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| {{About|the letter of the alphabet}} | |||
| {{Technical reasons|D#|D-sharp|D♯ (disambiguation)}} | |||
| {{refimprove|date=December 2014}} | |||
| {{Latin letter info|d}} | |||
| ] | |||
| '''D''' (] ''dee'' {{IPAc-en|'|d|iː}}<ref>"D" ''Oxford English Dictionary,'' 2nd edition (1989); '']'s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged'' (1993); "dee", ''op. cit.''</ref>) is the fourth ] of the ] and the ]. | |||
| ==History== | |||
| {| class="wikitable" | |||
| |- style="background-color:#EEEEEE; text-align:center;" | |||
| ! Egyptian hieroglyph <br>door | |||
| ! Phoenician <br/>'']h'' | |||
| ! Greek <br/>'']'' | |||
| ! Etruscan <br/>D | |||
| ! Roman <br/>D | |||
| |- style="background-color:white; text-align:center;" | |||
| |<hiero>O31</hiero> | |||
| | ] | |||
| | ] | |||
| | ] | |||
| | ] | |||
| |} | |||
| The Semitic letter ] may have developed from the ] for a fish or a door. There are many different ]s that might have inspired this. In Semitic, Ancient Greek and Latin, the letter represented {{IPA|/d/}}; in the ] the letter was superfluous but still retained (see letter ]). The equivalent ] is Delta, ]. | |||
| The ] (lower-case) form of 'd' consists of a loop and a tall ] stroke. It developed by gradual variations on the majuscule (capital) form. In handwriting, it was common to start the arc to the left of the vertical stroke, resulting in a ] at the top of the arc. This serif was extended while the rest of the letter was reduced, resulting in an angled stroke and loop. The angled stroke slowly developed into a vertical stroke. | |||
| ==Use in writing systems== | |||
| ] for "]"), on a ] at the border between Austria and Germany.]] | |||
| In most languages that use the Latin alphabet, and in the ], {{angbr|d}} generally represents the ] or ] {{IPA|/d/}}. However, in the ], it represents the sound {{IPA|/z/}} in northern dialects or {{IPA|/j/}} in southern dialects. (See ] and ].) In ] it represents a ] stop {{IPA|/nd/}}.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Pacific languages: an introduction |first=John |last=Lynch |page=97 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zYfV1jN3whUC&pg=PA97&dq=d+fijian+prenasalized#v=onepage&q=d%20fijian%20prenasalized&f=false |year=1998 |publisher=] |isbn=0-8248-1898-9 }}</ref> In some languages where ]less ] stops contrast with voiceless aspirated stops, {{angbr|d}} represents an unaspirated {{IPA|/t/}}, while {{angbr|t}} represents an aspirated {{IPA|/tʰ/}}. Examples of such languages include ], ], ] and the ] transliteration of ]. | |||
| ==Other uses== | |||
| * The ] Ⅾ represents the number ].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywI6SDUggk4C&q=ix#v=snippet&q=%22roman%20numerals%22&f=false | title=Illustrated Introduction to Latin Epigraphy | publisher=University of California Press | date=1983 | accessdate=3 October 2015 | author=Gordon, Arthur E. | pages=44| isbn=9780520038981 }}</ref> | |||
| * D is the grade below C but above E in the ]. | |||
| ==Related characters== | |||
| <!-- Please only list characters (symbols in a writing system, but not just convenience codepoints in Unicode) that are actually related in terms of origin to the letter that is the topic of this article. Characters that merely look subjectively similar need not apply. See https://en.wikipedia.org/Wikipedia:Verifiability and https://en.wikipedia.org/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources before adding more. --> | |||
| ===Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet=== | |||
| *Ð ð : ] | |||
| *D with ]s: ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] | |||
| *]-specific symbols related to D: {{IPA link|ɖ}} | |||
| ===Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets=== | |||
| *𐤃 : ] letter ], from which the following symbols originally derive | |||
| **Δ δ : ] letter ], from which the following symbols originally derive | |||
| ***{{Script|Copt|Ⲇ ⲇ}} : ] letter Delta | |||
| ***Д д : ] letter ] | |||
| ***𐌃 : ] D, the ancestor of modern Latin D | |||
| ****{{Script|Runr|ᛞ}} : ] letter ], which is possibly a descendent of Old Italic D | |||
| ****{{Script|Runr|ᚦ}} Runic letter ], another possible descendent of Old Italic D | |||
| ***{{Script|Goth|𐌳}} : ] letter daaz, which derives from Greek Delta | |||
| ===Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations=== | |||
| *₫ : ] | |||
| *∂ : ], <math>\part</math> | |||
| ==Computing codes== | |||
| {{charmap | |||
| | 0044 | 0064 | name1 = Latin Capital Letter D | name2 =   Latin Small Letter D | |||
| | map1 = ] family | map1char1 = C4 | map1char2 = 84 | |||
| | map2 = ] <sup>1</sup> | map2char1 = 44 | map2char2 = 64 | |||
| }} | |||
| : <sup>1</sup> {{midsize|Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.}} | |||
| ==Other representations== | |||
| {{Letter other reps | |||
| |NATO=Delta | |||
| |Morse=–·· | |||
| |Character=D4 | |||
| |Braille=⠙ | |||
| }} | |||
| In ] (BSL), the letter 'd' is indicated by signing with the right hand held with the index and thumb extended and slightly curved, and the tip of the thumb and finger held against the extended index of the left hand. | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{Commons|D}} | |||
| *{{Wiktionary-inline|D}} | |||
| *{{Wiktionary-inline|d}} | |||
| {{Latin alphabet|D|}} | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 17:40, 10 February 2017
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