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| {{Other uses|Armavir (disambiguation){{!}}Armavir}} | |||
| {{Infobox ancient site | |||
| | name = Armavir | |||
| | native_name = | |||
| | alternate_name = | |||
| | image = Արմավիրի բլուր.jpg | |||
| | alt = | |||
| | caption = The site of ancient Armavir | |||
| | map_type = Armenia | |||
| | map_alt = | |||
| | map_caption = | |||
| | map_size = 275 | |||
| | relief = | |||
| | coordinates = {{coord|40|04|55|N|44|02|00|E|display=inline,title}} | |||
| | location = 1 km west of the current village of ], ], ] | |||
| | region = | |||
| | type = | |||
| | part_of = | |||
| | length = | |||
| | width = | |||
| | area = | |||
| | height = | |||
| | builder = King ] | |||
| | material = | |||
| | built = 8th century BC<br> rebuilt 331 BC | |||
| | abandoned = 1603 | |||
| | epochs = <!-- actually displays as "Periods" --> | |||
| | cultures = | |||
| | dependency_of = | |||
| | occupants = | |||
| | event = | |||
| | excavations = | |||
| | archaeologists = | |||
| | condition = | |||
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| | management = | |||
| | public_access = | |||
| | website = | |||
| | notes = | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Armavir''' ({{lang-hy|Արմավիր}}) was a large commercial city and the ] of ancient ] during the reign of the ]. It is located 1 km west of the 17th-century village of ]. | |||
| ==History== | |||
| ===Antiquity=== | |||
| The area of ancient Armavir was inhabited since the 6th millennium BC. Various obsidian instruments, bronze objects and pottery have been found from that period. Armavir was regarded as an ], said to have been founded by King Aramais in 1980 BC. | |||
| During the first half of the 8th century BC, King ] of ] built a fortress in the area and named it ].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hakobyan|first=Tadevos|authorlink=Tadevos Hakobyan|title=Հայաստանի Պատմական Աշխարհագրություն |publisher =Yerevan State University Press|location=Yerevan|language=hy|year=2007|page=133}}</ref> In 331 BC, when Armenia under the ] asserted its independence from the ], Armavir was chosen as the capital of Armenia. Slabs of clay have been found from the Achaemenid period written in the ] concerning episodes of the ] epic. Various inscriptions in ] carved around the third century BC, have been found, including poetry from ], lines from ], a list of ] months, and names of Orontid Kings.<ref> - in English translation at ''attalus.org''.</ref> | |||
| According to the 5th-century Armenian historian ], Armavir was the first capital of the kingdom of Armenia (although, from a geographical standpoint, the first capital of Armenia was ]).<ref>{{fr icon}} Tirac'yan, Georg. "." Translated from Armenian by Aida Tcharkhtchian and edited by ]. '']''. vol. 27, 1998-2000, p. 137.</ref> Movses has preserved the tradition that when King ] the Parthian settled in Armavir (ca. 149 BC), he built a temple there and asked prince ''aspet'' (knight) '''Smbat''' of the ] to give up his religion and worship idols.<ref>{{hy icon}} Movses Khorenatsi. '']'' (''Հայոց Պատմություն, Ե Դար''). Annotated translation and commentary by ]. ] (ed.) Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1997, 2.8, pp. 128-129. {{ISBN|5-540-01192-9}}.</ref> But Smbat refused to comply. Movses also relates that when King ] (whom he places on the throne from 90-36 BC), in order to take revenge on Queen ], sent an expedition to Palestine, he carried a great number of ] into captivity, and settled them in Armavir and in Vardges.<ref>Movses Khorenatsi. ''History of Armenia'', 2.16, p. 136. Note that modern historians are not convinced that Tigranes II was still alive when Cleopatra became queen of Egypt.</ref> Movses goes on to state that later Jews were transferred from Armavir to ]; and under King ], were again transferred into the new capital ].<ref>Movses Khorenatsi. ''History of Armenia'', 2.49, p. 164.</ref> When King ] of ] invaded Armenia (360-370), he led away from Artashat 30,000 Armenian and 9,000 Jewish families, the latter brought by King Tigranes from ], and then completely destroyed the city.<ref>], vol. 1, pp. 116-17.</ref> | |||
| During Antiquity, Armavir was taken by the ], ], ], ] and ] before it was taken over by the Arabs in 645. | |||
| ===Medieval Armavir=== | |||
| Arabic sovereignty lasted until the first quarter of the ninth century. The ] managed this region in the 9th century. After that, the Georgian ] managed this region. The Byzantine Empire reconquered this region in 1045 but this region passed to ] in 1064, who renamed the city Sardarabad. This region was passed among ] and ], ] and ] after Seljuk's decline. ] captured this region in 1239 and founded ] state in 1256. This region was passed to ] in 1353, ] in 1357 and ] in 1388. ] captured this region in 1400. ] retook this region in 1407 from ]. However ] who was a Timurid ruler captured this region in 1421 and in 1429. ] who was a Kara Koyunlu ruler captured it in 1447. | |||
| ===Ottoman-Persian rule=== | |||
| Kara Koyunlu's sovereignty lasted until ], ruler of ], conquered it in 1468. Ak Koyunlu's sovereignty lasted until 1501, ]'s conquest. Ismail I was founder of ]. This region was temporarily occupied by ] in 1514, in 1534, in 1548 and in 1553. It was then conquered by Ottoman Empire in 1585 but retaken by the Safavid ruler ] in 1603. Under the rule of Abbas I, the Armenians of Armavir were resettled in Persia and ancient Armavir was finally abandoned. | |||
| The settlement remained abandoned until 1613, when 7 Armenian families rebuilt a new village just 1 km east of the ancient site of Armavir. | |||
| It was occupied by Ottomans between 1635–1636 and 1724–1736. At the fall of the ], Armavir became part of the ]. | |||
| ===Russian rule=== | |||
| The ] began due to Persian demand to reconquer the territories lost to Russia between 1804 and 1813. At first, the Persians repulsed the Russians from the ] in 1826. However, Russian general and commander of the Russian army, ], reconquered South Caucasus and extended its territories to include the Erivan Khanate in 1827. | |||
| This region formally passed from ] to ] sovereignty after the ] in 1828. Armavir became the Sardarabad ] of the ], which itself became the ] ] in 1840. This situation lasted until the ] in 1917. | |||
| ===1917 revolutions and Armenian-Ottoman War=== | |||
| After the February Revolution, the region was under the authority of Special Transcaucasian Committee of the ] and subsequently the short-lived ]. When the TDFR was dissolved in May 1918, this region passed to ], having a conspicuous role in Armenian history due to ]. There, the Armenian forces staved off extermination and repulsed the ] whose ] was aimed at occupying ]. | |||
| However, the Ottomans did occupy most of the ], forcing the Armenians to sign the ] in June 1918. The Ottoman Army retreated after signing ] at the end of 1918 and so Armavir returned to Democratic Republic of Armenia in November 1918. | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| {{Historic capitals of Armenia}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 09:25, 26 September 2017
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