Siege of Besançon: Difference between revisions

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	The ], started in 1672, was mainly fought the first 2 years in the ]. But a coalition was formed against the ] in 1673, and when ] decided not to support France anymore in February 1674,<ref>Collectif. Sous la direction de Jacques Garnier. Dictionnaire Perrin des guerres et des batailles de l'histoire de France, Paris, Perrin, 2004, 906 p. (ISBN 2262008299), p. 144 - 145.</ref> the French were forced to withdraw. In the spring of 1674, ] decided to attack the ], at the head of an army of about 70,000 men. While ] had planned to first take ] and ] before attacking ], ] had intervened and advised the Minister to address the latter first, which was agreed upon.<ref>Bernard Pujo, Vauban, Paris, Albin Michel, 1991, 374 p. (ISBN 222605250X), p. 74.</ref>		The ], started in 1672, was mainly fought the first 2 years in the ]. But a coalition was formed against the ] in 1673, and when ] decided not to support France anymore in February 1674,<ref>Collectif. Sous la direction de Jacques Garnier. Dictionnaire Perrin des guerres et des batailles de l'histoire de France, Paris, Perrin, 2004, 906 p. (ISBN 2262008299), p. 144 - 145.</ref> the French were forced to withdraw. In the spring of 1674, ] decided to attack the ], at the head of an army of about 70,000 men. While ] had planned to first take ] and ] before attacking ], ] had intervened and advised the Minister to address the latter first, which was agreed upon.<ref>Bernard Pujo, Vauban, Paris, Albin Michel, 1991, 374 p. (ISBN 222605250X), p. 74.</ref>

	During the Siege of Besancon, Etienne J. Morel (a French Army surgeon) used a tourniquet to control hemorrhage from battlefield injuries. This is the first reported use of a tourniquet.		During the Siege of Besancon, Etienne J. Morel (a French Army surgeon) used a tourniquet to control hemorrhage from battlefield injuries. This is the first reported use of a tourniquet.<ref></ref>

	==Progress==		==Progress==

Revision as of 12:23, 19 October 2016

Siege of Besançon

Part of the Franco-Dutch War

Overview of the siege of Besançon. To the right of the city on the hill of Chaudanne we see the smoke from the cannons installed by Vauban.

Date	19 April to 22 May 1674
Location	Besançon (Spanish Empire)
Result	French victory

Belligerents

France

United Provinces

Spain

Commanders and leaders

Louis XIV of France
Vauban

Strength

70.000 soldiers

v t e Franco-Dutch War
Low Countries and Lower Rhine Groenlo Bredevoort Tolhuis Groningen Aardenburg Coevorden Woerden 1st Maastricht Staphorst Naarden Bonn Seneffe Grave 2nd Maastricht Valenciennes Cassel Cambrai Ghent Ypres Saint-Denis Upper Rhine Sinsheim Entzheim Mulhouse Turckheim Salzbach Altenheim Konzer Brücke Trier Philippsburg Kochersberg Freiburg Rheinfelden Ortenbach France Besançon Noirmoutier Southern Italy 1st Messina North Germany and Scandinavia Brandenburg Rathenow Nauen Fehrbellin Bremen-Verden Gotland Christianstad Halmstad Lund Malmö Landskrona Marstrand Conquest of Jemtland Uddevalla Warksow Rügen Stralsund Great Sleigh Drive Pyrenees Maureillas Espouilles Americas Dutch Raid on North America 1st Curaçao New Netherland Acadia Martinique Naval battles Action of 12 March 1672 Solebay First and Second Schooneveld James River Texel Masulipatnam Málaga 2nd Messina Stromboli Augusta Bornholm Öland Palermo Tobago Møn Køge Bay Wissant

Franco-Dutch War

Low Countries and Lower Rhine

Upper Rhine

France

Southern Italy

1st Messina

North Germany and Scandinavia

Pyrenees

Americas

Naval battles

The Siege of Besançon was a military operation in Franche-Comté, then under Spanish rule, in 1674 as part of the Franco-Dutch War, aimed at annexing the province to the Kingdom of France. The siege ended with the conquest of the city by the French.

Context

The Franco-Dutch War, started in 1672, was mainly fought the first 2 years in the Dutch Republic. But a coalition was formed against the Kingdom of France in 1673, and when England decided not to support France anymore in February 1674, the French were forced to withdraw. In the spring of 1674, Louis XIV of France decided to attack the Franche-Comté, at the head of an army of about 70,000 men. While Louvois had planned to first take Salins-les-Bains and Dole before attacking Besançon, Vauban had intervened and advised the Minister to address the latter first, which was agreed upon.

During the Siege of Besancon, Etienne J. Morel (a French Army surgeon) used a tourniquet to control hemorrhage from battlefield injuries. This is the first reported use of a tourniquet.

Progress

Upon arrival at the site on April 26, Vauban decided to install 36 pieces of artillery on the Chaudanne hill overlooking the citadel from the west of the city. At night, on the backs of men and mules, the guns were carried upon the hill, and from that moment on, the city came under constant French fire. The city capitulated on May 15 and the citadel held out until it also capitulated on May 22.

Notes

Collectif. Sous la direction de Jacques Garnier. Dictionnaire Perrin des guerres et des batailles de l'histoire de France, Paris, Perrin, 2004, 906 p. (ISBN 2262008299), p. 144 - 145.
Bernard Pujo, Vauban, Paris, Albin Michel, 1991, 374 p. (ISBN 222605250X), p. 74.
http://www.out-on-a-limb.org/out-on-a-limb/(S(zluykoknxfcq4grluzszvyam))/page.aspx?page=103
Bernard Pujo, op.cit., p. 75

External links

Fortified places: Besançon 1674

47°14′35″N 6°01′19″E / 47.2431°N 6.0219°E / 47.2431; 6.0219

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