| Revision as of 05:12, 25 August 2017 edit171.76.97.65 (talk) →"City of Widows": Removed inappropriate external link(s). WP:ELNO)← Previous edit | Revision as of 05:13, 25 August 2017 edit undo171.76.97.65 (talk) Removed inappropriate external link(s). WP:ELNO)Tag: references removedNext edit → | ||
| Line 55: | Line 55: | ||
| | footnotes = | | footnotes = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Vrindavan''' ({{audio|Vrindavan.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a town in the ] of ], India. | |||
| '''Vrindavan''' ({{audio|Vrindavan.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a town in the ] of ], India. It is the site where according to ], ] spent his childhood days. The town is about 11 km away from ], Krishna's birthplace on the ]-] highway (]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Keene|first=Henry George|authorlink=Henry George Keene (1826–1915)|title=A Handbook for Visitors to Agra and Its Neighbourhood|url=https://archive.org/stream/ahandbookforvis00keengoog#page/n113/mode/1up|chapter=Bindrabun|date=1899|publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co.|pages=98–106}}</ref> The town hosts many temples dedicated to the worship of ] and Krishna and is considered ] by ].<ref name=Madan>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= 176|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> | |||
| == Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
Revision as of 05:13, 25 August 2017
 | This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Vrindavan" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
City in Uttar Pradesh, India
| Vrindavan | |
|---|---|
| city | |
 | |
  VrindavanLocation in Uttar Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 27°35′N 77°42′E / 27.58°N 77.7°E / 27.58; 77.7 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Mathura |
| Elevation | 170 m (560 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 63,005 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 281121 |
Vrindavan (pronunciation) is a town in the Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Etymology
.jpg)
The ancient Sanskrit name of the city, Vṛndāvana, comes from its groves of vṛndā Tulasi (tulsi, Holy Basil) Ocimum tenuiflorum with vana meaning a grove or a forest.
History
Vrindavan has an ancient past, associated with Hindu history, and is an important Hindu pilgrimage site. One of its oldest surviving temples is the Govinda Deva temple, built in 1590, with the town founded earlier in the same century. The essence of Vrindavan was lost over time until the 16th century, when it was rediscovered by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. In the year 1515, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu visited Vrindavana, with the purpose of locating the lost holy places associated with Lord Sri Krishna's transcendent pastimes. Chaitanya wandered through the different sacred forests of Vrindavana in a spiritual trance of divine love. It was believed that by His divine spiritual power, He was able to locate all the important places of Krishna's pastimes in and around Vrindavana.
Geography
Vrindavan is located at 27°35′N 77°42′E / 27.58°N 77.7°E / 27.58; 77.7. It has an average elevation of 170 metres (557 feet).
Demographics
As of 2001 India census, Vrindavan had a population of 56,618. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Vrindavan has an average literacy rate of 65%, lower than the national average of 74.04%. In Vrindavan, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. The number of females is 24,200 including 13% who are under 6 years of age.
Religious heritage
Main article: Krishna
Vrindavan is considered to be a holy place for Vaisnavism tradition of Hinduism. It is a center of Krishna worship and the area includes places like Govardhana and Gokul that are associated with Krishna. Millions of devotees of Radha Krishna visit these places of pilgrimage every year and participate in a number of festivals.
Temples
- Govind Dev Temple (Sri Radha Govinda Temple) was a seven storeyed structure built by Raja Man Singh with red sandstone donated by Akbar in 1590. It was destroyed by Mughal ruler Aurangzeb.. See Also, Govind Dev Ji Temple, Jaipur city Palace complex
- New Radha Govinda Temple was built by Sri Krishna Balaram Swamiji and was completed in 2004 is based on a historic temple built about 500 years ago by Srila Rupa Goswami, a direct Sanyasi disciple of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.
- Sri Radha Raman Mandir, constructed at the request of Gopala Bhatta Goswami and houses a saligram deity of Krishna as Radha Ramana, alongside Radha.
- Radha Vallabh Temple, set up by Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu has a crown of Radharani placed next to the Krishna in the sanctum.
- Meera Bai Temple, located at southern side of Shahji temple near Nidhivan and is dedicated to Meera. Some hagiography state she miraculously disappeared by merging into a deity of Krishna at Dwarika in 1547. While miracles are contested by scholars for the lack of historical evidence, it is widely acknowledged that Meera dedicated her life to Hindu deity Krishna, composing songs of devotion and was one of the most important poet-sant of the Bhakti movement period.
- Banke Bihari Temple, built in 1862 after the image of Banke-Bihari was discovered in Nidhi Vana by Swami Haridas.
- Prem Mandir is a spiritual complex situated on a 54-acre site on the outskirts of Vrindavan dedicated to divine love. The temple structure was established by spiritual guru Kripalu Maharaj. The main structure built in marble and figures of Krishna cover the main temple.
- Sri Krishna-Balarama Temple was built by the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) in Raman-Reti. The principal deities of this temple are Krishna and Balaram, with Radha–Shyamasundar and Gaura-Nitai alongside. Adjoining the temple is the samadhi of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of ISKCON, built in pure white marble.
- Bhuteshwar Mahadev Temple, a shrine believed to be a Shakti Peetha where ringlets of hair of Sati Devi is believed to have fallen.
- Garud Govind Temple is located on the turn of NH-2 to Vrindavan in Chhatikara village.
- Vrindavan Chandrodaya Mandir is a temple under-construction at Mathura by ISKCON. At cost of ₹300 crore (US$35 million) it will be the tallest temple in world on completion.
See also
References
- Census of India
- "Brindaban". The Imperial Gazetteer of India. 1909.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Brindaban" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 571.
- "Vrindavan PinCode". citypincode.in. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
- "Discovery of Vrindavan by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu".
- "Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Vrindavan".
- "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
- A students' history of education in India (1800–1973) (6 ed.). Macmillan. 1974.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - Klaus Klostermaier (2007). A Survey of Hinduism. State University of New York Press; 3 edition. p. 204. ISBN 0-7914-7081-4.
The center of Krishna-worship has been for a long time Brajbhumi, the district of Mathura that embraces also Vrindavana, Govardhana, and Gokula, associated with Krishna from the time immemorial. Many millions of Krishna bhaktas visit these places every year and participate in the numerous festivals that re-enact divine scenes from Krishna's life on Earth, of which were spent in those very places
- http://uptourism.gov.in/pages/top/explore/top-explore-mathura---vrindavan/govind-dev-temple
- "Red Stone Temple".
- "The history of Sri Radha Raman Temple".
- "Radhavallabh Temple website".
- Usha Nilsson (1997), Mira bai, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-8126004119, pages 1-15
- Usha Nilsson (1997), Mira bai, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-8126004119, pages 16-17
- John S Hawley (2005), Three Bhakti Voices: Mirabai, Surdas and Kabir in Their Times and Ours, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195670851, pages 128-130
- "Banke-Bihari Temple website".
- "Prem Mandir".
- "Kripaluji Maharaj's Prem Mandir will be inaugurated on 17 February". Aaj Ki Khabar.
- http://www.iskconvrindavan.com
- (Translator), F. Max Muller (1 June 2004). The Upanishads, Vol I. Kessinger Publishing, LLC. ISBN 1-4191-8641-8.
{{cite book}}:|last=has generic name (help); Check|first=value (help) - (Translator), F. Max Muller (26 July 2004). The Upanishads Part II: The Sacred Books of the East Part Fifteen. Kessinger Publishing, LLC. ISBN 1-4179-3016-0.
{{cite book}}:|last=has generic name (help); Check|first=value (help) - http://www.brajdarshan.in/garud-gobind
- "ISKCON to build world's tallest temple at Mathura from today".
External links
Vrindavan travel guide from Wikivoyage
| Krishna | ||
|---|---|---|
| Forms |  | |
| Consorts | ||
| Other relatives | ||
| Worship | ||
| Holy sites |
| |
| Epigraphy | ||
| Texts | ||
| See also | ||
| Cities and towns in Mathura district | |
|---|---|
| Mathura | |
| Other districts |
|