Misplaced Pages

Revision as of 03:32, 25 January 2017

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Noise rock" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. (December 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article's lead section may be too long. Please read the length guidelines and help move details into the article's body. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Noise rock is a style of experimental rock rooted in noise music. The genre, which gained prominence in the 1980s, makes use of the traditional instrumentation and iconography of rock music, but incorporates atonality and especially dissonance, and frequently discards typical songwriting conventions. Noise rock developed from early avant-garde music, sound art, and rock songs featuring extremely dissonant sounds and electronic feedback. The New York no wave scene, featuring such artists as Mars and Teenage Jesus and the Jerks in the late 1970s, was an essential development in noise rock.

A number of noise rock bands emerged in North America in the 1980s. These included Caroliner, and Grotus (San Francisco), Big Black (Chicago), Butthole Surfers, The Jesus Lizard, Scratch Acid (Texas), The Melvins (Montesano, Washington), Dinosaur Jr. (Massachusetts), Sonic Youth, Live Skull, Swans, White Zombie, The Thing, Blow 454 and Helmet (New York), Laughing Hyenas (Michigan), Pussy Galore and Royal Trux (Washington DC), among many others. A similar scene also began to develop in Osaka, Japan, spearheaded by Hanatarash and the Boredoms, The British shoegazing groups developed an entirely distinct form of noise rock, largely derived from the so-called noise pop related genre. Some math rock groups like Don Caballero and Hella are also considered noise rock. The 1980s noise rock bands were significant influences on Nirvana and Hole, The powerviolence scene was close to noise rock, with Man Is the Bastard eventually dissolving into unstructured noise music.

Beginning in the mid-1990s, Providence became the center of a new crop of noise-rock bands, largely a product of the RISD scene. After 2000, noise rock groups formed all over the world. Post 2000 noise rock often features tribal polyrhythmic drum patterns. Noise rock groups that formed after 2010 include Roomrunner, Dope Body, Nü Sensae, METZ, Disappears, Dumb Numbers, as well as new Japanese acts such as Nisennenmondai and Bo Ningen.

Style

Noise rock is a genre of music descended from early avant-garde music and sound art. Sonic Youth's Thurston Moore has said that

Noise has taken the place of punk rock. People who play noise have no aspiration to become part of mainstream culture. Punk has been co-opted, and subterranean noise music and the avant-garde folk scene have replaced it.

Visual and conceptual elements

Many noise rock groups have a confrontational performance style that mirrors the aggression of their music. This reaches back to The Who and Jimi Hendrix, who were famous for destroying their instruments on stage. Other artists such as Iggy Pop, of the Stooges, and Darby Crash, of The Germs, lacerated their own bodies during performances.

1980s noise rock musicians tended to adopt a simple, utilitarian mode of dress influenced by the hardcore punk ethos as a rejection of the more ostentatious elements of punk fashion. Steve Albini articulated an ethical stance that emphasized restraint, irony, and self-sufficiency. The Butthole Surfers were an exception as they dressed as bizarrely as possible. Several bands also made public references to drug use, particularly LSD (Syd Barrett, Jimi Hendrix, Butthole Surfers) and heroin (The Velvet Underground, Royal Trux). Many contemporary noise rock musicians, such as The Locust, Comparative Anatomy, and Lightning Bolt, have a very theatrical performances and wear costumes. Some bands incorporate visual displays, such as film or video art.

History

Precursors

The origins of noise rock are rooted in rock songs featuring extremely dissonant sounds and electronic feedback. Examples of commercially successful figures that pioneered these elements include the Grateful Dead, Jimi Hendrix, The Who, and Neil Young. Underground rock musicians such as The Stooges, The Velvet Underground, and the MC5 incorporated elements of free jazz and minimalism, notably The Velvet Underground's self-titled debut and their second album, White Light/White Heat, which incorporated free musicianship and drone sounds. More obscure musicians such as The Monks, San Francisco's Fifty Foot Hose, and Japan's Les Rallizes Dénudés, also incorporated the effects of dissonance. German Krautrock bands were also significant influences on noise rock, most notably Can and Faust. The New York no wave scene, featuring such artists as Mars and Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, which began to coalesce in 1978, was also an essential development in noise rock. While no wave included a variety of post-punk, experimental tendencies, with different groups incorporating elements of free jazz, soul, and disco into their performance, the most abrasive groups would find their innovations streamlined into noise rock tradition. Chrome, from San Francisco, produced their own style of psychedelic punk that shared some common ground with the no wave groups.

Prominence in the 1980s

A number of noise rock bands emerged from many different scenes in North America in the 1980s. These included Caroliner, and Grotus (San Francisco), Big Black (Chicago), Butthole Surfers, The Jesus Lizard Scratch Acid (Texas), The Melvins (Montesano, Washington), Dinosaur Jr., Sonic Youth, Live Skull, Swans, White Zombie, The Thing, and Helmet (New York), Pussy Galore and Royal Trux (Washington DC), among many others. These bands were initially referred to as "pigfuck" by Robert Christgau, in a reference to Bertolucci's Last Tango in Paris, though the increasingly melodic tendencies of many of these groups quickly rendered the tag misleading. The Minneapolis label Amphetamine Reptile released a great deal of music in this tradition. Industrial groups such as Throbbing Gristle developed in parallel to, and sometimes in collaboration with, the noise rock groups. Many of these bands went on to temper the initial ferocity and amelodicism of their approach. IAO Core covered and were influenced by The Stranglers, Sonic Youth spoke highly of The Beatles, Pussy Galore covered and were influenced by The Rolling Stones, Black Flag drew inspiration from Black Sabbath, and the Butthole Surfers worked with John Paul Jones and emulated Jimi Hendrix. Some math rock groups like Don Caballero are also considered noise rock. Post-hardcore, screamo, and some riot grrl groups also take influence from noise rock.

Beginning in 1986, the British group Napalm Death created "grindcore" by melding the noise rock of Swans with hardcore punk and death metal. While later grindcore groups tended to move in the direction of death metal, American bands such as Anal Cunt continued in an extremely dissonant, freeform vein. A similar scene also began to develop in Osaka, Japan, spearheaded by Hanatarash and the Boredoms, who composed extremely short, fast "songs", marked by blasts of rhythm (reflecting an influence from grindcore), screaming, and overloaded guitars. Boredoms singer Yamantaka Eye also worked with the New York City jazzcore group Naked City. The Boredoms eventually evolved towards a far more meditative sound, taking inspiration from Krautrock. Gore Beyond Necropsy, Ground Zero, Zeni Geva, Guitar Wolf, and Melt-Banana extended the Japanese noise rock style. These bands also reflected the impact of the Japanoise scene pioneered by Merzbow.

Influence on the mainstream

The 1980s noise rock bands were significant influences on Nirvana and Hole, and as a result had some mainstream currency during the period when grunge was played on the radio. Nirvana's album In Utero is particularly evident in its debts to 1980s noise rock, and was produced by Big Black frontman and noise rock icon Steve Albini. Industrial metal groups, such as Ministry, Nine Inch Nails, and White Zombie, were also indebted to noise rock.

1990s

In 1992, Melt-Banana started in Japan, afterwards being picked up by John Zorn and Steve Albini and became a known act in Europe and the United States at the end of the nineties and a famous example of ultra fast noise rock. In France, Diabologum experimented with a mixture of dadaist collages and noisy rock. English power electronics band Ramleh also started to experiment with rock music structures in the early 1990s, laying foundation for "improvisational noise rock."

Noise rock also spread into the American South with bands such as the Ed Kemper Trio from Montgomery, Alabama. Heavily influenced by the sound of SST and Touch and Go, Ed Kemper Trio was the focus of the 2004 documentary People Will Eat Anything. Harry Pussy and To Live and Shave in L.A. formed in the early 1990s in Miami, Florida.

Mike Patton is also an advocate of the noise rock scene, maintaining the label Ipecac.

The Providence scene

Beginning in the mid-1990s, Providence became the center of a new crop of noise-rock bands, largely a product of the RISD scene. These groups tended to owe less to traditional rock song structures, and were more minimal and drone-like. These included Lightning Bolt, Arab on Radar, Six Finger Satellite, and Pink and Brown. Black Dice were originally part of this scene, but moved to Brooklyn, where they aligned themselves with groups like Gang Gang Dance. As journalist Marc Masters puts it, these groups "trafficked in a kind of art school version of 90's scum rock, mixing in overloaded effects, damaged electronics, and gimmicks like masks and in-mouth mics." These groups were also related, in part, to the San Diego scene that emerged from screamo, most famously The Locust, and to Wolf Eyes, from Ann Arbor, Michigan.

2000s

During the 2000s, noise rock groups formed all over the world. These included mclusky, Scarling, Black Dice, An Albatross, Deerhunter, The Death Set, Oneida, Parts and Labor, Fuck Buttons, Indian Jewelry, Yuck, Health, Neptune, Fiasco, Aa (Big A Little a), Skeleteen, Girls in Love, Magik Markers, Mohamed UFO, Mindflayer, Part Chimp, Japanther, and Hella. In San Francisco, some of the numerous examples include Deerhoof, Boxleitner, Erase Errata, So So Many White White Tigers, Total Shutdown, Numbers, Crack: We Are Rock, Burmese, and Pink & Brown. More examples of modern noise rock bands include No Age and Foot Village based in Los Angeles, Double Dagger, The New Flesh, and Ponytail from Baltimore, The Lowdown from Santa Cruz, The Intelligence from Seattle, Pre, Part Chimp, Male Bonding, and Action Beat from the UK, The Maharajah Commission from Malaysia, Japandroids from Vancouver, and AIDS Wolf from Montreal. In 2007, San Francisco's IAO Core announced that after 23 studio albums, they would only release recordings of their live performances, many of which are ritually located and time or date specific, and often several hours long. Experimental luthier Yuri Landman has experimented with a variety of extended techniques, with instruments created for the benefit of numerous groups in the scene, including Sonic Youth, Lightning Bolt, Liars, and Jad Fair.

The post 2000 noise rock often features tribal polyrhythmic drum patterns. Recent bands have carried on older traditions while branching out and furthering their theatrics. Bands such as Comparative Anatomy, Lightning Bolt, and The Locust are known for wearing outlandish costumes.

2010s

Noise rock groups that are notable after 2010 include Roomrunner, Dope Body, Body/Head, Iceage, Guerilla Toss, Perfect Pussy, Whores, Girl Band, Nü Sensae, METZ, Disappears, Dumb Numbers, as well as new Japanese acts such as Nisennenmondai and Bo Ningen. In 2010 Daughters gained popularity while changing their sound to more of a noise rock one.

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2014)

Related genres

Noise pop

Early 1980s underground band The Membranes coined the term "pop noise" to describe a noisier precursor to the scene. Early American bands like Sonic Youth, Yo La Tengo and Dinosaur Jr., who mixed rock song structures with guitar distortion, were immediate forerunners. The Jesus and Mary Chain's 1985 debut, Psychocandy, was considered the archetype for the noise pop genre. Flaming Lips and Mercury Rev brought the sonic teachings of noise to the psychedelic terrain, with special influence from Syd Barrett. These two bands, have had a similar evolution, since in addition to having shared members in certain stages of its race, later they left almost at the same time the noises sounds to invoice discs much more pop. Later in the 1980s, noise pop was a major inspiration for the British shoegazing movement. Influenced by The Jesus and Mary Chain, My Bloody Valentine started to experiment with a fusion of 1960s pop music and noise on their EP, The New Record by My Bloody Valentine, paving way to their forthcoming shoegazing sound. Noise pop continued to be influential in the indie rock scene into the 1990s.

Noisecore

The term noisecore has been used by the mainstream media to define hardcore bands from the late 90's to the mid 00's. The term was an often used as a umbrella term for hardcore bands that use elements of noise rock and in rarer cases noise in their sound. Genres that are normally associated with noisecore are metalcore, mathcore, grindcore, powerviolence and extreme metal. Kevin Stewart-Panko of Terrorizer referred to groups such as Neurosis, Deadguy, Cave In, Today Is the Day, The Dillinger Escape Plan, Converge, Coalesce, Candiria, Botch, and Psyopus as noisecore. Stewart-Panko described the sound of these bands as a "dynamic, violent, discordant, technical, brutal, off-kilter, no rules mixture of hardcore, metal, prog, math rock, grind and jazz." Other bands that have been dubbed noisecore are Melt-Banana, The Locust, Combatwoundedveteran, Some Girls, An Albatross, Head Wound City, Man Is the Bastard, Daughters among others.

Labels

The following is a list of record labels that specialize in noise rock.

References

1. Osborn, Brad (October 2011). "Understanding Through-Composition in Post-Rock, Math-Metal, and other Post-Millennial Rock Genres*". Music Theory Online. 17 (3).
2. ^ Ben Sisario, "The Art of Noise", Spin, December 2, 2004. Access date: August 24, 2008. In this article, Ben Sisario calls Lightning Bolt key players in noise rock. Formed in 1994 at RISD, Lightning Bolt released three albums for Providence. Another bands mentioned include the trio Wolf Eyes & and Arab on Radar. According to Sisario, the genre origins lie in the industrial of English group Throbbing Gristle and the noise of Japanese acts Merzbow and The Boredoms. Historically -says Sisario- noise rock had been narrow in sound, with Swans & Live Skull being stiff and humorless; more modern bands such The Locust, Lightning Bolt, and Pink and Brown ham it up by wearing absurd masks and costumes.
3. ^ Allmusic Genre: Noise rock. Access date: August 25, 2008. According to Allmusic, noise rock grew out of punk rock and was later brought to a wider alternative audience when pioneers Sonic Youth began to incorporate melody into their droning sound. Some bands like the Swans and Big Black, however, took a much darker, more threatening approach, while other bands as Royal Trux, Pussy Galore and Butthole Surfers used guitar noise to create a dirty, decadent and repulsive atmosphere.
4. ^ Georg Cracked, Noise Rock FAQ, April 2002- January 2008. Access date: August 25, 2008.
5. "No Wave", Allmusic. Access date: August 25, 2008.
6. Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Jesus Lizard bio, Allmusic. Access date: August 25, 2008.
7. Will Lerner, Scratch Acid, The Greatest Gift review, Allmusic. Access date: August 25, 2008.
8. Patrick Kennedy, Melvins, Honky review, Allmusic. Access date: August 26, 2008.
9. Jason Birchmeier, Helmet, Strap It On review, Allmusic. Access date: August 26, 2008.
10. Andrew Parks, "Boredoms Explore the Void", Theme, Fall 2006. Access date: August 26, 2008.
11. "Noise pop", Allmusic, retrieved 4 September 2011.
12. Steve Huey, Don Caballero bio, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
13. Stephen Thomas Erlewine & Greg Prato, Nirvana bio, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
14. Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Pretty On the Inside review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
15. Alien 8, Bastard Noise description, January 1, 2000. Access date: August 27, 2008.
16. Martin Patrick, "Rock/Art", Art Monthly, issue 276, May 2004. Access date: August 25, 2008.
17. Stephen Thomas Erlewine & Mark Deming, The Stooges, Allmusic bio. Access date: August 25, 2008.
18. John Dougan, The Germs, Allmusic bio. Access date: August 25, 2008.
19. Azerrad, "Big Black", p. 312-345.
20. ^ Azerrad, "Butthole Surfers", p. 274-311.
21. John Dougan, Royal Trux, Allmusic bio. Access date: August 25, 2008.
22. Richie Unterberger & Sean Westergaard, Jimi Hendrix, Allmusic Bio. Access date: August 25, 2008.
23. Richie Unterberger, The Who Sings My Generation review, Allmusic. Access date: August 25, 2008.
24. G.E. Light, " '90's Noise", Part 3 of 4, Perfect Sound Forever. Access date: August 25, 2008.
25. Martin Patrick, "Rock/Art", Art Monthly, issue 276, May 2004. Access date: August 25, 2008.
26. Velvet Underground and Nico review, Rolling Stone, November 1, 2003. Access date: August 26, 2008.
27. Richie Unterberger, The Monks, Allmusic bio. Access date: August 25, 2008.
28. Richie Unterberger, Fifty Foot Hose, Allmusic bio. Access date: August 25, 2008.
29. Rolf Semprebon, Allmusic bio, . Access date: August 25, 2008.
30. Ben Sisario, "The Art of Noise", Spin, December 2, 2004. Access date: August 24, 2008. In this article, Ben Sisario calls Lightning Bolt key players in noise rock. Formed in 1994 at RISD, Lightning Bolt released three albums for Providence. Another bands mentioned include the trio Wolf Eyes & and Arab on Radar. According to Sisario, the genre origins lie in the industrial of English group Throbbing Gristle and the noise of Japanese acts Merzbow and The Boredoms. Historically -says Sisario- noise rock had been narrow in sound, with Swans & Live Skull being stiff and humorless; more modern bands such The Locust, Lightning Bolt, and Pink and Brown ham it up by wearing absurd masks and costumes.
31. "No Wave", Allmusic. Access date: August 25, 2008.
32. John Bush, Chrome, Allmusic bio. Access date: August 25, 2008.
33. ^ Allmusic Genre: Noise rock. Access date: August 25, 2008. According to Allmusic, noise rock grew out of punk rock and was later brought to a wider alternative audience when pioneers Sonic Youth began to incorporate melody into their droning sound. Some bands like the Swans and Big Black, however, took a much darker, more threatening approach, while other bands as Royal Trux, Pussy Galore and Butthole Surfers used guitar noise to create a dirty, decadent and repulsive atmosphere.
34. ^ Georg Cracked, Noise Rock FAQ, April 2002- January 2008. Access date: August 25, 2008.
35. Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Jesus Lizard bio, Allmusic. Access date: August 25, 2008.
36. Will Lerner, Scratch Acid, The Greatest Gift review, Allmusic. Access date: August 25, 2008.
37. Patrick Kennedy, Melvins, Honky review, Allmusic. Access date: August 26, 2008.
38. ^ Ben Sisario, "The Art of Noise", Spin, December 2, 2004. Access date: August 24, 2008. In this article, Ben Sisario calls Lightning Bolt key players in noise rock. Formed in 1994 at RISD, Lightning Bolt released three albums for Providence. Another bands mentioned include the trio Wolf Eyes & and Arab on Radar. According to Sisario, the genre origins lie in the industrial of English group Throbbing Gristle and the noise of Japanese acts Merzbow and The Boredoms. Historically -says Sisario- noise rock had been narrow in sound, with Swans & Live Skull being stiff and humorless; more modern bands such The Locust, Lightning Bolt, and Pink and Brown ham it up by wearing absurd masks and costumes.
39. Jason Birchmeier, Helmet, Strap It On review, Allmusic. Access date: August 26, 2008.
40. Christgau, Robert. "Township Jive Conquers the World: The 13th (or 14th) Annual Pazz & Jop Critics Poll". Village Voice. March 3, 1987.
41. Bradley Torreano, Dope, Guns, ... vol. 1 review, Allmusic. Access date: August 26, 2008.
42. Cameron Macdonald, Stylus Magazine, Ciccone Youth review, August 9, 2005. Access date: August 27, 2008.
43. Carly Carlioli, "Sleazy does it", The Boston Phoenix, April 16–23, 1998. Access date: August 27, 2008.
44. John Dougan, My War review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
45. Ned Raggett, Independent Worm Saloon review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
46. Ned Raggett, Hairway to Steven review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
47. Steve Huey, Don Caballero bio, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
48. Jeff Terich, "Post-hardcore: The 90 Minute Guide", Treblezine, April 24, 2007. Access date: August 27, 2008.
49. Jason Heller, "Feast of Reason", Denver Westword, June 20, 2002. Access date: August 27, 2008.
50. Stewart Mason, Bikini Kill review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
51. Mudrian, page 35.
52. Blush, Steven (1991). Grindcore. Spin, 7(3), p. 36.
53. "Grindcore", Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
54. ^ Ben Sisario, "The Art of Noise", Spin, December 2, 2004. Access date: August 24, 2008. In this article, Ben Sisario calls Lightning Bolt key players in noise rock. Formed in 1994 at RISD, Lightning Bolt released three albums for Providence. Another bands mentioned include the trio Wolf Eyes & and Arab on Radar. According to Sisario, the genre origins lie in the industrial of English group Throbbing Gristle and the noise of Japanese acts Merzbow and The Boredoms. Historically -says Sisario- noise rock had been narrow in sound, with Swans & Live Skull being stiff and humorless; more modern bands such The Locust, Lightning Bolt, and Pink and Brown ham it up by wearing absurd masks and costumes.
55. Andrew Parks, "Boredoms Explore the Void", Theme, Fall 2006. Access date: August 26, 2008.
56. Brad Jones, "Bore None", Denver Westword, July 6, 1994. Access date: August 26, 2008.
57. Bradley Torreano, Torture Garden review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
58. Steve Huey, Boredoms bio, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
59. Steve Huey, Noise a Go Go review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
60. ^ Georg Cracked, Noise Rock FAQ, April 2002- January 2008. Access date: August 25, 2008.
61. Joslyn Lane, Null and Void review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
62. Patrick Kennedy, Freedom Bondage review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
63. Ned Raggett, Planet of the Wolves review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
64. Ben Tausig & Jason Lymangrover, Melt-Banana bio, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
65. Stephen Thomas Erlewine & Greg Prato, Nirvana bio, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
66. ^ Georg Cracked, Noise Rock FAQ, April 2002- January 2008. Access date: August 25, 2008.
67. Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Pretty On the Inside review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
68. Pareles, Jon (1992-06-14). "POP VIEW; Nirvana-bes Awaiting Fame's Call". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-11-07.
69. Stephen Thomas Erlewine, In Utero review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
70. Ned Raggett, Psalm 69 review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
71. Steve Huey, Broken review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
72. Bradley Torreano, Psycho-Head Blowout review, Allmusic. Access date: August 27, 2008.
73. "Ramleh - Too Many Miles". The Wire. 221–226: 73. 2002.
74. Perdue, Everett Jang. "Ramleh". Trouser Press. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
75. Greg Prato, Fantômas review, Allmusic. Access date: August 28, 2008.
76. David Downs, "Orinda's Noise Vomitorium". East Bay Express, January 17, 2007. Access date: August 28, 2008.
77. ^ Ben Sisario, "The Art of Noise", Spin, December 2, 2004. Access date: August 24, 2008. In this article, Ben Sisario calls Lightning Bolt key players in noise rock. Formed in 1994 at RISD, Lightning Bolt released three albums for Providence. Another bands mentioned include the trio Wolf Eyes & and Arab on Radar. According to Sisario, the genre origins lie in the industrial of English group Throbbing Gristle and the noise of Japanese acts Merzbow and The Boredoms. Historically -says Sisario- noise rock had been narrow in sound, with Swans & Live Skull being stiff and humorless; more modern bands such The Locust, Lightning Bolt, and Pink and Brown ham it up by wearing absurd masks and costumes.
78. Will Lerner, Severe Exposure review, Allmusic. Access date: August 28, 2008.
79. Daphne Carr, Shame Fantasy II review, Allmusic. Access date: August 28, 2008.
80. Jo-Ann Greene, God's Money review, Allmusic. Access date: August 28, 2008.
81. Marc Masters, "The Decade in Noise," Pitchfork, September 14, 2009. Access date: November 19, 2009.
82. http://www.burnmyeye.com/
83. http://othersounds.sg/news/tour/congress-of-weird-fools-part-iii-gangly-youth-and-the-maharajah-commission/.
84. Ben Sisario, "The Art of Noise", Spin, December 2, 2004. Access date: August 24, 2008. In this article, Ben Sisario calls Lightning Bolt key players in noise rock. Formed in 1994 at RISD, Lightning Bolt released three albums for Providence. Another bands mentioned include the trio Wolf Eyes & and Arab on Radar. According to Sisario, the genre origins lie in the industrial of English group Throbbing Gristle and the noise of Japanese acts Merzbow and The Boredoms. Historically -says Sisario- noise rock had been narrow in sound, with Swans & Live Skull being stiff and humorless; more modern bands such The Locust, Lightning Bolt, and Pink and Brown ham it up by wearing absurd masks and costumes.
85. Chapman, Rob (2010). Syd Barrett: A Very Irregular Head. Rob Chapman. ISBN 978-0-7546-8803-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
86. ^ "Noise Pop: Significant Albums, Artists and Songs, Most Viewed: AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
87. Abebe, Nitsuh. "My Bloody Valentine - The New Record by My Bloody Valentine". Allmusic. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
88. Kevin Stewart-Panko, "The Decade in Noisecore", Terrorizer no. 75, Feb 2000, p. 22-23.

Bibliography

Álvarez-Fernández, Miguel (2005). Dissonance, Sex and Noise: (Re)Building (Hi)Stories of Electroacoustic Music. In ICMC 2005: Free Sound Conference Proceedings. Barcelona: International Computer Music Conference; International Computer Music Association; SuviSoft Oy Ltd.
Azzerad, Michael (2002). Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground 1981-1991. Back Bay Books. ISBN 0-316-78753-1
Hegarty, Paul (2007). Noise/Music: A History. Continuum International. ISBN 0-8264-1727-2
Heylin, Clinton (1993). From the Velvets to the Voidoids: The Birth of American Punk Rock. ISBN 1-55652-575-3
Masters, Marc (2008). No Wave. Black Dog Publishing. ISBN 1-906155-02-X
McNeil, Legs and Gillian McCain (1997). Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk. Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-4264-8
Mudrian, Albert (2000). Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore. Feral House. ISBN 1-932595-04-X
Nechvatal, Joseph (2012). Immersion Into Noise. Ann Arbor: Open Humanities Press.
Reynolds, Simon (1990). Blissed Out: The Raptures of Rock. Serpent's Tail. ISBN 1-85242-199-1
Reynolds, Simon (1995). The Sex Revolts. Serpent's Tail. ISBN 1-85242-254-8
Reynolds, Simon (2006). Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978-1984. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-303672-6.

• Punk rock genres
• Alternative rock genres
• Noise music