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Ashfaqulla Khan(1900-1927) freedom fighter in India's independence movement.
Childhood
He was born on 22nd of October 1900 to Shafiqulla Khan in Shahjanpur in Uttar Pradesh.His father, Shafiqur Rahman was posted in the police department. His mother's name was Mazharunissa. Ashfaqullah was the youngest amongst his six siblings. Ashfaq was in school when Mahatma Gandhi Called the Non co-operation movement.
Non-cooperation Movement
Mahatma Gandhi created this movement wherein he called the Indians not to pay taxes to the British and not to cooperate with the British government in any way. This call of Gandhi had kindled the fire of freedom in the hearts of many, but the Chauri Chaura incident of 1922 where approx 22 policemen were burnt alive in a police station deeply saddened Gandhi that the called off the Non-cooperation movement. Many youths in India were left dejected by this
A lot of youth of the country felt dejected on the withdrawal of the movement Ashfaq was one of them. He felt that India should become free as soon as possible and so he decided to join the revolutionaries and also win the friendship of Pundit Ram Prasad Bismil a famous revolutionary of Shahjahanpur.
Frienship With Ramprasad Bismil
Ram Prasad Bismil was a member of the Arya Samaj and was eager to explain the greatness of the Hindu religion to those belonging to other religion. This was a difficulty for Ashfaq who was a devout Muslim. Nevertheless, the common goal of Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaq (Freedom to India) helped him to win over the friendship of Ram Prasad. They died on the same day, as martyrs for India, but in different jails .
Goal in Life
The revolutionaries felt that soft words of non-violence could not win India its Independence and therefore they wanted to make use of bombs revolvers and other weapons to instill fear in the hearts of the British’s empire. The British Empire was large and strong. The withdrawal of the no cooperation movement united revolutionaries scattered in the country. This revolutionary movement required money to support its need. One day while traveling on a train from Shahjanpur to Lucknow Ram Prasad noticed stationmaster bringing money bags into this guards van. This was a beginning of a Dacoity Called Kakori Dacoity
On August 9th 1925 the plan was brought into action. Ashfaqulla along with his other revolutionary friends namely Ram Prasad Bismil, Rajendra Lahiri, Thakur Roshan Singh, Sachindra Bakshi, Chandrashekar Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy, Banwari Lal, Mukundi Lal, Man- mathnath Gupta looted the train in Kakori village a wrote a memorable chapter in the History of India's freedom struggle
On the morning of 26th September 1925, Ram Prasad Bismil was caught by the police and Ashfaq was the only one untraced by the police. Ashfaq went into hiding and moved to Banaras from Bihar where he worked in an engineering company for 10 months. Ashfaq wanted to move abroad to learn engineering to further help the freedom struggle and so he went to Delhi to find out ways to move out of the country. He took the help of one of his Pathan friend who in turn betrayed him by informing the police about his whereabouts. Tasadruk Khan then superintendent of police tried to play the caste politics with Ashfaq and tried to win him over by provoking him against Hinduism but Ashfaq was a strong willed Indian who surprised Tasadruk Khan by saying "Khan Sahib, I am quite sure that Hindu India will be much better than British India."
The case for the Kakori dacoity was concluded by awarding death sentence to Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri and Roshan the others were given life sentences.
Death
Ashfaqulla was hanged on 19th December 1927. It has been said by some historians that Ashfaqulla Khan was the first Muslim to be hanged in a conspiracy case. His last message to the nation wrote, "I take pride in the fact that I will be the first and foremost Muslim to embrace death on the gallows for the freedom of my country."
References
- "ASHFAQULLA KHAN : THE IMMORTAL REVOLUTIONARY" - Government of India
- Times of India - "Daredevilry of sons of the soil"