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'''Pashupatinath Temple at Mandsaur''', also referred to as the '''Mandasor Shiva temple''', is a ] dedicated to Shiva in ], ] India. It is a ] tradition temple within ] located on Shivna River, and is known for its eight faced Shiva Linga. The temple and its sculpture is dated to the 5th or 6th century based on inscriptions, with some referring to the site as Dasapura. It is near the ] border, about {{convert|200|km}} from ], about {{convert|340|km}} west of Udaigiri Caves and about {{convert|220|km}} east of Shamalaji ancient sites, both a significant source of Gupta Empire era archaeological discoveries.<ref name="Collins1988p97"/> |
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'''Pashupatinath Temple at Mandsaur''', also referred to as the '''Mandasor Shiva temple''', is a ] dedicated to Shiva in ], ] India. It is a ] tradition temple within ] located on Shivna River, and is known for its eight faced Shiva Linga. The temple sculpture is dated to the 5th or 6th century based on inscriptions, with some referring to the site as Dasapura. It is near the ] border in the historic region of Malwa, about {{convert|200|km}} from ], about {{convert|340|km}} west of Udaigiri Caves and about {{convert|220|km}} east of Shamalaji ancient sites, both a significant source of Gupta Empire era archaeological discoveries.<ref name="Collins1988p97"/><ref name="Schastok1985p43">{{cite book|author=Sara L. Schastok|title=The Śāmalājī Sculptures and 6th Century Art in Western India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jh1fF8HvJmMC&pg=PA43|year=1985|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-06941-0|pages=43–52}}</ref> The site has been important to dating and the architectural studies of some distant sites such as the ].<ref name="Schastok1985p43"/> |
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The site's history is traceable to the 2nd-century CE when it was already a Hindu pilgrimage site.<ref name=williamsp55/> It is mentioned by the ancient Indian poet ], who praises the women of Dasapura as "so practiced in their seductive movements". Ten inscriptions found in the area suggest the Mandasor site was an important cultural and religious center in the first half of the 1st millennium CE.<ref name=williamsp55/> Nine of these inscriptions are Sanskrit poems, most dated between 404 and 487 CE, and all include invocations to Hindu gods such as Vasudeva and Shiva in various forms. They mention kings of Gupta Empire era, as well as temples of Dasapura.<ref name=williamsp55>Joanna Williams (1973), , Archives of Asian Art, Vol. 26 (1972/1973), Duke University Press, pp. 50-66</ref> |
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The site's history is traceable to the 2nd-century CE when it was already a Hindu pilgrimage site.<ref name=williamsp55/> It is mentioned by the ancient Indian poet ], who praises the women of Dasapura as "so practiced in their seductive movements". Ten inscriptions found in the area suggest the Mandasor site was an important cultural and religious center in the first half of the 1st millennium CE.<ref name=williamsp55/> Nine of these inscriptions are Sanskrit poems, most dated between 404 and 487 CE, and all include invocations to Hindu gods such as Vasudeva and Shiva in various forms. They mention kings of Gupta Empire era, as well as temples of Dasapura.<ref name=williamsp55>Joanna Williams (1973), , Archives of Asian Art, Vol. 26 (1972/1973), Duke University Press, pp. 50-66</ref> Together with dozens of temples discovered at a number of sites in western Madhya Pradesh, eastern Rajasthan and northern Gujarat region, the Mandasor site with the Shiva Stele and the temple reflect what Stella Kramrisch called one of the "Western schools" of ancient and early medieval Indian art.<ref name="Kramrisch1983p202">{{cite book|author=Stella Kramrisch|authorlink=Stella Kramrisch|title=Exploring India's Sacred Art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQN7O3hEzpQC&pg=PA202 |year =1983|publisher= Motilal Banarsidass |isbn= 978-0-8122-7856-9|pages =202–203}}</ref> James Harle concurs and includes the nearby Sondni and Kilchipura sites to the Western school along with regions farther west.<ref name="Harle1974p27">{{cite book|author=James C. Harle|title=Gupta sculpture: Indian sculpture of the fourth to the sixth centuries A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_m3qAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press (Reprinted by Munshiram Manoharlal from 1976 edition)|isbn=978-8121506410|pages=27–28}}</ref> According to Harle, the sculpture from the temple and other archaeological findings such as the Mandasor inscriptions – one of which he calls "the longest and certainly the most beautiful of the Gupta inscriptions – reflect the "flavor of life at its best in Gupta times".<ref name="Harle1974p3">{{cite book|author=James C. Harle|title=Gupta sculpture: Indian sculpture of the fourth to the sixth centuries A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_m3qAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press (Reprinted by Munshiram Manoharlal from 1976 edition)|isbn=978-8121506410|pages=3–4}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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==See also== |
The site's history is traceable to the 2nd-century CE when it was already a Hindu pilgrimage site. It is mentioned by the ancient Indian poet Kalidasa, who praises the women of Dasapura as "so practiced in their seductive movements". Ten inscriptions found in the area suggest the Mandasor site was an important cultural and religious center in the first half of the 1st millennium CE. Nine of these inscriptions are Sanskrit poems, most dated between 404 and 487 CE, and all include invocations to Hindu gods such as Vasudeva and Shiva in various forms. They mention kings of Gupta Empire era, as well as temples of Dasapura. Together with dozens of temples discovered at a number of sites in western Madhya Pradesh, eastern Rajasthan and northern Gujarat region, the Mandasor site with the Shiva Stele and the temple reflect what Stella Kramrisch called one of the "Western schools" of ancient and early medieval Indian art. James Harle concurs and includes the nearby Sondni and Kilchipura sites to the Western school along with regions farther west. According to Harle, the sculpture from the temple and other archaeological findings such as the Mandasor inscriptions – one of which he calls "the longest and certainly the most beautiful of the Gupta inscriptions – reflect the "flavor of life at its best in Gupta times".
Eight faced Mandasor Shiva Linga
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Media related to Sas Bahu Temple, Gwalior at Wikimedia Commons
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