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Hyde
Hyde with Vamps in New York City, 2010
Background information
Birth name	Hideto Takarai (寶井 秀人)
Also known as	HYDE P'UNK HYDE HYDE DARK hyde HIDE
Born	(1969-01-29) January 29, 1969 (age 55) Wakayama, Japan
Origin	Osaka, Japan
Genres	Alternative rock hard rock pop rock
Occupations	Musician singer-songwriter record producer actor
Instruments	Vocals guitar keyboards saxophone harmonica
Years active	1988–present
Labels	Ki/oon/Haunted Gan-Shin(EU) Tofu(US)

Hideto Takarai (寶井 秀人, Takarai Hideto, born January 29, 1969 in Wakayama, Japan), known exclusively by his stage name Hyde, is a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter, producer, and actor. He is best known as the lead vocalist for the rock band L'Arc-en-Ciel, as well as for Vamps. As a member of L'Arc-en-Ciel, his stage name is stylized as hyde, while as a solo artist and a member of Vamps it is stylized as HYDE.

He joined L'Arc-en-Ciel in 1991 after leaving the band Jerusalem's Rod for which he was the guitarist. In addition to being the lead singer and main lyricist of L'Arc-en-Ciel, Hyde has released 4 solo albums and 8 singles. In 2008 he formed Vamps with K.A.Z, and started his own independent record label called Vamprose.

Career

2000–2003: Solo projects

After L'Arc-en-Ciel released the single, "Spirit Dreams Inside -Another Dream-" in 2001, the band went on an unofficial hiatus as each of the members began work on solo careers. This was Hyde's debut as a solo artist. In October 2001, Hyde released his first solo single, "Evergreen". After two more singles, "Angel's Tale" and "Shallow Sleep", Hyde released his first solo album, Roentgen, on March 27, 2002. An overseas edition featuring English lyrics was released in July the same year.

Hyde's next two singles, "Hello" and "Horizon", were released June and November 2003 respectively, and second solo album, 666, was released on December 3, 2003. "Horizon" was used as the ending theme in Ryuhei Kitamura's film Sky High.

In 2003, Hyde starred alongside Gackt in the film Moon Child. In a duet as part of the project, Hyde and Gackt sang "Orenji no Taiyou", and when sang live, Hyde could not be there because he was on tour. The song was also released on Gackt's fourth full-length album, Crescent. In December 2003, Hyde's song "Shining Over You" from his 666 album was used as the commercial song for the video game, Baten Kaitos: Eternal Wings and the Lost Ocean.

2003–2004: L'Arc-en-Ciel returns

After a three-year hiatus, L'Arc-en-Ciel regrouped for a series of seven concerts titled "Shibuya Seven Days" in June and July 2003. At the conclusion, they announced a new album, Smile, which was released in March 2004.

In the summer of 2004, L'Arc-en-Ciel had their North American debut (as part of their "Smile" tour) in Baltimore, Maryland at Otakon, the performance was later released on the Live in USA DVD.

Also in 2004, Hyde took on the role of the guitarist Adam in the movie Kagen no Tsuki ("Last Quarter"), a movie based on the manga by Ai Yazawa. The movie's theme song, "The Cape of Storms", came from Roentgen.

2005: Return to solo work

L'Arc-en-Ciel's next album, Awake, was released in June 2005. It was accompanied by the "Awake" tour in August the same year. A second, larger tour titled "Asia Live 2005" was held shortly thereafter. The single "Link" was released in July 2005. It was then used as the opening theme for the anime movie Fullmetal Alchemist the Movie: Conqueror of Shamballa.

In the summer of 2005, Hyde composed the music for the song "Glamorous Sky". The song was used in the movie Nana, another film based on a manga by Ai Yazawa. The song was sung by fellow artist Mika Nakashima and the lyrics were written by Yazawa. In August, Hyde and his solo band performed the song on Music Station with Nakashima, Hyde being on guitar.

The single "Countdown" was released on October 5, 2005, with a track list including Japanese and English versions of the song made for the Japanese release of the movie Stealth and also a special rock version of "Evergreen" (originally from Roentgen).

A cover of "Countdown" was used as the "semifinal" stage in the Nintendo DS rhythm game Moero! Nekketsu Rhythm Damashii Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan 2.

Later that month, Hyde hosted "Halloween of the Living Dead", a three-night event held at Club Citta on October 29, 30 and 31. Each night featured performances by Hyde himself, a guest artist/band and Jack-O-Lantern. Artists/bands who took part in the Halloween performances are Monoral, Uverworld, Olivia Lufkin, High and Mighty Color, Yasu (Janne Da Arc) and Mika Nakashima. The group Jack-O-Lantern consisted of Hyde and the group Monoral playing many Halloween favorites such as the Ghostbusters theme.

2006–2007: International career

Starting in January 2006, Hyde's single "Season's Call" was used as the second opening theme to the anime Blood+. This single was released on February 2, 2006. Hyde's album Faith was released on April 26, 2006. Faith was accompanied by a five-month tour with many locations in Japan, some exclusively open to members of his fan-club.

After signing on with Tofu Records as a solo artist, a US debut concert was scheduled as part of the Faith tour, which was held at Slim's in San Francisco, California on July 5, 2006. Tickets for the event went on sale online at 1 p.m. EST on April 2, 2006 and sold out in three minutes. A second concert, held at the House of Blues in Anaheim, California, on July 2 was added and tickets were sold out, as were two more US concerts (the Fillmore, San Francisco and House of Blues, Hollywood).

The overseas version of Faith was released on June 27, 2006 and included a bonus DVD featuring music videos for both "Countdown" and "Season's Call". Hyde also made a brief appearance at the Tofu Records booth at Anime Expo 2006 in Los Angeles, California on July 1 for a question and answer panel. Following the completion of the "Faith" tour, a DVD of the concerts was announced and was released November 8, 2006.

Hyde returned to work with L'Arc-en-Ciel, which on May 31, 2007 released their first single in two years, "Seventh Heaven".

2008–2013: Vamps

In the spring of 2008, Hyde rejoined guitarist K.A.Z (Oblivion Dust), who had previously worked with him on 666 and Faith, to form the hard rock unit Vamps on Hyde's own record label Vamprose. The two released "Love Addict" their first single and began a 46-date tour, playing mostly songs from Hyde's solo albums.

Following two more single releases, their self-titled debut album, Vamps, dropped in May 2009. The album covers a range of rock territory, from metal to grunge to punk.

The band launched a ten-date tour in the United States, performing in New York, Hartford, Columbia, Baltimore, Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, Las Vegas, San Diego, and Los Angeles. Their appearances in Hartford and Columbia were part of the "Vans Warped Tour", making them the only Japanese act on the lineup. Their final performance in the States, taking place at the historic Wiltern Theatre in L.A., was recorded and released on DVD. The band performed on board the battleship USS Missouri in Hawaii in early September as an additional conclusion to the tour.

After the band's successful live tour in the U.S.A. they have now been awarded in the category "Billboard Japan Ranking International 2009" in recognition of their success overseas and in appreciation for their efforts to go on a world tour in 2010. The award had been handed over on January 31 at the first "Billboard Japan Music Award".

On July 28, 2010, Vamps released their second album, Beast. Hyde also had his first voice acting job, playing the producer of musician Koogy, who is voiced by Showtaro Morikubo, in the Bakuman anime. Vamps wrote a Japanese version of their song "Get Up" to be sung by Shotaro and used in the anime. They then recorded it themselves for their single "Memories".

On December 26, 2011, Hyde announced on his official website that The Hyde, a biographical book published by Sony Magazines, would be released on January 29, 2012. The book revealed his legal name to the public for the first time.

2011–present: L'Arc~en~Ciel world tour

To celebrate their 20 years together, L'Arc-en-Ciel put on a "20th L'Anniversary Concert" at Ajinomoto Stadium in Tokyo on May 28–29, 2011, with each day dedicated to one half of their career. All of the proceeds from the concerts were donated to the Great East Japan earthquake relief efforts. Later, the dates for the band's 2012 world tour were announced: Hong Kong on March 3, Bangkok on March 7, Shanghai on March 10, Taipei on March 17, New York on March 25, London on April 11, Paris on April 14, Singapore on April 29, Jakarta on May 2 The New York show was at Madison Square Garden, making L'Arc-en-Ciel the first Japanese band to headline the legendary venue.

For 2017's D'erlanger Tribute Album ~Stairway to Heaven~, he covered "La Vie En Rose" featuring D'erlanger's own Cipher, Seela and Tetsu.

Discography

Albums

Singles

DVDs

• Roentgen Stories (2004)
• Faith Live (2006)

Filmography

• Moon Child as Kei (2003)
• Kagen no Tsuki as Adam (2004)
• Bakuman voice of Hyde (2011)

References

1. ^ Takarai, Hideto (January 29, 2012). The Hyde (in Japanese). Sony Magazines.
2. "VAMPS Concert on the USS Missouri". runaroundnetwork.com. 2009-09-18. Archived from the original on 2011-11-29. Retrieved 2012-02-19. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
3. "A Special Reward for Vamps at the ‚Billboard Japan Music Award'!". musicjapanplus.jp. 2010-02-04. Retrieved 2010-02-08.
4. HYDE takes to voice acting for “Bakuman” Retrieved on June 15, 2011
5. "L'Arc-en-Ciel's Hyde to Reveal Real Name, Birthplace". Anime News Network. 2011-12-16. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
6. "L'Arc~en~Ciel announces their world tour". Tokyohive. 2011-10-17. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
7. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1681730/larc-en-ciel-madison-square-garden.jhtml
8. "【特集】D'ERLANGER TRIBUTE ALBUMの音楽まとめ". barks.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2017-10-01.

External links

• Official website
• Haunted Records official website
• Vamprose official website

er outage that halted parts of the Cairo Metro, took television stations off the air, and ground much of the country to a halt for several hours because of the sudden loss of 50 percent of the country's power generation. Sisi, on his part, said that the idler would be held accountable and promised to partially solve the economic crisis by August 2015, and that, beginning with December that year, the crisis will be dealt with entirely. Both long-term and short-term plans were introduced. In the short-term, Egypt signed a contract with General Electric (GE) to provide the country with 2.6 gigawatts by the summer of 2015. The first phase entered service in June and the final phase was expected to be completed by the end of August, making it one of the fastest energy transferring operations in the world according to GE. In June, Sisi's administration stated that for the first time in years, Egypt achieved a surplus in power generating capacity estimated at 2.9 gigawatts. In the long-term, Egypt paid more than $6 billion it owed to foreign oil companies between January and March. Energy contracts were placed as a top priority in the Egypt Economic Development Conference in March 2015, resulting in a $9 billion contract with Siemens to supply gas and wind power plants to boost the country's electricity generation by 50 percent, in addition to an energy deal worth $12 billion (LE91.5 billion) with BP to provide the country with an extra quarter of local energy production. Sisi also stated that Egypt is not just solving its energy crisis, but rather seeking to become a "global hub for energy trading."

National projects

In August 2014, President Sisi initiated a new Suez Canal which would double capacity of the existing canal from 49 to 97 ships a day. The new canal is expected to increase the Suez Canal's revenues by 259% from current annual revenues of $5 billion. The project cost around 60 billion Egyptian-pounds ($8.4 billion) and was fast-tracked over a year. Sisi insisted funding come from Egyptian sources only. The new canal was inaugurated on schedule on 6 August 2015.

Sisi also introduced the Suez Canal Area Development Project which would involve development of five new seaports in the three provinces surrounding the canal, a new industrial zone west of the Gulf of Suez, economic zones around the waterway, seven new tunnels between Sinai and the Egyptian home land, building a new Ismailia city, huge fish farms, and a technology valley within Ismailia.

Sisi also started the National Roads Project, which involves building a road network of more than 4,400 kilometres and uses 104 acres of land, promising that there are many development and reconstruction campaigns for Egypt to reduce the unemployment rate and increase the poor's income.

An ambitious plan to build a new city near Cairo to serve as the country's new capital was announced during the Egypt Economic Development Conference. Located east of Cairo approximately midway between Cairo and Suez, this proposed new capital of Egypt is yet to be formally named and is intended to relieve population pressures from the greater Cairo area.

President Sisi has set a national goal of eliminating all unsafe slums in two years. The first stage of the project was inaugurated on 30 May 2016 containing 11,000 housing units built at a cost of 1.56 billion EGP (177.8 Million USD). Funding was provided by the "Long Live Egypt" economic development fund in collaboration with civilian charitable organizations. The ultimate goal is the construction of 850,000 housing units with additional stages in processes funded in the same manner.

Opinion polls

In August 2014, Egypt's Baseera, the Centre for Public Opinion Research, said in a poll result that only eight percent of the sample were unhappy with El-Sisi's performance and ten percent of the sample said they could not identify their position. The poll showed that 78 percent of the sample said they would vote for Sisi should the presidential elections be held again the next day while 11 percent said they would not. Eighty-nine percent said that there was improvement in the security situation after Sisi's taking office. Seventy-three percent said that fuel has become regularly available since Sisi's election. Meanwhile, 35 percent of respondents believed price controls had improved, while 32 percent believed that they have become worse. Twenty-nine percent of the respondents did not see any change, and three percent were undecided.

An April 2016 poll by Baseera after 22 months in office, indicated that Sisi garnered 79% approval rating while 8% were undecided and 13% disapprove of the president's performance. These numbers indicate a moderate drop from the last poll done in 2014.

Foreign policy

Africa

El-Sisi made an African tour, his first foreign visit since taking office a short visit to Algeria, seeking support to counter Islamist militancy in North Africa. Shortly before Sisi arrived in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea to participate in the 23rd ordinary session of the African Union summit where he gave his speech blaming the AU for freezing Egypt's membership a year before. El-Sisi also announced the establishment of an Egyptian partnership agency for Africa's development. He also concluded the tour with a few hours' visit to Sudan.

Israel and Palestine

Relations with Israel have improved significantly following Mohamed Morsi's removal, with Sisi saying he talks to Israel's prime minister, Binyamin Netanyahu, "a lot." Sisi has been described by The Economist as "the most pro-Israeli Egyptian leader ever." With continuous support for Palestine, the Sisi administration supports the two-state solution establishing a Palestinian state on lands that were occupied in 1967 with Eastern Jerusalem as its capital for the Israeli–Palestinian conflict achieving the Palestinians needs and granting Israel the security it wants. The first months of Sisi's presidency witnessed the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict. Egypt also criticised the IDF operation in the Gaza Strip as "oppressive policies of mass punishment rejecting 'the irresponsible Israeli escalation' in the occupied Palestinian territory, which comes in the form of 'excessive' and unnecessary use of military force leading to the death of innocent civilians." It also demanded Israel adopt self-restraint and to keep in mind that being an "occupation force", it has a legal and moral duty to protect civilian lives.

After Egypt proposed an initiative for a ceasefire later accepted by Israel and rejected by Hamas, the Sisi administration urged the world to intervene and stop the crisis when it stated that its ceasefire efforts have been met with "obstinacy and stubbornness". Egypt also hosted several meetings with both Israeli and Palestinian officials in Cairo to mediate a ceasefire. President Sisi also ordered the Egyptian Armed Forces to transport 500 tons of aid, consisting of food and medical supplies, to Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. A statement was also released by the military saying that Egypt is pursuing its efforts to "stop the Israeli aggression on the Gaza Strip" under the president's supervision. The conflict ended with an Egyptian-brokered ceasefire on 26 August, 2014.

Egypt also hosted the international donor conference in Cairo aiming to raise 4 billion (3.2 billion euros) to reconstruct the Gaza Strip. Sisi described the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict as a great chance to end the 66-year-old conflict calling on Israel to reach a peace deal with the Palestinians and saying "I call on the Israeli people and the government: now is the time to end the conflict ... so that prosperity prevails, so that we all can have peace and security". Sisi mainly blames the Israeli–Palestinian conflict for the extremism in the Middle East describing it as a "fertile environment for the growth and spread of extremism, violence and terrorism". Sisi also promised that Egypt would guarantee Palestine would not violate the peace treaty when reached expressing Egypt's willingness to deploy Egyptian observer forces in the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Sisi also stipulated that the Palestinian Authority would take power in the Gaza Strip in future peace plans and conditioned an easing of transit restrictions at the Rafah checkpoint on the presence of a force from the Palestinian Authority's Presidential Guard being stationed on the Gaza side of the crossing as the Sisi administration considers Hamas an enemy, blaming them for the killing of 16 Egyptian soldiers in 2012 and over the alleged involvement in the prisons' storming in the wake of Egyptian Revolution of 2011.

Turkey

Relations between Egypt and Turkey deteriorated significantly after Morsi's ouster. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, then Prime Minister, was the only leader to call Morsi's ouster as a coup, calling for the immediate release of Morsi and insisting he is the legitimate president of Egypt. Turkish Minister for European Affairs Egemen Bagis also called for the UN Security Council to "take action" in Egypt. Erdoğan was said not to recognise Sisi as president of Egypt and called him an "illegitimate tyrant" in response to the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict and alleged Egyptian support for Israel in its war against Hamas. In response to Erdoğan's remarks, the Egyptian Foreign Ministry warned that the Egypt–Turkey relationship would be worsened while Sisi refused to respond. Egypt's foreign ministry accused Erdogan of provocation and interfering in Egypt's internal affairs. In November 2013, Egypt told the Turkish ambassador to leave the country, a day after Erdoğan called for Morsi to be freed. Relations with Ankara was also lowered to chargé d'affaires. The Egyptian foreign ministry also said that Egypt has cancelled joint naval drils with Turkey over Turkey's interference in Egypt's domestic affairs. In September 2014, Egypt's foreign minister cancelled a meeting with now-President Erdoğan requested by Turkey after Erdoğan made a speech critical of Egypt in the UN General Assembly. An advisor to the Turkish president has denied that the countries' leaders were planning to meet. However, later Egypt's foreign ministry handed out a scanned document of Turkey's meeting proposal to the media and was published by Egypt's Youm7 newspaper. Sisi's administration also decided to cancel the "Roll-on/roll-off" agreement with Turkey, blocking Turkey from transporting Turkish containers to the Gulf via Egyptian ports. An intense campaign started by Egypt and Saudi Arabia against Turkey made it lose its predicted easy victory of membership in the United Nations Security Council.

Arab world

This section needs expansion. You can help by making an edit requestadding to it . (September 2015)

Al Jazeera reported in June 2014: "Saudi Arabia, the world's top oil exporter, and its wealthy Gulf Arab partners Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates have given more than $20 billion to help Egypt since Morsi's overthrow, Sisi said last month, and are likely to pledge more." In 2015, Egypt participated in the Saudi Arabian-led military intervention in Yemen.

In April 2016 King Salman of Saudi Arabia made a five-day visit to Egypt, during which the two countries signed economic agreements worth approximately $25 billion and also made an agreement to "return" Tiran and Sanafir, two Egyptian-administered islands in the Gulf of Aqaba, to Saudi control. The announcement of the transfer of the islands provoked a backlash in both social media and traditional media, including outlets which had been firmly pro-Sisi.

In November 2016, Sisi admitted that he supported the presidency of Bashar al-Assad in Syria for the sake of stability. In a February 2017 article in Foreign Affairs, Oren Kessler, the Deputy Director for Research at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, suggests there are three reasons for Sisi's pro-Assad position: Egypt's common enemies with Syria (ISIS and the Muslim Brotherhood) as opposed to Saudi Arabia's antagonism with Iran; Egypt and Syria's shared opposition to the policies of Erdogan in Turkey; and Egypt's growing relations with Russia, a close ally of Syria. Kessler concludes that the sentiment of "revolution fatigue" amplifies Sisi's support for Assad.

Russia

Both military and political relations between Egypt and Russia witnessed significant improvements after Morsi's overthrow coinciding with the deterioration in relations between the United States and Egypt, once considered its important ally in the Middle East. Unlike the US, Russia supported Sisi's actions from the start, including his presidential bid. Russia reportedly offered Egypt a huge military weapons deal after the US had suspended some military aid and postponed weapons delivery to Egypt. The Russian President Vladimir Putin was the first to congratulate Sisi on his inauguration. Sisi made Russia his first destination abroad as defence minister after being promoted to the rank of Field Marshal where he met with the Russian President Vladimir Putin and the Russian Minister of Defence General Sergey Shoygu to negotiate an arms deal with Russia instead of the United States.

Sisi also visited Russia as an Egyptian President at the invitation of Russian President Vladimir Putin. The visit was described by Putin as reflective of "the special nature" of the relation between the two countries. Sisi was welcomed by General Sergey Shoygu who showed him different Russian-made military vehicles and weapons in the airport. Moscow's Vedemosti business daily reported that Russia and Egypt are nearing a $3 billion (2.2 billion euro) weapons agreement. President Putin also accompanied him to visit the Russian cruiser Moskva before they gave a joint televised statement. Sisi announced in his statement that there was a new plan of "renewing and developing" giant projects established by the former Soviet Union. President Putin announced that an agreement has been reached to increase Egypt's supply of agricultural goods to Russia by 30 percent while his country will provide Egypt with 5 to 5.5 million tons of wheat. In addition, a free trade zone was also being discussed.

United States

Relations between Egypt and the United States witnessed tensions after Morsi's overthrow. The United States strongly condemned Sisi's administration on several occasions before deciding to delay selling four F-16 fighter jets, Apaches and Abrams' kits to Egypt. The US also cancelled the Bright Star joint military exercise with the Egyptian Armed Forces. Sisi's administration also showed unusual actions dealing with the US, calling on Obama's administration to exercise restraint in dealing with "racially charged" unrest in Ferguson, echoing language the US used to caution Egypt previously as it cracked down on Islamist protesters.

They also checked US Secretary of State John Kerry and his top aides through a stationary metal detector as well as with a handheld wand before meeting with el-Sisi in an unusual screening for a senior State Department official. Sisi also skipped Obama's invitation to the American-African summit. However, in a 2014 news story, BBC reported: "The US has revealed it has released $575m (£338m) in military aid to Egypt that had been frozen since the ousting of President Mohammed Morsi last year." In September 2014 Sisi visited the US to address the UN General assembly in New York. An extensive media campaign produced billboards which were distributed all over New York City, welcoming the Egyptian president. In August 2015, Secretary of State John Kerry was in Cairo for a "U.S.-Egypt strategic dialogue".

Following the election of Republican Donald Trump as the President of the United States, the two countries are looking to improve the Egyptian-American relations. al-Sisi and Trump had met during the opening of the seventy-first session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 2016. The absence of Egypt in President Trump's travel ban towards seven Muslim countries was noted in Washington although the Congress has voiced human rights concerns over the handling of dissidents. On March 22, 2017 it was reported that al-Sisi would be traveling to Washington to meet with Trump on April 3, 2017.

Personal life

Unlike Hosni Mubarak, el-Sisi has been protective of the privacy of his family. He is married to Entissar Amer and is the father of three sons and one daughter. One of his sons is married to the daughter of former Egyptian army chief Mahmoud Hegazy. He comes from a religious family and frequently quotes Quranic verses during informal conversations; El-Sisi's wife wears the Islamic Hijab. He is known to be quiet and is often called the Quiet General. Even as a young man he was often called "General Sisi" due to his perceived orderly demeanor.

According to Sherifa Zuhur, a professor at the War College, when el-Sisi attended, many American officers expressed doubts that Muslims could be democratic. El-Sisi disputed this opinion; he and others were critical of decisions made in Iraq and Libya. Zuhur also had the impression that el-Sisi supported a gradual move towards pluralism.

Recognition

Military

• 25 April Decoration (Liberation of Sinai)
• Distinguished Service Decoration
• Military Duty Decoration, Second Class
• Military Duty Decoration, First Class
• Longevity and Exemplary Medal
• Kuwait Liberation Medal
• Kuwait Liberation Medal (Egypt)
• Silver Jubilee of October War Medal
• Golden Jubilee of 23 July Revolution
• Silver Jubilee of the Liberation of Sinai Medal
• 25 January Revolution Medal
• Military Courage Decoration
• The Republic's military Decoration
• The Training's Decoration
• The Army's Day Decoration

Civil

• Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud
• Order of Mubarak the Great
• Medal of Arab tourism
• Honorary PhD from National University of Public Service

Publications

Written by Sisi when he was a Brigardier General:

• "Democracy in the Middle East" (Archive). U.S. Army War College (USAWC) Strategy Research Project. Advised by Colonel Stephen J. Gerras. - Obtained through the U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) by Judicial Watch

See also

• Abd al-Halim Abu Ghazala
• Gamal Abdel Nasser
• Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)

References

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Further reading

• Hessler, Peter (January 2, 2017). "The shadow general : President Sisi has unwittingly revealed more about the way Egypt now works than anyone could have imagined". Letter from Cairo. The New Yorker. 92 (43): 44–55. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |1= and |authormask= (help) Online version is titled "Egypt’s Failed Revolution".

External links

• Egyptian State Information Service CV
• Egyptian Armed Forces Commander-in-chief CV
• El-Sisi is the new commander-in-chief of the Egyptian armed forces
• Sisi's first televised intreview on YouTube Template:Ar icon
• On the future First Lady

v t e Presidents of Egypt (list)
	Mohamed Naguib Gamal Abdel Nasser Anwar Sadat Sufi Abu Taleb Hosni Mubarak Muhammad Tantawi Mohamed Morsi Adly Mansour Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Italic: acting or interim president

v t e Commanders of the Egyptian Armed Forces since the Egyptian Revolution of 1952
Ministers of defense & commanders-in-chief	Mohamed Naguib (1952–53) Abdel Latif Boghdadi (1953–54) Abdel Hakim Amer (1954) Hussein el-Shafei (1954) Abdel Hakim Amer (1954–62) Abdel Wahab el-Beshry (1962–66) Shams Badran (1966–67) Abdel Wahab el-Beshry (1967) Amin Howeidi (1967–68) Mohamed Fawzi (1968–71) Mohammed Ahmed Sadek (1971–72) Ahmad Ismail Ali (1972–74) Mohamed Abdel Ghani el-Gamasy (1974–78) Kamal Hassan Ali (1978–80) Ahmed Badawi (1980–81) Abd Al-Halim Abu-Ghazala (1981–89) Youssef Sabri Abu Taleb (1989–91) Muhammad Hussein Tantawy (1991–2012) Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (2012–14) Sedki Sobhy (2014–18) Mohamed Ahmed Zaki (2018–24) Abdel Mageed Saqr (2024–present)
Chiefs of staff of the Armed Forces	Mohamed Ibrahim Selim (1952–59) Abdel Hakim Amer (1959–64) Mohamed Fawzi (1964–67) Abdul Munim Riad (1967–69) Ahmad Ismail Ali (1969) Mohammed Ahmed Sadek (1969–71) Saad el-Shazly (1971–73) Mohamed Abdel Ghani el-Gamasy (1973–74) Mohammed Aly Fahmy (1974–78) Ahmed Badawi (1978–80) Abd Al-Halim Abu-Ghazala (1980–81) Abd Rab el-Nabi (1981–83) Ibrahim El-Orabi (1983–87) Safi al-Din Abu Shnaaf (1987–91) Salah Halabi (1991–95) Magdy Hatata (1995–2001) Hamdy Wahiba (2001–05) Sami Hafez Anan (2005–12) Sedki Sobhy (2012–14) Mahmoud Hegazy (2014–17) Mohammed Farid Hegazy (2017–21) Osama Askar (2021–24) Ahmed Fathy Khalifa (2024–present)
Italics indicate interim officeholder

v t e Leaders of Arab League member states
Algeria Abdelmadjid Tebboune Nadir Larbaoui  Bahrain Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Salman  Comoros Azali Assoumani  Djibouti Ismaïl Omar Guelleh Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed  Egypt Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Moustafa Madbouly  Iraq Abdul Latif Rashid Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani  Jordan Abdullah II Jafar Hassan  Kuwait Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah  Lebanon Joseph Aoun Najib Mikati  Libya Mohamed al-Menfi Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh  Mauritania Mohamed Ould Ghazouani Mokhtar Ould Djay  Morocco Mohammed VI Aziz Akhannouch  Oman Haitham bin Tariq  Palestine Mahmoud Abbas Mohammad Shtayyeh  Qatar Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani  Saudi Arabia Salman Mohammed bin Salman  Somalia Hassan Sheikh Mohamud Hamza Abdi Barre  Sudan Transitional Sovereignty Council* Osman Hussein*  Syria Mohammed al-Bashir  Tunisia Kais Saied Kamel Madouri  United Arab Emirates Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum  Yemen Rashad al-Alimi* Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak

Template:Leaders of the Next Eleven Economies

Warning: Default sort key "Sisi, Abdel Fattah" overrides earlier default sort key "Hyde".

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