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| {{EngvarB|date=November 2013}} | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2013}} | |||
| {{Infobox military conflict | |||
| |image= | |||
| |caption= | |||
| |conflict=Battle of Phillora | |||
| |partof=] | |||
| |date=7–11 September 1965 | |||
| |place=Phillora near ] (]) | |||
| |result= Decisive Indian victory.<ref name=Wilson>{{cite book | |||
| |last = Wilson | |||
| |first = Peter | |||
| |title = Wars, proxy-wars and terrorism: post independent India | |||
| |publisher = Mittal Publications, 2003 | |||
| |isbn = 978-81-7099-890-7}}</ref><ref name=Cambridge>{{cite book |title=The Cambridge History of India |volume=6 |last=James Rapson|first=Edward |authorlink= |author2=Wolseley Haig |author3=] |author4=Henry Dodwell |author5=Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler |author6=Vidya Dhar Mahajan | publisher=S. Chand |chapter=Political Developments Since 1919 (India and Pakistan)|isbn=|page=1013}}</ref><ref name=Saxena>{{cite book | |||
| |last = Saxena | |||
| |first = K. C. | |||
| |title = Pakistan, her relation with India 1947-1966 | |||
| |publisher = Vir Pub. House | |||
| |asin = B003GB2IFU}}</ref><ref name=Sainik>{{cite book | |||
| |title = Sainik samachar: the pictorial weekly of the Armed Forces, Volume 28 | |||
| |publisher = Directorate of Public Relations, Ministry of Defence | |||
| |asin = B0000CRWSD}}</ref><ref name=Berindranath>{{cite book | |||
| |last = Berindranath | |||
| |first = Dewan | |||
| |title = The war with Pakistan: a pictorial narration of the fifty days which rocked the sub-continent | |||
| |publisher = Asia Press | |||
| |asin = B0007JEFFA}}</ref> | |||
| *Retreated Pakistani forces follow up ].{{cn|date=September 2015}} | |||
| |combatant1=<center>]<br> ]</center> | |||
| |combatant2=<center>]<br> ]</center> | |||
| |commander1=] | |||
| |commander2=Unknown | |||
| |strength1=1st Armoured Brigade(16 cav,17 Horse, 4 Horse)62 cav<br>43 lorried Brigade<ref name="Amin">{{cite web|last=Amin|first=Agha.H|title=Situation Leading to and Battle of Phillora|url=http://pavocavalry.wordpress.com/2008/11/17/situation-leading-to-and-battle-of-phillora-click-to-enlarge-maps-1965-1965-war-map-conceived-and-drawn-by-ah-amin-indian-army-pakistan-army-pa/|work=Major|publisher=A.H Amin|accessdate=11 July 2011}}</ref> | |||
| |strength2=10 Cavalry(Guides)<br>11 Cavalry<br>33 TDU<br>4 Frontier force<br>14 Para Brigade<ref name="Amin"/> | |||
| |casualties1= 6 Centurions<ref name="History"/><ref name="Singh 1991 147"/> | |||
| |casualties2= 66 tanks<ref name=Wilson/><ref name=Cambridge/> (31 confirmed)<ref name="Singh 1991 147"/> | |||
| |}} | |||
| {{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani War of 1965}} | |||
| {{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}} | |||
| The '''Battle of Phillora''' was one of the largest tank battles fought during the ]. It was the first major engagement between the two nations in the ] sector and coincided with the ]{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}. | |||
| ==Battle== | |||
| The battle started on 10 September, when Indian troops launched a massive attack at the Phillora sector. Its 1st Armoured Division was on the offensive in that area. Equipped with four armoured regiments, this division faced stiff opposition from the Pakistani 6th Armoured Division. | |||
| Pakistani air attacks did little damage to the tank columns and more to lorry and infantry columns. For the next two days intense fighting continued and the outnumbered Pakistani troops made a tactical retreat towards ]. At this point India claimed to destroyed 67 Pakistani tanks.<ref name=Steve>Zaloga, Steve (1999) ''The M47 and M48 Patton tanks'' ISBN 1-85532-825-9 pg.34-35.</ref> | |||
| According to ex Pakistan Army Major(retd.) and Military historian A.H Amin summed up the failure of the Pakistani armour at the battle of Phillora "....6 Armoured Division ordered Guides(10th) Cavalry and 14 FF to mount an attack from Bhagowal-Bhureshah area against the right flank of the Indians aimed at area Libbe-Chahr at 1130 hours on 11th September. The aim of this attack was to relieve pressure on 11 Cavalry. This Guides had a severe firefight with 16 Light Cavalry losing many tanks as well as destroying some enemy tanks but was unable to make any impression and the main Indian attack against 11 Cavalry holding Phillora proceeded smoothly. Phillora was captured by the Indians on 1530 hours on 11th September. 11 Cavalry fought well and lost so many tanks that from 11th September onwards it ceased to function as a complete tank regiment." However, Major Amin also criticized India for its strategic miscalculation "The Indians fought well but in the overall strategic context capture of Phillora was of little consequence. Had the Indians shown similar resolution and a little more coup d oeil and modified their plans at the brigade and divisional level on 8 September, by 11 September they would have been leisurely holding the east bank of MRL."<ref>{{cite web|last=Amin|first=Major Agha H.|title=Situation Leading to and Battle of Phillora|url=http://pavocavalry.wordpress.com/2008/11/17/situation-leading-to-and-battle-of-phillora-click-to-enlarge-maps-1965-1965-war-map-conceived-and-drawn-by-ah-amin-indian-army-pakistan-army-pa/|work=Think Tank|publisher=AH Amin|accessdate=11 July 2011}}</ref> | |||
| ==Conclusion== | |||
| On 12 September 1965, the tank battle at Phillora ended in an important decisive victory for the Indian Army with the Pakistani forces retreating and regrouping to put up a last stand at Chawinda<ref>{{cite book | |||
| |last = Wilson | |||
| |first = Peter | |||
| |title = Wars, proxy-wars and terrorism: post independent India | |||
| |publisher = Mittal Publications, 2003 | |||
| |isbn = 978-81-7099-890-7}}</ref><ref name=Steve>Zaloga, Steve (1999) ''The M47 and M48 Patton tanks'' ISBN 1-85532-825-9 pg.34-35.</ref> A day before, the Indian Army had experienced another victory at ] when they successfully thwarted Pakistani offensive in the Khem Karan sector. The continued thrust by the Indian Army into Pakistani territory finally culminated in the ], where the Indian army's advance was successfully halted.<ref name="Allan">{{cite book|last=Fricker|first=John|title=Battle for Pakistan: the air war of 1965|year=1979|publisher=I. Allan|location=University of Michigan|pages=128|url =https://books.google.com/books?ei=7x-XVPS9EselNrKrhMAC&id=RPttAAAAMAAJ&dq=Battle+for+Pakistan%3A+the+air+war+of+1965+chawinda&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+chawinda | |||
| |ISBN=978-0-71-100929-5}}</ref><ref></ref><ref></ref> On 22 September with the signing of ceasefire, all the offensives were ceased on that front.<ref>Barua, Pradeep (2005) ''The state at war in South Asia'' ISBN 0-8032-1344-1 pg.192.</ref> On 22 September the ] unanimously passed a resolution that called for an unconditional ceasefire from both nations.<ref name=Pradhan>{{cite book | |||
| |last = Pradhan | |||
| |first = R.D. | |||
| |title = 1965 war, the inside story | |||
| |publisher = Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, 2007 | |||
| |isbn =978-81-269-0762-5}}</ref> The war ended the following day. India still retained almost 200 square miles(518 square kilometres) of Pakistan territory in the Sialkot sector including the villages of Phillora, Pagowal, Maharajke, ], Bajagrahi etc. which was returned to Pakistan after the Tashket Declaration.<ref name="History">{{cite web|last=History|first=Official|title=Operations in Sialkot sector|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1965War/PDF/1965Chapter07.pdf|work=Official history|publisher=Bharat-Rakshak.com|accessdate=11 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110609073555/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1965War/PDF/1965Chapter07.pdf| archivedate= 9 June 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="Singh 1991 147">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Lt.Gen Harbaksh|title=War Despatches|year=1991|publisher=Lancer International|location=56 Gautam nagar, New Delhi|isbn=81-7062-117-8|pages=147}}</ref> | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| {{coord missing|Pakistan}} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Phillora}} | |||
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