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Ujjain Ujain, Ujjayini, Avanti, Avantika, Avantikapuri
City
Ujjain City on the banks of Kshipra River
Nickname: The City of Temples
UjjainLocation in IndiaShow map of IndiaUjjainUjjain (Madhya Pradesh)Show map of Madhya Pradesh
Coordinates: 23°10′N 75°47′E / 23.17°N 75.79°E / 23.17; 75.79
Country	India
State	Madhya Pradesh
Region	Malwa
District	Ujjain
Government
• Body	Ujjain Municipal Corporation
• Mayor	Meena Jonwal (BJP)
• Municipal Commissioner	Devendra Nigam
Area
• Total	157 km (61 sq mi)
Population
• Total	515,215
• Density	3,300/km (8,500/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Hindi
• Other	Malvi
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	456001 to 456010
Telephone code	0734
Vehicle registration	MP-13
Climate	Cfa (Köppen)
Precipitation	900 millimetres (35 in)
Avg. annual temperature	24.0 °C (75.2 °F)
Avg. summer temperature	31 °C (88 °F)
Avg. winter temperature	17 °C (63 °F)
Website	ujjain.nic.in

Ujjain (/uːˈdʒeɪn/; listen) is the largest city in Ujjain district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the fifth largest city in Madhya Pradesh by population and is the administrative centre of Ujjain district and Ujjain division.

An ancient city situated on the eastern bank of the Kshipra River, Ujjain was the most prominent city on the Malwa plateau of central India for much of its history. It emerged as the political centre of central India around 600 BCE. It was the capital of the ancient Avanti kingdom, one of the sixteen mahajanapadas. It remained an important political, commercial and cultural centre of central India until the early 19th century, when the British administrators decided to develop Indore as an alternative to it. Ujjain continues to be an important place of pilgrimage for Shaivites, Vaishnavites and followers of Shakta.

Ujjain has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.

History

Prehistoric era

Excavations at Kayatha (around 26 km from Ujjain) have revealed chalcolithic agricultural settlements dating to around 2000 BCE. Chalcolithic sites have also been discovered at other areas around Ujjain, including Nagda, but excavations at Ujjain itself have not revealed any chalcolithic settlements. Archaeologist H. D. Sankalia theorized that the chalcolithic settlements at Ujjain were probably destroyed by the Iron Age settlers.

According to Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund, Avanti, whose capital was Ujjain, "was one of the earliest outposts in central India" and showed signs of early incipient urbanisation around 700 BCE. Around 600 BCE, Ujjain emerged as the political, commercial and cultural centre of Malwa plateau.

The ancient walled city of Ujjain was located around the Garh Kalika hill on the bank of river Kshipra, in the present-day suburban areas of the Ujjain city. This city covered an irregular pentagonal area of 0.875 km. It was surrounded by a 12 m high mud rampart. The archaeological investigations have also indicated the presence of a 45 m wide and 6.6 m deep moat around the city. According to F. R. Allchin and George Erdosy, these city defences were constructed between 6th and 4th centuries BCE. Dieter Schlingloff believes that these were built before 600 BCE. This period is characterised by structures made of stone and burnt-brick, tools and weapons made of iron, and black and red burnished ware.

According to the Puranic texts, a branch of the legendary Haihaya dynasty ruled over Ujjain.

Ancient period

In the 4th century BCE, the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta annexed Avanti to his empire. The edicts of his grandson Ashoka mention four provinces of the Mauryan empire, of which Ujjain was the capital of the Western province. During the reign of his father Bindusara, Ashoka served as the viceroy of Ujjain, which highlights the importance of the town. As the viceroy of Ujjain, Ashoka married Devi, the daughter of a merchant from Vedisagiri (Vidisha). According to the Sinhalese Buddhist tradition, their children Mahendra and Sanghamitra, who preached Buddhism in modern Sri Lanka, were born in Ujjain.

It is a city referred to as one of seven mokshapuris. It is a city where Lord krishna alongside lord balarama learnt vedas.The city has been of prime importance to dramila tamil states of south. The cholas, cheras, pandyas and pallavas held political power.The city finds reference in sangam tamil works like purananuru, manimekalai, tolkappiyam etc.Its tamil name is oonjai and the temple mahakalanathar is sung by tamil nayanmar saints. Otta koothar who was a minister of chola emperor Raja raja II writes that during chola military expedition the enemy " a manifestation of complete wickedness of age of kali" had hidden in a forest 88 km long near oonjai(modern ujjain) and chola forces had burnt down the forest "Like lord rama king of raghavas had burnt down dandaka forest during treta yugam". It has been associated with cholas right from age of kritam, the first epochal age.The city of poompuhar is a very ancient one. Legends relate how great Muchukunda chola of solar race once led his troops to guard kingdom of lord indra namely amaravathi in battle against some powerful demons who were in possession of very destructive weapons. The king and his soldiers held guard without sleeping for 3600 years and as a matter of gratitute lord Indra king of devas ordered his chief engineer viswakarma to build the city on the same lines of amaravati. He also presented the king with sivalingam that he personally worshipped. The great Tamil work Silappathikaram says that in puhar ships creaked in with wealth from all 7 continents, that devas in guise of humans came and worshipped in its temples and that the nights were so bright that even a small grain of white lentil dropped in the beach sand could be spotted by naked eye.

The battalion of senguntar

The pious king Muchukunda chozhan who lived during the first epoch of krita had once at the request of Lord Indran taken up the job of guarding amaravathi as some very powerful demons with powerful weapons had attacked the kingdom. The king and his soldiers held guard without sleeping for 3600 years.As a gratitude for this help the king received many boons.Lord murugan gifted him with a battalion called senguntar and also blessed that he would impart them weapons and weapons training. It was with the help of this battalion that the king had once conquered the region of plaxa(current day mexico and north America). The battalion occurs in various inscriptions as custodians of saiva, skanda, and shaktha temples in Burma, Singapore, Vietnam , Indonesia, Malaya, Maldives etc. They also feature as guardians and men in charge of security at the ancient mahakalnathaswamy temple at Ujjain. The sthala puranam of subrahmanyeswara(murukan) temple at kancheepuram states that the festival of skanda sashti was first instituted by them in that temple. They were an important regiment and they occur till the very end of chola rule in 13th century.The following passages are excerpted from related documents.

The great ancient mahakalanathaswamy temple in ujjain came to be under trusteeship of senguntar. They appear in many insciptions right from early sangam times as guardians, upkeepers of perpetual lamps,managers of throughfares, establishers of vedic learning centres etc, hospitals and libraries. Even today many south indian families have as a matter of obligation light perpetual lamp and other worship services in the temple , a tradition that comes down from its inception in krita age.The great saint pattinathaar also vistited and sung ujjain. The senguntar also feature as pearl traders, merchants, military officials , teachers etc in and around the region and this is attested by epigraphy.

Ashtodase asya samara samupeyushi tvam Drushtva purotha yavanam yavana trikotyah Tvashtra vidhapya puramashu payodhimadye Tatratha yogabalatha svajananaishihi…………………………..(1)

When eighteenth attack led by an army of three crore yavanas, led by a yavana chief called kala was imminent thou(Lord Krishna) hadst a new city built by viswakarma in an Island in the sea, and thou didst transfer all the city residents into it by supernatural powers.

Padbhyam tvam padmali chakitha eva puronnirgatho dhavamano Mlecche senanuyatho vadha sukrutha vihinena saile nyalaishi Suptena angryahatena druta matha muchukundena bhasmeekrutesmin Bhooyayasmai guhante sulalitha vapusha tastithe bhakti bhaje…………………..(2) Thou, adorned with a lotus wreath, didst come out of the city on foot and simulate flight. When the yavana leader who was not destined todie at thy hand, came in hot pursuit, thou(Lord Krishna) dist disappear up a hill, where in a cave king muchukunda was asleep. Mistaking the king for thee,the yavana kicked him, only to be reduced to ashes by his terrible gaze. At this juncture thou didst manifest thy charming form of narayana(reclining lord Vishnu) to the devout king.

Aykshavkvoham virakthosmi nrupasukhe tvad padakamalakamshi Ha deveti stuvantam varavitatishu tam nispruham veekshya hrushyan Mukthe sthulyamcha bakthi dhuta sakalamalam mokshamapyashu datva Karyam himsavisudhyai tapa ithi cha tatha pratha loka prateetyai………………..(3)

I’m of royal dynasty of ikshvakus, o lord(Lord Krishna) said the devout king muchukundan, andI have renounced the entire world for the attainment of thy rosy anklet girt feet. After being gladdened at the sight of the king who was an unattached sincere devotee, praised even by devas(gods), though didst confer on him mukthi(salvation), by path of bhakti(devotion), after cleansing him of any taints caused by his life on earth.

Lord Krishna also attended a second sangam conference presided over by lord sivan and presented a saiva agama work called vyazha malai akaval. The reference to the same is available in the works of tirumangai alwar of 8th century .C.E.

From the Mauryan period, Northern Black Polished Ware, copper coins, terracotta ring wells and ivory seals with Brahmi text have been excavated at Ujjain. Ujjain emerged as an important commercial centre, partially because it lay on the trade route connecting north India to the Deccan, starting from Mathura. It also emerged as an important center for intellectual learning among Hindu, early Buddhist and Jain traditions. After the Mauryans, Ujjain was controlled by a number of empires and dynasties, including local dynasties, the Shungas, the Western Satraps, the Satavahanas, and the Guptas.

Ujjain remained as an important city of the Guptas during the 4 and the 5century CE. Kalidasa, the great Indian classical poet of the 5 century who lived in the times of the Gupta king Vikramaditya wrote his epic work Meghaduta in which he describes the richness of Ujjain and its people. In the 6 century CE the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang visited India. He describes the ruler of Avanti as a king who was generous to the poor and presented them with gifts.

Bharthari is said to have written his great epics, Virat Katha, Neeti Sataka, the love story of Pradyot Princess Vasavadatta and Udayan in Ujjayini, as the city was called during his times. The writings of Bhasa are set in Ujjain, and he probably lived in the city. Kalidasa also refers to Ujjain multiple times, and it appears that he spent at least a part of his life in Ujjain. Mrichchhakatika by Shudraka is also set in Ujjain. Ujjain also appears in several stories as the capital of the legendary emperor Vikramaditya. Somadeva's Kathasaritsagara (11th century) mentions that the city was created by Vishwakarma, and describes it as invincible, prosperous and full of wonderful sights.

Medieval period

The Paramaras (9th-14th century CE) shifted the region's capital from Ujjain to Dhar. In 1235 CE, Iltutmish of Delhi Sultanate plundered the city, and destroyed its temples. With the decline of the Paramara kingdom, Ujjain ultimately came under the Islamic rule, like other parts of north-central India. The city continued to be an important city of central India. As late as during the times of the Mughal vassal Jai Singh II (1688-1743), who constructed a Jantar Mantar in the city, Ujjain was the largest city and capital of the Malwa Subah.

Modern period

During the 18th century, the city briefly became the capital of Scindia state of the Maratha confederacy, when Ranoji Scindia established his capital at Ujjain in 1731. But his successors moved to Gwalior, where they ruled the Gwalior State in the latter half of the 18th century. The struggle of supremacy between the Holkars of Indore and Scindias (who ruled Ujjain) led to rivalry between the merchants of the two cities. On 18 July 1801, the Holkars defeated the Scindias at the Battle of Ujjain. On 1 September, Yashwantrao Holkar entered the city, and demanded a sum of 15 lakh rupees from the city. He received only 1/8th of this amount; the rest was pocketed by his officers. A force sent by Daulat Scindhia later regained control of Ujjain. After both Holkar and Scindias accepted the British suzerainty, the British colonial administrators decided to develop Indore as an alternative to Ujjain, because the merchants of Ujjain had supported certain anti-British people. John Malcolm, the British administrator of Central India, decided to reduce the importance of Ujjain "by transferring a great part of that consequence it now enjoys to the Towns of Indore and Rutlam cities, which are and will continue more under our control."

After the independence India, Ujjain became a part of the Madhya Bharat state. In 1956 Madhya Bharat was fused into the State of Madhya Pradesh.

Geography

Ujjain is located in the west-central part of India, and is north of the upper limit of the Vindhya mountain ranges. Located on the Malwa plateau, it is higher than the north Indian plains and the land rises towards the Vindhya Range to the south. Ujjain's co-ordinates are 23°10′N 75°46′E / 23.167°N 75.767°E / 23.167; 75.767 with an average elevation of 494 m (1620 ft). The region is an extension of the Deccan Traps, formed between 60 and 68 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous period. The city is on the bank of the river Shipra which flows into the nearby Chambal. The tropic of cancer also passes through a temple named Karkoteshwar, located near Harsiddhi Mandir in Ujjain.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, Ujjain has a population of 515,215, 264,871 of whom were male and 250,344 female. The sex ratio is 945 per 1000 males, and the child sex ratio is 929 girls per 1000 boys. The city has 58,972 children under the age of six. There were 30,573 boys and 28,399 girls, which formed 11.45% of the total population of the city.

The total literates in the city were 385,193, of whom 210,075 were males and 175,118 were females. The average literacy rate of the city is 84.43 percent. Male and female literacy were 89.66 and 78.90 percent, respectively.

Government and jurisdiction

Most of the regions surrounding the city are administered by the Ujjain Municipal Corporation (UMC). The city is administered by a Divisional Commissioner and a Collectorate Office as well as the Mayor. They are responsible for the town and Country Planning Department, Forest Department, Public Health Engineering, Public Works Department and MP Electricity Board.

Ujjain has been a metropolitan municipality with a mayor-council form of government. The Ujjain Municipal Corporation (UMC) was established in 1956 under the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Palika Nigam Adhiniyam. The UMC was established in 1886 as Nagar Palika, but the Municipal Corporation of Ujjain was declared on a par with the Gwalior Municipal Corporation. The UMC is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, local planning and welfare services. The mayor and councillors are elected to five-year terms.

The Ujjain Development Authority, also known as UDA, is the urban planning agency serving Ujjain. Its headquarters are located in the Bharatpuri area of Ujjain. It was established under the Madhya Pradesh Town and Country Planning Act, 1973.

Ujjain Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 29 Lok Sabha constituencies in Madhya Pradesh state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 1951 as one of the 9 Lok Sabha constituencies in the erstwhile Madhya Bharat state. It is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes since 1966. This constituency covers the entire Ujjain district and part of Ratlam district. Currently, Dr. Chintamani Malviya of the Bharatiya Janata Party is member of parliament who won in the Indian general elections, 2014.

Culture

Ujjain is considered one of the holiest cities in India, and is a popular pilgrimage centre.Some of the notable sacred places in the city include:

• Chamunda Mata temple, Ujjain
• Chintaman Ganesh temple
• Gopal Mandir, built by Sawai Jai Singh of Jaipur
• ISKCON temple
• Kal Bhairav temple
• Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga, an ancient temple that was destroyed by Iltutmish and then restored by the Scindias of Gwalior
• Mangalnath Temple, tropic of cancer passes through this temple

Other historic places in Ujjain include:

• Ved Shala
• Sandipani Ashram
• Kaliadeh Palace

• Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga is the city's most visited temple.
• Kal Bhairav temple, where liquor is offered to the city's guardian deity
• Ved Shala or Jantar Mantar
• ISKON Temple of Ujjain
• Ram Ghat on the banks of Shipra River
• Temples dot the city and the riverbank

Simhastha

The Ujjain Simhastha is a mass Hindu pilgrimage, and one of the fairs recognised as Kumbh Melas. During the Simhastha, Hindus gather to bathe in a sacred river. At Ujjain, it is held once every 12 years, on the banks of Kshipra river. It is also known as Simhastha, when it falls during Jupiter's stay in Leo of Simha. The latest Simhastha was held in Ujjain from 22 April 2016 to 21 May 2016.

Education

University

• Avantika University
• Maharshi Panini Sanskrit University
• Vikram University

Medical Colleges

• Amaltas Hospital & Medical College (AIMS)
• Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College

Engineering Colleges

• Mahakal Institute of Technology
• Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Business Management,Vikram University
• School of Engineering and Technology Ujjain, Vikram University
• Ujjain Engineering College

Schools

The city's government and private schools include:

• AadharshilA Academy ujjain
• Carmel Convent Sr. Sec. School
• Christu Jyoti Convent Senior Secondary School
• Govt. School for Excellence, Madhavnagar
• Kendriya Vidyalaya, Nagziri
• Mahadji Scindia Public School, Chamunda Mata
• Saraswati Vidhya Mandir, Marutiganj, Ujjain
• St. Mary's Convent School
• St Paul's Higher Secondary School
• Takshshila Junior College
• Ujjain Public School
• Oxford Junior College

Industry

The Government of Madhya Pradesh has allotted 1,200 acres for the development of an industrial area on the Dewas-Ujjain Road near Narwar village. Originally named "Vikramaditya Knowledge City", the area was envisaged as an educational hub. Due to diminished investment prospects, it was renamed to "Vikram Udyog Nagari" ("Vikram Industrial City"). As of 2014, the government has conceptualised it as a half-industrial, half-educational area. The stakeholders in the project include the state government and the Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) Trust.

Transport

Airport

Ujjain does not have any airport but has an airstrip on Deaws road which is used for air transport purposes. In 2013, the Government of Madhya Pradesh started a Ujjain-Bhopal air services as a joint venture with Ventura AirConnect. Due to very low booking, the ambitious project was scrapped. The main reason for the failure of the plan was improper timing. The nearest airport is the Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport at Indore (57.2 km).

Railway

Ujjain Junction is the main railway station of Ujjain, and it is directly or indirectly well-connected to all the major railway stations in India. It lies on the Ratlam–Bhopal, Indore–Nagda and Guna–Khandwa route. To the west it is connected to Ratlam Junction, to the north it is connected with Nagda Junction, to the east it is connected with Maksi Junction, Bhopal Junction, and to the south it is connected to Indore Junction BG, Dewas Junction.

There are five railway stations in the Ujjain city and its suburbs:

Road

Dewas Gate Stand and Nana Kheda Bus Stand are the two bus stands in the city that provide service to destinations located in the states. A large number of state run private buses are available for Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Ajmer, Khajuraho, Indore, Bhopal, Pune, Mumbai, Kota, Mandu, Jhalawar and various other locations. The city has a well connected road network including Indore Road, Badnagar Road, Dewas Road, Agar Road, Nagda Road and Maksi Road. There are three state highways; 18 connects to Ahmedabad, 17 connects to jaora and 27 connects to Indore.

Other important regional highways passing through the city are:

• Indore – Ujjain Road via SH 27
• Kota / Agar – Ujjain Road via SH 27
• Bhopal / Dewas – Ujjain Road via SH 18
• Ratlam / Barnagar – Ujjain Road via SH 18
• Jaora / Nimach – Ujjain Road via SH 17
• Maksi – Ujjain Road (Connects to NH 3)

Ujjain is to surrounded by ring road. MR-2, MR-5, MR-10 and simhastha bypass comes under this ringroad

Local transport

Ujjain depends on an extensive network of auto rickshaws, city busses, private taxis and Tata Magic, that operate throughout the city, connecting one part with another. UMC has recently introduced city buses with a public private partnership project as the city was identified urban agglomerations with less than 1 million population under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.

Sports

Cricket is one of the most popular sports in the city. Ujjain is also home to the Ujjain Divisional Cricket Association which is affiliated to BCCI. The city does not have any stadiums, but hosted Ranji Trophy matches at Pipe Factory Ground in 1977 and 1980.

Kite flying is another popular activity in the city around Makar Sakranti.

There are a few playing fields in Ujjain:

• Madhav College Ground
• Mahakal Institute of Technology Ground
• Ujjain International Stadium
• Vikram University Ground

Health care

The city has a government hospital, charak bhavan (for children and mothers) TB hospital and Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College.

Smart city

Ujjain city was shortlisted under the Government of India’s flagship programmes Smart Cities Mission. Under the mission, UMC ( Ujjain Municipal Corporation)shall participate in the smart cities challenge by Ministry of Urban Development. As part of this, UMC is preparing a Smart City Proposal (SCP). SCP will include smart city solutions based on the consultations to be held with the key stakeholders of the city. UMC invited the suggestions from citizens of Ujjain to make ‘Ujjain as a smart city’. The citizens were able to post their views pertaining to basic services such as water supply, sewerage, urban transport, social infrastructure and e-governance.

Notable people

Notable people who were born or lived in Ujjian include:

References

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Bibliography

• Rahman Ali; Ashok Trivedi; Dhirendra Solanki (2004). Buddhist remains of Ujjain region: excavations at Ṣodañga. Sharada Pub. House. ISBN 978-81-88934-15-7.
• Dipak Kumar Samanta (1996). Sacred Complex of Ujjain. D.K. Printworld. ISBN 978-81-246-0078-8.
• Hunter, Cotton, Burn, Meyer. "The Imperial Gazetteer of India", 2006. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 1909.
• Dongray, Keshav Rao Balwant (1935). Ujjain. Alijar Darbar Press, Gwalior.
• Pranab Kumar Bhattacharyya (1977). Historical Geography of Madhya Pradesh from Early Records. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 275. ISBN 978-0-8426-9091-1.

External links

• Official website of Ujjain Municipal Corporation
• Official website of Ujjain district
• Official website of Ujjain Kumbh Mela

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Hindu architecture and art glossary
Beginnings (before 400 CE)	Arts, sculpture Didarganj Yakshi Pompeii Lakshmi Archaeological sites Mathura Bet Dwarka Dihar Kumhrar Pandu Rajar Dhibi Inscriptions Ayodhya Hathibada Ghosundi Heliodorus pillar Lakulisa Mathura Mora Well Mountain Temple Naneghat Reh Yavanarajya Vasu Doorjamb
Maturity (400-899 CE)	Arts, sculpture Nataraja Archaeological sites Aihole Badami Besnagar Chandraketugarh Sirpur Ujjain Inscriptions Gadhwa Stone Gopika Cave Vadathika Cave Mandasor Stone Mandasor Pillar Temples 400-599 CE Udayagiri Caves Bhumara Shiva Dashavatara Eran Vishnu Nachna Parvati Tigawa Devi Gop Surya Mandasor Shiva Aihole Group Badami Caves Elephanta Caves 600-899 CE Pattadakal Group Bateshwar Madhya Pradesh Teli ka Mandir Chaturbhuj Gwalior Masrur Himachal Lakshana Devi Alampur Telangana Navabrahma Papanasi Ellora Caves Somnath Gujarat Dwarka Gujarat Mahabalipuram Group Sirpur Chhattisgarh Srirangam Meenakshi
Advanced (900-1299 CE)	Archaeological sites Belur Halebidu Madan Kamdev Somanathapura Temples Brihadisvara Thanjavur Brihadisvara Gangaikondacholapuram Airavatesvara Darasuram Chennakeshava Belur Chennakesava Somanathapura Hoysaleswara Halebidu Udupi Krishna Nataraja Chidambaram Tirupati Modhera Gujarat Dewark Sun Temple Khajuraho Jageshwar Uttarakhand Sasbahu Gwalior Konark Sun Jagannath Puri
Revival (1400-1799 CE)	Archaeological sites Hampi
Related	Hindu Denominations Iconography Pilgrimage sites Hinduism by country
Note:	The above list of archaeological sites, inscriptions and temples is grossly incomplete.
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v t e Hindu holy cities
India	Char Dham Badrinath Badrinath Temple Dwarka Dwarkadhish Temple Puri Jagannath Temple Rameswaram Ramanathaswamy Temple Chota Char Dham Badrinath Badrinath Temple Gangotri Kedarnath Kedarnath Temple Yamunotri Yamunotri Temple Panch Kedar Kalpeshwar Kedarnath Madhyamaheshwar Rudranath Tungnath Pancharama Kshetras Amararama Draksharama Ksheerarama Kumararama Somarama Six Abodes of Murugan Palani Pazhamudircholai Swamimalai Thiruparankundram Thiruttani Tiruchendur Trilinga Kshetras Draksharama Kaleshwaram Srisailam Ashtavinayaka Lenyadri Girijatmaja Mahad Varadvinayaka Morgaon Mayureshwara Ozar Vighneswara Pali Ballaleshwara Ranjangaon Mahaganapati Siddhatek Siddhivinayaka Theur Chintamani Jyotirlinga Deoghar Vaidyanath Dwarka Nageshvara Ellora Caves Grishneshwar Kedarnath Kedarnath Khandwa Omkareshwar Prabhas Patan Somnath Rajgurunagar Bhimashankar Rameswaram Ramanathaswamy Srisailam Mallikājuna Trimbak Trimbakeshwar Ujjain Mahakaleshwar Varanasi Kasi Vishvanath Panchabootha Lingas Annamalai (Fire) Tiruvannamalai Chidambaram (Ether) Chidambaram Ekambareswarar (Earth) Kanchipuram Jambukeswarar (Water) Thiruvanaikaval Srikalahasti (Air) Srikalahasti Pancha Sabhas Art/Chithiram, Courtallam Copper/Thamiram, Nellai Emerald/Rathinam, Thiruvalangadu Gold/Pon, Thillai Silver/Velli, Madurai Sapta Puris Avantika Ayodhya Dwaravati Kanchi Kashi Mathura Maya Shakti Peeths Vimala Temple Taratarini Temple Kamakhya Temple Kalighat Kali Temple Kukkuteswara Temple Koneswaram Temple Kamakshi Amman Temple Chamundeshwari Temple Mahalakshmi Temple Biraja Temple Alopi Devi Mandir Mangla Gauri Temple Vishalakshi Temple Others Kumbha Kshetras Haridwar Haridwar Kumbha Mela Nashik-Trimbak Nashik-Trimbak Kumbha Mela Prayagraj (Prayaga) Prayaga Kumbha Mela Ujjain Ujjain kumbha Mela Sun Temple for Chhath Puja Deo Sun Temple Umga Sun Temple Navagraha temples Suryanar Kovil Kailasanathar Temple Vaitheeswaran Koil Swetharanyeswarar Temple Apatsahayesvarar Temple Agniswarar Temple Tirunallar Saniswaran Temple Rahu Stalam Nagannathaswamy Temple Important Amarnath Aundha Gokarna Khajuraho Kudalasangama Lingaraj Paadal Petra Sthalam Thanjavur Tirupati Thiruvarur Thrissur Vaikom Samadhis Alandi Belur Math Tulsi Ghat Meherabad Shirdi Gorakhpur Panchaganga Ghat Puri Nagpur Prasanthi Nilayam Others Ahobilam Ambaji Ambalappuzha Annavaram Arunachala Basar Bhadrachalam Chidambaram Chitrakoot Chottanikkara Dakor Dakshineswar Kali Temple Deo Dharmasthala Ettumanoor Gaya Gokul Guruvayur Indraprastha Jageshwar Jajpur Kalighat Kanyakumari Katra Vaishno Devi Khatu Kollur Kumbakonam Kurukshetra Madurai Mangalagiri Mayapur Nabadwip Nashik Nathdwara Pandharpur Prayag (Triveni Sangam) Pushkar Pushpagiri Temple Complex Rishikesh Ryali Sabarimala Shakti Pitha Simhachalam Somnath Sonamukhi Sri Kurmam Sringeri Srirangam Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar) Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Delhi) Thrippunithura Tiruchanur Tirumala Tirunavaya Udupi Velliangiri Vemulawada Vijayawada Vrindavan Yadagirigutta
Out of India	Ateshgah of Baku (Azerbaijan) Bhadreshwaram (Vietnam) Ganga Talao (Mauritius) Iraivan temple (USA) Kadhalishwaram ruins (China) Mount Kailash (Tibet) Sivan temple (Singapore) Sthūlādri (Thailand) Temple in the Sea (Trinidad and Tobago) Thewasathan Bot Phram (Sao Chingcha, Bangkok) Cambodia Angkor Wat Tribhuvanamāhesvaram Indonesia Balinese temple Besakih Temple Candi Surawana Cangkuang Ceto Temple Denpasar Dieng Plateau Gebang Gedong Songo Gianyar Gunung Kawi Jawi Temple Kidal Temple Marga Pejeng Penataran Prambanan Pura Luhur Ulu Watu Pura Penataran Sasih Pura Ulun Danu Batur Pura Ulun Danu Bratan Shivagraham Singhasari temple Sukuh Tanah Lot Tirta Empul Nepal Chataradham Janakpurdham Kathmandu Pashupatinath Pakistan Hinglaj Sharada Peeth Multan Sun Temple Katas Raj Temples Amb Temples Kalat Kali Temple Nagarparkar Temples Mansehra Shiva Temple Lava Mandir Jagannath Temple Churrio Jabal Durga Temple Sadh Belo Island Mandir Kafir Kot Sri Lanka Pancheshwarams Ketheeshwaram Koneswaram Munneshwaram Naguleshwaram Thondeshwaram Others Ati Konanayakar Kataragama Kokkadicholai Thaanthonreeswarar Pathirakali Amman Temple Thambiluvil Kannaki Amman Temple Thambiluvil Sri Sivalinga Pillayar Temple Thirukkovil Temple

v t e State of Madhya Pradesh
Capital: Bhopal
State symbols	Animal: Barasingha Bird: Dudhraj Fish: Mahseer Flower: Lily River: Narmada Tree: Banyan Highest point: Dhupgarh
Topics	Tourism Culture Protected areas Sports
Governance	Governors Chief Ministers Legislative Assembly High Court Police
Divisions	Bhopal Chambal Gwalior Indore Jabalpur Narmadapuram Rewa Sagar Shahdol Ujjain
Districts	Agar Malwa Alirajpur Anuppur Ashoknagar Balaghat Barwani Betul Bhind Bhopal Burhanpur Chhatarpur Chhindwara Chambal Damoh Datia Dewas Dhar Dindori Guna Gwalior Harda Hoshangabad Indore Jabalpur Jhabua Katni Khandwa Khargone Maihar Mandla Mandsaur Mauganj Narsinghpur Neemuch Niwari Panna Raisen Rajgarh Ratlam Rewa Sagar Satna Sehore Seoni Shahdol Sidhi Singrauli Shajapur Sheopur Shivpuri Tikamgarh Ujjain Umaria Vidisha
Major cities	Bhopal Dewas Gwalior Indore Jabalpur Rewa Sagar Satna Ujjain

• Malwa
• Ujjain
• Hindu holy cities
• Hindu pilgrimage sites
• Populated places along the Silk Road
• Cities in Malwa
• Former capital cities in India
• Ancient Indian cities
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• Cities in Madhya Pradesh