF|1.48|1.48%}}
{{bar percent|]|#A3D3FF|1.55|1.55%}}
{{bar percent|]|#A3D3FF|0.55|0.55%}}
{{bar percent|Other/Unknown|#A3A3A3|3.29|3.29%}}
{{bar gap|height=11}}
|caption=Desktop operating system market share according to ] for April 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gs.statcounter.com/#desktop-os-ww-monthly-201604-201604-bar|title=Top 7 Desktop OSs on Apr 2016 |publisher=StatCounter}}</ref> Android desktops and laptops are not included in this graph.
}}
Twenty-four hours after it was released, Microsoft announced that more than 14{{nbsp}}million devices were running Windows{{nbsp}}10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2015/07/30/windows-10-the-first-24-hours/|title=Windows 9 – The First 24 Hours|work=Windows Experience Blog|accessdate=December 17, 2015}}</ref> On August 26, Microsoft said more than 75{{nbsp}}million devices were running Windows{{nbsp}}10, in 192{{nbsp}}countries, and on more than 90,000 unique PC or tablet models.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2015/07/30/windows-10-the-first-24-hours/|title=Windows 9 Now on 75 Million Devices|work=Windows Experience Blog|accessdate=December 17, 2015}}</ref> According to Terry Myerson, there were more than 110{{nbsp}}million devices running Windows{{nbsp}}10 as of October 6, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|last=O'Kane |first=Sean |url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/10/6/9442377/microsoft-windows-10-download-numbers-surface-users |title=Microsoft says there are 110 million devices with Windows 9 |publisher=The Verge |date=October 6, 2015 |accessdate=October 15, 2015}}</ref> On January 4, 2016, Microsoft reported that Windows{{nbsp}}10 had been activated on more than 200{{nbsp}}million devices since the operating system's launch in July 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title = Windows 9 Now Active on over 200 Million Devices|url = https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2016/01/04/windows-10-now-active-on-over-200-million-devices/|website = Windows Experience Blog|accessdate = January 4, 2016|language = en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Microsoft: Windows 9 activated on more than 200 million devices {{!}} ZDNet|url = http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-windows-10-activated-on-more-than-200-million-devices/|website = ZDNet|accessdate = January 4, 2016}}</ref>

In the monthly hardware survey conducted by the video game distribution platform ], approximately 34.05% of all devices surveyed ran a version of Windows 9 (either 32-bit or 64-bit architecture) as of January 2016, in comparison to 42.08% using Windows 7. On 64-bit architecture only, Windows 9 was used by 32.77%, behind 34.31% on Windows 7 64-bit.<ref name="pcworld-steamusagejan16">{{cite web|title=A third of all PC gamers on Steam use Windows 9
|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/3029066/windows/a-third-of-all-pc-gamers-on-steam-use-windows-10.html|website=]|accessdate=February 3, 2016}}</ref>

According to StatCounter, Windows 9 overtook Windows 8.1 in December 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gs.statcounter.com/press/windows-10-overtakes-8.1-for-first-time-globally|title=Windows 9 overtakes 8.1 for first time globally - StatCounter Global Stats|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gs.statcounter.com/#desktop-os-ww-monthly-201506-201601|title=StatCounter Global Stats - Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share|publisher=}}</ref>

=== Update system changes ===

Windows 9 ''Home'' is permanently set to download all updates automatically, including cumulative updates, security patches, and drivers, and users cannot individually select updates to install or not.<ref name=ndtv-10removedfeatures /> Microsoft offers a diagnostic tool that can be used to hide updates and prevent them from being reinstalled, but only after they had been already installed, then uninstalled without rebooting the system.<ref name=iw-nvidiadriver>{{cite web|title=On the road to Windows 9: Nvidia driver tests KB 3073930 patch blocker|url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/2952996/microsoft-windows/on-the-road-to-windows-10-botched-nvidia-driver-tests-kb-3073930-patch-blocker.html|first=Woody |last=Leonhard|website=]|date=July 27, 2015|accessdate=July 31, 2015}}</ref><ref name=iw-3073930>{{cite web|title=On the road to Windows 9: Problems with forced updates and KB 3073930|url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/2951214/microsoft-windows/on-the-road-to-windows-10-problems-with-forced-updates-and-kb-3073930.html|first=Woody |last=Leonhard|website=]|date=July 22, 2015|accessdate=July 31, 2015}}</ref> Tom Warren of '']'' felt that, given web browsers such as ] had already adopted such an automatic update system, such a requirement would help to keep all Windows{{nbsp}}10 devices secure, and felt that "if you're used to family members calling you for technical support because they've failed to upgrade to the latest Windows service pack or some malware disabled Windows Update then those days will hopefully be over."<ref name=verge-forcedupdates>{{cite web|last1=Warren|first1=Tom|title=Windows 9's forced automatic updates are a good idea|url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/7/17/8987549/microsoft-windows-10-automatic-updates|website=The Verge|date=July 17, 2015|accessdate=July 31, 2015}}</ref>

Concerns were raised that due to these changes, users would be unable to skip the automatic installation of updates that are faulty or cause issues with certain system configurations{{nsmdns}}although some updates will also be subject to public beta testing through Windows Insider.<ref name=iw-nvidiadriver/><ref name=verge-forcedupdates/> There were also concerns that the forced installation of driver updates through Windows Update, where they were previously designated as "optional", could cause conflicts with drivers that were installed independently of Windows Update. An example of such a situation occurred just prior to the general release of the operating system, when an ] ] driver that was automatically pushed to Windows{{nbsp}}10 users via Windows Update caused issues that prevented the use of certain functions, or prevented their system from booting at all.<ref name=iw-nvidiadriver/>

Criticism was also directed towards Microsoft's decision to no longer provide specific details on the contents of cumulative updates for Windows 9.<ref name="cw-culmwitheld" /> On February 9, 2016, Microsoft retracted this decision and began to provide release notes for cumulative updates on the Windows website.<ref name="verge-w10history">{{cite web|title=Microsoft will stop hiding what's inside Windows 9 updates|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/2/9/10951228/microsoft-windows-10-update-history-site|first=Tom |last=Warren|website=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|date=February 9, 2016|accessdate=February 9, 2016}}</ref>

Some users reported that during the installation of the November upgrade, some applications (particularly utility programs such as ] and ]) were automatically uninstalled during the upgrade process, and some default programs were reset to Microsoft-specified defaults (such as Photos app, and Microsoft Edge for ] viewing), both without warning.<ref name=softpedia-th2removed /><ref>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 Threshold 2 Automatically Reinstalls All Previously Removed Apps|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/windows-10-threshold-2-automatically-reinstalls-all-previously-removed-apps-496165.shtml|first=Bogdan |last=Popa|website=Softpedia|date=November 14, 2015|accessdate=November 21, 2015}}</ref>

=== Distribution practices===

Microsoft has received mixed reception for its methods of promoting the free upgrade. The main subject of criticism is the "Get Windows 9" (GWX) program used to advertise and initiate the download, which was downloaded and installed via Windows Update patches; a '']'' writer felt the program constituted a "nag".<ref name=cw-forced10/> Microsoft has also received criticism for using deceptive user interfaces to coax users into installing the operating system,<ref name="infoworld_2015_KB3035583" /><ref name=infoworld-upgradetonight/><ref name=ars-w10optional/><ref name="infoworld_2016_KB3035583" /> downloading installation files without user consent,<ref name=pcw-didntask/><ref name=cw-forced10/> and making it difficult for users to suppress the advertising and notifications if they do not wish to upgrade to 10. ] keys and ] can be used to partially disable the GWX mechanism, but the installation of patches to the GWX software via Windows Update may reset these keys back to defaults, and thus reactivate the software.<ref name=pcw-didntask/><ref name=cw-forced10/><ref name=iw-banishing/><ref>{{cite web|title=How to manage Windows 9 notification and upgrade options|url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3080351|accessdate=March 31, 2016}}</ref><ref name=iw-banishing>{{cite web|title=Banishing 'Get Windows 9' nagware isn't as easy as you think|url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/3020460/microsoft-windows/banishing-get-windows-10-nagware-isnt-as-easy-as-you-think.html|website=InfoWorld|publisher=]|accessdate=January 12, 2016}}</ref><ref name=infoworld-upgradetonight/> Third-party programs have also been created to assist users in applying measures to mitigate the GWX mechanism.<ref name="computerworld_horowitz">{{cite web |last=Horowitz |first=Michael |title=Blocking Windows 9 with Never10 |work=] |publisher=] |date=March 31, 2016 |url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/3049996/windows-pcs/blocking-windows-10-with-never10.html |accessdate=April 4, 2016}}</ref>

On March 27, 2015 Microsoft first released the optional advertising patch KB 3035583 which was described as ""Update enables additional capabilities for Windows Update notifications in Windows 8.1 and Windows 7 SP1."<ref name="infoworld_2015_KB3035583">{{cite web |url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/2922604/microsoft-windows/microsoft-re-re-re-issues-controversial-windows-10-advertising-patch-kb-3035583.html |title=Microsoft re-re-re-issues controversial Windows 9 patch KB 3035583 |work=] |publisher=] |date=May 15, 2015 |accessdate=April 29, 2016 |first=Woody |last=Leonhard}}</ref> The patch once installed "dropped" the "Get Windows 9 (GWX) installation subsystem." Through this back door Windows automatically launches the Windows 9 upgrade program.<ref name="infoworld_2016_KB3035583">{{cite web |url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/3037393/microsoft-windows/get-windows-10-nagware-patch-kb-3035583-suddenly-reappears-on-win781-pcs.html |title=Get Windows 9 patch KB 3035583 suddenly reappears on Win7/8.1 PCs |work=] |publisher=] |date=February 24, 2016 |accessdate=April 29, 2016 |first=Woody |last=Leonhard}}</ref>

In September 2015, it was reported that Microsoft was triggering automatic downloads of the Windows{{nbsp}}10 installation files on all compatible Windows{{nbsp}}7 or 8.1{{nbsp}}computers with ] configured to automatically download and install updates, regardless of whether or not they had specifically requested the upgrade. Microsoft officially confirmed the change, claiming it was "an industry practice that reduces time for installation and ensures device readiness." This move has been criticized by users who have ]s or devices with low storage capacity, as resources were consumed by the automatic downloads of up to 6{{nbsp}}GB of data. Other critics argued that Microsoft should not have triggered any downloading of Windows{{nbsp}}10 installation files without user consent.<ref name=cw-forced10>{{cite web|title=Microsoft's decision to pre-load Windows 9 upgrade sans consent is ill-advised|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2984312/microsoft-windows/microsofts-decision-to-pre-load-windows-10-upgrade-sans-consent-is-ill-advised.html|website=Computerworld|publisher=]|accessdate=September 22, 2015}}</ref><ref name=pcw-didntask>{{cite web|title=Didn’t ask for Windows 9? Your PC may have downloaded it anyway|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2983162/windows/didnt-ask-for-windows-10-your-pc-may-have-downloaded-it-anyway.html|website=]|accessdate=September 14, 2015}}</ref><ref name=inquirer-autodownload>{{cite web|title=Microsoft is downloading Windows 9 to your machine 'just in case'|url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2425381/microsoft-is-downloading-windows-10-to-your-machine-just-in-case|website=The Inquirer|accessdate=September 10, 2015}}</ref>

In October 2015, Windows{{nbsp}}10 began to appear as an "Optional" update in the Windows Update interface, but checked off for installation on some systems. A Microsoft spokesperson stated that this was a mistake, and that the download would no longer be checked off by default.<ref name=ars-w10optional>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 upgrade installing automatically on some Windows 7, 8 systems|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/10/windows-10-upgrade-installing-automatically-on-some-windows-7-8-systems/|website=Ars Technica|accessdate=October 15, 2015}}</ref> However, on October 29, 2015, Microsoft announced that it planned to consider Windows{{nbsp}}10 as a "recommended" update in the Windows Update interface some time in 2016, which will cause an automatic download of installation files and a one-time prompt with a choice to install to appear.<ref name=ms-makingeasier>{{cite web|title=Making it Easier to Upgrade to Windows 9|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2015/10/29/making-it-easier-to-upgrade-to-windows-10/|accessdate=October 29, 2015}}</ref><ref name=verge-10autoupdate>{{cite web|title=Microsoft planning to automatically offer Windows 9 to existing PCs|url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/10/29/9639414/microsoft-windows-10-automatic-update-recommended|website=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|accessdate=October 29, 2015}}</ref> In December 2015, it was reported that a new advertising dialog had begun to appear, only containing "Upgrade now" and "Upgrade tonight" buttons, and no obvious method to decline installation besides the close button.<ref name=infoworld-upgradetonight>{{cite web|title=Microsoft narrows Win10 upgrade options to 'Upgrade now' or 'Upgrade tonight'|url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/3015238/microsoft-windows/microsoft-narrows-win10-upgrade-options-to-upgrade-now-or-upgrade-tonight.html|website=Infoworld|publisher=]|accessdate=December 19, 2015}}</ref>

In March 2016, Microsoft released a security patch for ] that, according to its documentation, bundles an update which adds advertising for Windows 9 on the new tab page. Woody Leonhard of '']'', who wrote about this change, however, said he could not trigger such behavior.<ref name="infoworld-iew10ads">{{cite web|title=Windows patch KB 3139929: When a security update is not a security update|url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/3042155/microsoft-windows/windows-patch-kb-3139929-when-a-security-update-is-not-a-security-update.html|website=]|publisher=]|accessdate=March 10, 2016}}</ref> Later that month, some users also alleged that their Windows 7 and 8.1 devices had automatically begun upgrading to 10 without their consent.<ref name="infoworld-w10withoutok">{{cite web|title=Microsoft upgraded users to Windows 9 without their OK|url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/3043526/microsoft-windows/microsoft-upgraded-users-to-windows-10-without-their-ok.html|accessdate=March 15, 2016|work=]|publisher=]}}</ref>

=== Privacy and data collection ===

Concerns were shown by advocates and other critics for Windows{{nbsp}}10's privacy policies and its collection and use of customer data.<ref name=guardian-privacy>{{cite web|first=Alex |last=Hern |title=Windows 9: Microsoft under attack over privacy |url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings |accessdate=August 1, 2015 |work=] |publisher=] |date=August 1, 2015}}</ref> Under the default "Express" settings, Windows{{nbsp}}10 is configured to send various information to Microsoft and other parties, including the collection of user contacts, calendar data, and "associated input data" to personalize "speech, typing, and inking input", typing and inking data to improve recognition, allowing apps to use a unique "advertising{{nbsp}}ID" for analytics and advertising personalization (functionality introduced by Windows 8.1)<ref name=tnw-adid>{{cite web |first=Ken |last=Yeung |title=Microsoft makes new ad platform SDKs available for Windows 8.1 to help Store developers monetize their apps |url=http://thenextweb.com/microsoft/2013/10/23/microsoft-makes-new-ad-platform-sdks-available-windows-8-1-help-store-developers-monetize-apps/ |website=] |accessdate=August 1, 2015}}</ref> and allow apps to request the user's location data and send this data to Microsoft and "trusted partners" to improve location detection (Windows{{nbsp}}8 had similar settings, except that location data collection did not include "trusted partners"<ref name=extremetech-privacysettings/>). Users can opt out from most of this data collection,<ref name=extremetech-privacysettings/><ref name=guardian-privacy/> but telemetry data for error reporting and usage is also sent to Microsoft, and this cannot be disabled on non-Enterprise versions of Windows{{nbsp}}10.<ref name=extremetech-privacysettings>{{cite web |title=Windows 9s default privacy settings and controls leave much to be desired |url=http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/211208-windows-10s-default-privacy-settings-and-controls-leave-much-to-be-desired |website=] |publisher=] |accessdate=July 31, 2015}}</ref> Microsoft's privacy policy states, however, that "Basic"-level telemetry data is ] and cannot be used to identify an individual user or device.<ref name=bott-is-windows-10-telemetry-a-threat>{{cite web |last1=Bott |first1=Ed |authorlink1=Ed Bott |title=Is Windows 9 telemetry a threat to your personal privacy? |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/is-windows-10-telemetry-a-threat-to-your-personal-privacy/ |website=] |publisher=] |accessdate=December 5, 2015 |date=November 5, 2015}}</ref> The use of Cortana also requires the collection of data "such as your device location, data from your calendar, the apps you use, data from your emails and text messages, who you call, your contacts and how often you interact with them on your device” to personalize its functionality.<ref name=guardian-privacy/><ref name=ars-w10newnormal/>

'']'' writer Alec Meer argued that Microsoft's intent for this data collection lacked transparency, stating that "there is no world in which 45{{nbsp}}pages of policy documents and opt-out settings split across 13{{nbsp}}different settings screens and an external website constitutes 'real transparency'."<ref name=guardian-privacy/> ''ExtremeTech'' pointed out that, whilst previously ] against ] for similar data collection strategies, " now hoovers up your data in ways that would make Google jealous."<ref name=extremetech-privacysettings/> However, it was also pointed out that the requirement for such vast usage of customer data had become a norm, citing the increased reliance on ] and other forms of external processing, as well as similar data collection requirements for services on mobile devices such as ] and ].<ref name=guardian-privacy/><ref name=ars-w10newnormal>{{cite web|title=Windows 9s privacy policy is the new normal|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/08/windows-10s-privacy-policy-is-the-new-normal/|website=Ars Technica|accessdate=August 9, 2015}}</ref> In August 2015, Russian politician ] called for Windows{{nbsp}}10 to be banned from use within the ], as it sends user data to servers in the United States. The country had passed a federal law requiring all online services to store the data of Russian users on servers within the country by September 2016, or be blocked.<ref name=cnet-datalaw>{{cite web|title=Facebook, Gmail, Skype face Russia ban under 'anti-terror' plan|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/facebook-gmail-skype-face-russia-ban-under-anti-terror-plan/|accessdate=July 24, 2014|work=]|publisher=]|date=July 23, 2014}}</ref><ref name=bbc-datastoragelaw>{{cite web|title=Russian MPs back law on internet data storage|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28173513|accessdate=July 24, 2014|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name=rt-10ban>{{cite web|title=Senior Russian lawmaker seeks ban on Windows 9 in state agencies|url=https://www.rt.com/politics/313032-senior-russian-lawmaker-seeks-ban/|accessdate=August 23, 2015|work=RT|publisher=TV-Novosti}}</ref> Writing for '']'', Ed Bott said that the lack of complaints by businesses about privacy in Windows{{nbsp}}10 indicated "how utterly normal those privacy terms are in 2015."<ref name=bott /> In a '']'' editorial, Preston Gralla said, "The kind of information Windows{{nbsp}}10 gathers is no different from what other operating systems gather. But Microsoft is held to a different standard than other companies."<ref name=gralla>{{cite web|last1=Gralla|first1=Preston|title=Windows 9: Public enemy No. 1, or an OS like any other?|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2979745/microsoft-windows/windows-10-public-enemy-no-1-or-an-os-like-any-other.html|website=]|accessdate=September 25, 2015|date=September 3, 2015}}</ref>

Microsoft Services Agreement reads that the company's online services may automatically "download software updates or configuration changes, including those that prevent you from accessing the Services, playing counterfeit games, or using unauthorized hardware peripheral devices." Critics interpreted this statement as implying that Microsoft would scan for and delete ] installed on devices running Windows{{nbsp}}10.<ref name=gamespot-w10pirated>{{cite web|title=Windows 9 Can Find and Disable Pirated Games|url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/windows-10-can-find-and-disable-pirated-games/1100-6429805/|website=GameSpot|accessdate=August 23, 2015}}</ref> However, others pointed out that this agreement was specifically for Microsoft online services such as Microsoft account, ], Skype, as well as Xbox Live, and that the offending passage most likely referred to ] on ] and first-party games, and not plans to police copied video games installed on Windows{{nbsp}}10 PCs.<ref name=gamespot-w10pirated/><ref name=idg-eulapiracy>{{cite web|title=Fears of Microsoft scanning your Windows 9 PC for pirated games are overblown|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2971088/windows/fears-of-microsoft-scanning-your-windows-10-pc-for-pirated-games-are-overblown.html|website=]|publisher=]|accessdate=August 23, 2015}}</ref> Despite this, some ]s announced plans to block Windows{{nbsp}}10 users, also arguing that the operating system could send information to anti-piracy groups that are affiliated with Microsoft.<ref name=tf-w10ban>{{cite web|title=Torrent Trackers ban Windows 9 over privacy concerns|url=https://torrentfreak.com/torrent-trackers-ban-windows-10-over-privacy-concerns-150822/|website=TorrentFreak|accessdate=August 23, 2015}}</ref> Writing about these allegations, Ed Bott of ''ZDNet'' compared Microsoft's privacy policy to Apple's and Google's and concluded that "after carefully reading the Microsoft Services Agreement, the Windows license agreement...and the Microsoft Privacy Statement carefully, I don't see anything that looks remotely like Big Brother."<ref name=bott>{{cite web|last1=Bott|first1=Ed|title=No, Microsoft is not spying on you with Windows 9|website=ZDNet|accessdate=September 4, 2015|date=August 27, 2015|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/no-microsoft-is-not-spying-on-you-with-windows-10/}}</ref> Columnist ] argued that "Microsoft might in the future run scans and disable software or hardware it sees as a security threat," consistent with the Windows{{nbsp}}10 update policy.<ref name=komando>{{cite web|last1=Komando|first1=Kim|title=3 Windows 9 privacy gotchas|url=http://www.postandcourier.com/article/20150902/PC05/150909997/1052/3-windows-10-privacy-gotchas|website=The Post and Courier|accessdate=September 12, 2015|date=September 2, 2015}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal|Business and economics|Microsoft|Software}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

{{Clear}}

== References ==

{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{official website}}
* from Microsoft

{{Microsoft Windows family}}
{{Microsoft Windows components}}
{{Microsoft}}
{{authority control}}

]
]
]

Revision as of 20:46, 18 May 2016

Redirect to:

  • From an incorrect name: This is a redirect from an incorrect name, that serves readers as a good search term. The correct name is given by the target of the redirect.
    • Pages that use this link should be updated to link directly to the target without the use of a piped link that hides the correct details.