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{{otheruses}}
{{City in Ukraine
|official_name = Kyiv
|Ukrainian_name = Київ
|nickname =
|image_skyline = Kiev Mikhail Arhangel modern square.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = A monument to ], the patron of Kiev, with ] in the background.
|image_flag = Kyiv flag.png
|image_coa = Kiew-city-COA.PNG
|image_map = Map of Ukraine political simple city Kiew.png
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Map of Ukraine with Kyiv highlighted.
|subdivision_type = ]<br> ]<br> ]
|subdivision_name =]<br>Kyiv City Municipality<br>]
|established_title =
|established_date =
|cityrights_title =
|cityrights_date =
|leader_title = ]
|leader_name = ]
|area_magnitude =
|area_total = 839
|area_land =
|area_water =
|population_as_of = 2005
|population_note =
|population_total = 2,660,401
|population_metro =
|population_density = 3,299
|timezone = ]
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = ]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|latd=50 |latm=27 |lats=00 |latNS=N
|longd=30 |longm=31 |longs=24 |longEW=E
|elevation = 179
|postal_code = 01xxx-04xxx
|dialing_code = +380 44
|license_plate = AA (before 2004: КА,КВ,КЕ,КН,КІ,KT)
|sister_cities = <small>], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]</small>
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Kyiv''', also '''Kiev''' (]: {{Audio|Kyiv.ogg|Київ}}, ''Kyiv'', ]: {{IPA|}}; ]: {{Audio|ru-Kiev.ogg|Ки́ев}}, ''Kiev''; see also ]) is the ] and the largest city of ], located in the north central part of the country on the ] river. Since 2001, Kyiv has officially had 2,660,401 inhabitants, though this figure has likely grown to more than 3.5 million since then.<ref name="Citypop.">. URL accessed July 28, 2006</ref> Administratively, Kiev is a national-level subordinated ], independent from surrounding ]. Kyiv is an important industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of ]. It is home to many high-tech industries, ] institutions, world-famous historical landmarks. The city has an extensive infrastructure and highly developed system of ], including a ] system.

The name of Kyiv comes from the name of ], one of four legendary founders of the city (brothers Kyi, Shchek, Khoryv and sister Lybid). During ], Kyiv, one of the oldest cities in ], passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The city is believed to have been founded in the 5th century as a trading post in the land of ]. It gradually acquired eminence as the center of the ], becoming in the tenth to twelfth centuries a political and cultural capital of ], a ] East Slavic state. Completely destroyed during the ] in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. It was a provincial capital of marginal importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbors: first the ], followed by the ] and, finally, ]. The city prospered again during the Russian ] in the late 19th century. After the turbulent period following the ], from 1921 onwards Kyiv was an important city of the ], and, since 1934, its capital. During ], the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years becoming the third most important city of the ].

Kyiv remains the capital of Ukraine, independent since 1991 following the ].

==Environment==
===Geography===
] image of Kiev and the Dnieper River]]

Kyiv is located on both sides of the ], which flows south through the city towards the ]. Its ] are {{coor dms |50|27|00|N|30|31|24|E|type:city(2600000)_scale:300000_region:ua}}. Geographically, Kyiv belongs to the ] ecological zone (a part of the European mixed woods). However, the city's unique landscape distinguishes it from the surrounding region. The older right-bank (''western'') part of Kiev is represented by numerous woody hills, ravines and small rivers (now lost mostly due to ]). It is a part of the larger Prydniprovska (''near-Dnieper'') upland adjoining the western bank of the Dnieper. The city expanded to the Dnieper's left-bank (''to the east'') only in the 20th century. Significant areas of the Dnieper valley were artificially sand-deposited, and are protected by ]s.

The Dnieper River forms a branching system of ], isles, and harbors within the city limits. The city is adjoined by the mouth of the ] and the ] in the north, and the ] in the south. Both the Dnieper and Desna rivers are ] at Kyiv, although regulated by the reservoir shipping locks and limited by winter freeze-over.

===Climate===
Kyiv has a ] ], although it has changed significantly during recent decades due to ] changes. The warmest months are June, July, and August, with mean temperatures of 13.8 to 24.8°C (56.9 to 76.7°F). The coldest are December, January, and February, with mean temperatures of −4.6 to -1.1°C (23.7 to 30.0°F). The highest ever temperature recorded in the city was 39.4°C (103.0°F) on ] ]. The coldest temperature ever recorded in the city was -32.2°C (-26.0°F) on ] & ] ]. Snow cover usually lies from mid-November to the end of March, with the frost-free period lasting 180 days on average, but surpassing 200 days in recent years.<ref name="Beijing"> URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color: #000080" height="17" | Month
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jan
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Feb
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Mar
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Apr
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | May
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jun
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jul
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Aug
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Sep
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Oct
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Nov
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Dec
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Year
|-
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Avg high °C (°F)
| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | -3 (27)
| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | -1 (30)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 4 (40)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 14 (57)
| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 21 (69)
| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 24 (74)
| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 25 (76)
| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 24 (75)
| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 19 (66)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 12 (54)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 4 (40)
| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | 0 (32)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 12 (53)
|-
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" height="16;" | Avg low °C (°F)
| style="background: #660099; color: black;" | -8 (17)
| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | -7 (20)
| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | -2 (28)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 5 (41)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 11 (51)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 14 (57)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 15 (59)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 14 (58)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 10 (50)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 5 (41)
| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | 0 (32)
| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | -5 (24)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 4 (40)
|-
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Avg rainfall in mm (inches)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 48 (1.9)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 46 (1.8)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 39 (1.5)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 48 (1.9)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 53 (2.1)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 73 (2.9)
| style="background: #2266AA;" | 88 (3.5)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 69 (2.7)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 47 (1.8)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 35 (1.4)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 51 (2.0)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 52 (2.0)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 54 (2.1)
|-
| colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|''Source: World Weather Information Service''<ref> URL accessed July 29, 2006</ref>
|}

==History==
{{main|History of Kiev}}
Kiev is one of the oldest and most important cities of ] with an immense role in the development of the medieval ] civilization as well as in the modern ].

Many historical and architectural landmarks are preserved or reconstructed in the city, which is thought to have existed as early as the fifth century. With the exact time of city foundation being hard to determine, May 1982 was chosen to celebrate the city's 1,500th anniversary. During the eighth and ninth centuries, Kiev was an outpost of the ] empire. Starting from some point during the late ninth or early tenth century, Kiev was ruled by the ] nobility and became the nucleus of the ] polity, which became known as ] during the ] of Kiev. In 1240 Kiev was ] of ], an event that had a profound effect on the future of the city and the ]. At the time of the Mongol destruction, Kiev was reputed as one of the largest cities in the world, with a population exceeding one-hundred thousand.

From 1362, the area, with a largely diminished city, became part of the ] and from 1569 a part of ], as a capital of ], transferred by then to the ]. In the 17th century, was transferred under rule of ] (later ]), where for some time it remained a provincial town of marginal importance.

Kiev prospered again during the ] in the late nineteenth century when it became the third most important city of the Russian Empire, the major center of commerce of the Empire's southwest. In the turbulent period following the ], Kiev became the capital of several ] and was caught in the middle of several conflicts: the ], the ], and the ]. From 1921 the city was part of the ], and since 1934, the capital of ]. In 1932-33 the city was affected by the devastating man-made famine known as ]. While there was no famine for those who had jobs and ration cards, thousands of peasants from the rural areas were banned from the state food stores and were often dying on the streets.<ref>Robert Conquest. THE HARVEST OF SORROW: SOVIET COLLECTIVIZATION AND THE TERROR-FAMINE. New York; Oxford. Oxford University Press, 1986</ref>

In ], the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years, becoming the third most important city of the Soviet Union. It remains the capital of Ukraine, after the country's attainment of independence in the wake of the ].
:''See also: ]
].]]

==Government==
{{main|Legal status and local government of Kiev}}
The ] ({{lang-uk|Київрада}}; ] ''Kyivrada'') is the highest representative body of the city community. The members of city council are directly elected by Kiev's citizens, known as ''Kievans'', and the council is chaired by the '']''.

===Subdivisions of Kiev===
{{Main|Subdivisions of Kiev}}
Administratively, the city is divided into ]s, which have their local governments with jurisdiction over a limited scope of affairs. Presently, there are 10 raions. ''For details on administration, see ].''

Besides these, Kiev is informally divided into informal, historical neighborhoods, each housing from about 5,000 to 100,000 inhabitants.

The natural first level of subdivision of the city is into the Right Bank and the ] of the Dnieper. The Right Bank, located on the west side of the river, contains the older portions of the city.

:''See also: ]

==Demographics==
{{Histpop|
]|846,724|''N/A''|
]|930,000|+9.8%|
]|180,000|-80.6%|
]|1,104,334|+513.5%|
]|1,174,000|+6.3%|
]|2,144,000|+82.6%|
]|2,587,945|+20.7%|
]|2,611,327|+0.9%|
]|2,660,401|+1.8%|
}}

As of the ] conducted in 2001, the population of Kiev is 2,611,000.<ref> URL accessed on June 20, 2006</ref> Please consult the table to the right for Kiev's historical populations.<ref name="Citypop.">. URL accessed July 28, 2006</ref> According to the census, the number of men accounted for 1,219,000 thousand persons, or 46.7%, and that of women – 1,393,000 thousand persons, or 53.3%.

Since the 1989 census, the children population has decreased, and the population of persons at the older than able-to-work age has increased significantly.

According to the census data, more than 130 nationalities and ethnic groups reside within the territory of Kiev. Ukrainians constitute the largest ethnic group in Kiev, and they account for 2,110,800 people, or 82.2% of the population.

The ethnic makeup of Kiev's residents, excluding the ] population is characterized by the following data: Russians - 337,300 (13.1%), ]s - 17,900 (0.7%), ] - 16,500 (0.6%), ] - 6,900 (0.3%), ] - 4,900 (0.2%), ] - 2,600 (0.1%), ] - 2,500 (0.1%), ] - 2,400 (0.1%), ] - 1,900 (0.1%).

The language structure of Kiev is characterized by the following data: the part of those whose native language is Ukrainian totals 92.3% of the population, up from 88.4% in 1989. The percentage of those whose native language is Russian, totals 7.2% of the population.

The number of people with higher and complete secondary education accounts for 1,069,700 people, up significantly by 21.7% since 1989.

==Modern Kiev==
] of the Kiev center at night.]]
] from the Instytutska street.]]

Modern Kiev is a mix of the old and the new, seen in everything from the architecture to the stores and to the people themselves. Experiencing fast population growth between the 1970s and the mid-], the city has continued its consistent growth after the turn of the millennium. As a result, Kiev's ''"downtown"'' is a dotted picture of new, modern buildings (known as ''novostroikas'') amongst the pale yellows, blues and grays of the older apartments. Urban sprawl has been gradually reducing, while population densities of suburbs started increasing. The most expensive properties are located in the ], and ] area. It is also popular to own a novostroika in ], ], or ] along the Dnieper, as well as in some other better-established areas.

With the Ukrainian independence on the turn of the millennium, other changes came. Western-style novostroikas, hip ]s, classy restaurants and prestigious hotels opened in the center. Music from ] and ] started rising on Ukrainian music charts. And most importantly, with the easing of the visa rules in 2005,<ref> ULR accessed on July 30, 2006</ref> Ukraine is positioning itself as a prime tourist attraction, with Kiev, among the other large cities, looking to profit from the new opportunities. The center of Kiev has been cleaned up and buildings have been restored and redecorated, especially the ] street and the ]. Many historic areas of Kiev, such as ], have become popular street vendor locations, where one can find traditional ], religious items, books, game sets (most commonly ]) as well as ] for sale.<ref> URL accessed on June 20, 2006</ref>

===Culture===
An important part of Kiev's culture is the many theatres in the city, which include: ], ] National Drama Theatre, ] National Academic Theatre of the Russian Drama, ], ], and others. Other cultural items include the: ], and the ]. The most important of the city's many museums are the Kiev State Historical Museum, the WWII museum, the Kiev State Museum of Ukrainian Art, and the Kiev State Museum of Russian Art.

In ] Kiev hosted ] song contest.

:''See also: ]

====Sports====
] (soccer) is probably the most popular spectator sport among the young in Kiev, followed by ]. Kiev has many professional and amateur soccer clubs, including the ] and ] clubs, which both play in the ]. Other less prominent sport clubs in the city include: the ] soccer club and the ] hockey club.
]

During the ] held in the ], Kiev held the preliminary matches and the quarter-finals of the football tournament at its ], reconstructed for the event. The stadium is the largest of Ukrainian stadiums, as well as among Kiev's 15 stadiums/sport complexes. Initially constructed for audience of 100,000, following the installation of individual seats it can now accommodate 83,053 spectators.<ref name="Beijing"> URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> Other notable sport stadiums/sport complexes in Kiev include the ], the ], among many others.

Kiev does not only host field games and indoor sports, but also aquatic sports, which take place on the ] at ], and on ] in the Dnieper river, opposite the city center, where there are many fine beaches and recreational facilities.<ref name="Beijing"> URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> In addition to that, cross country bicycling is another favorite sport, also taking place on the Trukhaniv Island.

:''See also: ]

====Cuisine====
Kiev is also a great place for the food lovers, and not only those who have been fond of Ukrainian cuisine. An increasing number of international travellers, as well as the interest with which the Ukrainian city dwellers approach, have spurred a steady growth of bars and diners ranging from Japanese sushi-bars to traditional Italian and Spanish restaurants.

While there is about as much contrast between these in terms of quality of food served as there is between the social classes in Ukraine, the majority of eateries tend to be overpriced, however featuring polite and thorough services.

====Architecture====
Probably, Kiev most famous historical architecture complexes are ] and ] (Monastery of the Caves), which are ] ]s.

Noteworthy historical architectural landmarks also include the ] (designed and constructed from 1745 to 1752, then reconstructed in 1870), several Orthodox churches such as ], ], ], the reconstructed ], and others.

The cylindrical Salut hotel, located across from Glory Square and an ] at the World War Two memorial ], the giant highly visible from the Dnieper hills ] statue standing in the WWII museum are one of Kiev's well recognized modern landmarks.

Among Kiev's best-known monuments are ]'s statue of ] astride his horse located near ], the venerated ] (St. Vladimir), the ], overlooking the river above ], the monument to ] and Lybid, the legendary founders of the city located at the Dnieper embankment. Finally, two elevated on the tall columns modern monuments to the city protectors are located at the ] in the city center: the historic protector of Kiev ] and a modern invention, the goddess-protector ].

:''See also: ]

=====Architectural monuments=====
<center>
<gallery>
Image:StMichaelCathedral.jpg|The ], 1998 reconstruction.
Image:Uspensky Sobor.jpg|The Holy Dormition Cathedral of the ], post-1991 reconstruction.
Image:Andreevskaja cerkov.jpg|The ].
Image:Kiev Sofiakathedraal.jpg|The ].
Image:Vladimirsky Sobor.jpg|The ].
Image:Bogorodica-Pirogoscha.jpg|The Church of Bogoroditsa Pirogoscha in the ] raion, 1998 reconstruction
Image:Olga Monument.jpg|Monument to ]
Image:Kiev gate 2001 07 09.jpg|The ], 1982 reconstruction.
Image:Verkhovna Rada face.jpg|The ], the Ukrainian parliament.
Image:KievOpera.jpg|The ].
Image:National Bank of Ukraine.jpg|The ].
Image:House With Chimaeras.jpeg|"]"
</gallery>
</center>

==Transportation==
===Local transportation===
] station of the ]]]

Public transportation in Kiev includes metro (subway), buses, trolleys, and trams. The publicly owned and operated ] system is the fastest, the most convenient and affordable network that covers most, but not all, of the city. The metro is regularly expanding towards the city limits to cover the growing demand, while the other kinds of public transport are not that well maintained. In particular, the public ] service fails to maintain its schedule. Public electric ] and ] lines are more reliable, but are also technically obsolete and underfunded. The historic ], which once were a maintained and densely-developed method of transport, are now gradually being phased out in favor of buses and trolleys.

One unusual mode of public transportation Kiev has is a ], that climbs on the steep right bank of the ]. It provides transport to 10,000-15,000 passengers daily.

All public road transport in Kiev is operated by the united ''Kyivpastrans''<ref>See also: URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> ] company. It is heavily subsidized by the city as large groups of passengers (pensioners, etc.) are granted free service on its lines.

].]]

A simple distance-regardless ]s system exists in Kiev public transport: the tickets for ground transportation are bought for each entrance into the vehicle. Discount passes are available for scholars and students. Pensioners use public transportation free. Monthly passes, which are sold at the price of 60 rides, are also available in all combinations of public transportation: metro, bus, trolley, tram.

Recently, privately owned minibuses, '']s'', occupied Kiev's streets. They provide good coverage of smaller residential streets and have routes that are convenient for the residents. Minibuses take fewer passengers, run faster, stop on demand and are more available, although with an increased frequency of accidents. Ticket price and itinerary of private minibuses are regulated by city government, and the cost of one ride, while higher than on public buses, is still far lower than the Western European standard.

The ] market in Kiev is intensive but not adequately regulated. In particular, the taxi fare per kilometer is not regulated. There is a strong competition between private taxi companies. Many allow to schedule a pick-up by phone. Also, it is quite common for a local with a car (or even people from other parts of Ukraine) to provide taxi service unofficially. ]s and lack of parking space are the growing problems for taxi service in Kiev. Current regulations allow for parking on pavements, which pedestrians may find inconvenient.

] ]. The ] is visible in the background]]

===Suburban transportation===
Suburban transportation is provided by buses and short-range trains ('']s''). There are a few bus stations inside the city providing suburban transportations. Private minibuses (''marshrutkas'') provide faster and more frequent suburban service, currently winning the competition against large buses.

''Elektrichkas'' are serviced by the publicly owned ] company. The suburban train service is fast, most reliable and unbeatingly safe in terms of traffic accidents. But the ''elektrichka'' cars are poorly maintained and are overcrowded in ]s.

There are 5 ''elektrichka'' directions from Kiev:
* ] (north-eastern)
* ] (south-eastern)
* ] (southern)
* ] (south-western)
* ] (western)

]]]

More than a dozen of ''elektrichka'' stops are located inside the city allowing residents of different neighborhoods to use suburban trains.

Once existing suburban ]s service is now extinct due to lack of profitability, limiting Kiev's water transport for cargo and tourism uses.

===Railways===
] are Kiev’s main kind of outer transport connection. The city has a developed railroad infrastructure including a long-distance passenger station, 6 cargo stations, depots, and repairing facilities. However, this system still fails to meet the demand for passenger service. Particularly, the ] is city's only long-distance passenger terminal (''vokzal''). There is construction underway for a new Darnytsia Vokzal on the left-bank part of Kiev, which may easer the tension of the central station.<ref>{{ru icon}} URL accessed on June 20, 2006</ref> ] are another problem restricting the development of city’s railway system. Presently, only one rail bridge out of two is available for intense train traffic. A new combined rail-auto bridge is under construction, as a part of Darnytsia project.

===Air transport===
]]]

Passenger airlink to Kiev can be made through two of its airports: the ], which is served by the most major international airlines from all parts of the world, and a smaller ], serving mostly domestic flights, and few flights to nearby countries. There is also a ] in Kiev's north-western suburb of ]. The international passenger terminal at Boryspil is quite small, yet modern. There is a separate terminal for domestic flights within walking distance. Passengers traveling to other cities within Ukraine by air usually stop for a connection at Boryspil, as the other airports in Ukraine such as in Donetsk, Simferopol, Odessa, provide very limited international connections.

Kiev is one of the centers of world aviation industry, being a home for ]. Currently, there are expansion plans for the city's international airport, with construction to begin within the coming years.<ref>{{ru icon}} URL accessed on June 20, 2006</ref>

:''See also: ]
<br>

==Tourism==
] and the Left Bank of Kiev in the background. Photo copyright R. Lezhoev]]

===Attractions in Kiev===
It is said that one can walk from one end of Kiev to the other in the summertime without leaving the shade of its many trees. Most characteristic are the ]s ({{lang-uk|каштани}}; ''kashtany'').

Kiev is known as a green city, with ] and numerous large and small parks. Notable among these are the World War II Museum, which offers both indoor and outdoor displays of military history and equipment surrounded by verdant hills overlooking the Dnieper river; the ]: an island on the river and accessible by metro or by car, which includes an amusement park, swimming beaches, and boat rentals; and the Victory Park (''Park Pobedy''), a popular destination for strollers, joggers, and cyclists.

Boating, fishing, and water sports are popular pastimes in Kiev. Since the lakes and rivers freeze over in the winter, ice fishermen are frequently seen, as are children with their ice skates. However, the peak of summer is when masses of people can be seen on the shores, swimming or sunbathing, with daytime high temperatures sometimes reaching 30 to 34 ].

The center of Kiev (Independence Square and Khreschatyk Street) becomes a large outdoor party place at night during summer months, with thousands of people having a good time in nearby restaurants, clubs and outdoor cafes. The central streets are closed for auto traffic on weekends.

Wide varieties of farming products are available in many of Kiev's farmer markets with the ] located in the very center of the city being the most famous one. Each residential region has its own market, or ''rynok''. Here one will find table after table of individuals hawking everything imaginable: vegetables, fresh and smoked meats, fish, cheese, honey, dairy products such as milk and home-made ''smetana'' (sour cream), ], cut flowers, housewares, tools and hardware, and clothing. Each of the markets has its own unique mix of products. There is also a popular book market by the ] metro station.

At the city's southern outskirts, near the historic ] village, there is an ], officially called the ] It has an area of 1.5 square kilometres. On this terrain, multiple "mini-villages" that represent the traditional countryside architecture of various regions of Ukraine are built.

''See also: ]

===Views of Kiev===
<center>
<gallery>
Image:Andriyivskyy Uzviz.jpeg|General view of the ].
Image:Podol.JPG|The ] of the ] raion.
Image:Kreschatik.JPG|], the largest and best known street in Kiev.
Image:Ukraine elections massprotest 20041122.jpg|] protesters gather at ].
Image:Trapeznaja Lavry.JPG|The Refectory of the ].
Image:Kiev History Museum.jpg|The Museum of History.
Image:Founders of Kiev.jpg|The founders of Kiev, ].
Image:Kiev railway station 1.JPG|The new Terminal to the ].
</gallery>
</center>

==Economy==
Kiev, as the capital of Ukraine, has major administrative functions, with considerable status in the offices of the ministries responsible for the economy of Ukraine. Factories in Kiev are found in all parts of the city, with locations of major concentrations of industrial organizations located to the west of the city center and on the left bank of the Dnieper River.
:''See also: ], ]''

===Industrial organizations===
The Kiev engineering plants, create their equipment based on metal from the iron and steel areas of ] and the ] coalfield. These plants in Kiev make equipment for chemical works, such as conveyor lines for ], ], ] factories, and also metal-cutting machines. Other engineering products of Kiev area include aircraft ''(see: ])'', hydraulic elevators, electrical instruments, armatures, river-and-sea crafts, motorcycles, and cinematography apparatuses.

Another important sector is the chemical industry, which produces resin products, fertilizers, plastics, and chemical fibres, made at the ] ] plant on the left bank of Kiev. Lumber milling and the production of bricks and reinforced concrete items are another well developed industry. Consumer manufactured goods include cameras ''(see: ]'', thermos flasks, knitwear, footwear, a range of foodstuffs, and hand watches. Kiev is also a large publishing centre.

===Power production===
Kiev is supplied by electricity primary from the Kiev Hydroelectric Station, completed in 1968, just upstream of the city at ], on the ], and from ] thermal electric station. Nowadays, all but a few regions of Ukraine are interconnected by the Ukrainian electric power grid. Following the ] the ] located 100km north of Kiev has been closed. Kiev also receives its power supply in the form of natural gas, piped from Dashava in western Ukraine.

==Education==
Kiev hosts many universities, the major ones being ],<ref>See also: URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> the ],<ref>See also: URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> and the ].<ref>See also: URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> The total number of institutions of higher education in Kiev approaches 200,<ref>See also: </ref> allowing young people to pursue almost any line of study.
]]]

While education remains largely in the hands of the state, private institutions are on the rise. Among private, higher education institutions that are gaining popularity and reputation are the ] and the ].

There are about 500 general secondary schools, evening schools for adults, and specialist technical schools. Some research establishments located throughout the city are headed by the ],<ref>See also: URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> which also maintains the largest of the city's many libraries. Kiev is also noted for its medical and cybernetic research.

:''See also: ]

==Kiev or Kyiv?==
''Kiev'' is the traditional English name for the city, but the Ukrainianized version ''Kyiv'' is gaining usage. The earliest known ] reference is to ''Kiovia'', in English traveller Joseph Marshall's book ''Travels'' (London, 1772).

The name ''Kiev'' was used in print as early as 1823 in the English travelogue ''New Russia: Journey from Riga to the Crimea by way of Kiev'', by Mary Holderness. By 1883, the ] included ''Kiev'' in a quotation. This name was established on the basis of ] orthography and pronunciation {{IPA |}}, during a time when Kiev was a city in a ] of the ]. Ukrainian was considered a language of the village, and attempts to introduce it as a literary language were suppressed (see ]).

The spelling ''Kyiv'', ] version of the ] name for the city {{IPA|}}, has been used in English-language publications of the Ukrainian diaspora and in some academic publications concerning Ukraine during much of the twentieth century. Newly-independent Ukraine declared Ukrainian its official language after 1991, and introduced a national Latin-alphabet standard for geographic names in 1995, establishing the use of the spelling ''Kyiv'' in official documents since October 1995. The spelling is used by the ], ], some foreign ]s and a number of media organizations, notably in ]. The alternate romanizations ''Kyyiv'' (BGN/PCGN transliteration) and ''Kyjiv'' (scholarly) are also in use alongside ''Kiev'' in English-language atlases.
<!--- see United Nations's website in Kyiv , and maps on NYC UN office website -->
<!--- The UK is using both Kyiv and Kiev (see embassy website); India, Pakistan, Norwey, Estonia embassies are using Kyiv -->

''Kyiv'' and ''Kiev'' reflect the divergence of the Ukrainian and Russian languages from the single ] form ''*Kijevъ'' (spelled Києвъ or Кієвъ). According to the legendary account in the ], the city is named after ] (Кий), who is said to have founded the city with his ].

On ], ], the United States Federal Government changed its official spelling of the city name to Kyiv.

Some proponents of the spelling ''Kyiv'' take exception with the use of ''Kiev'' as reflecting imposed ] in Ukraine, and consider it inappropriate since the country's independence in 1991.

{{See also |Romanization of Ukrainian|Romanization of Russian}}

==References==
<div class="references-small">
:'''Inline:'''
<references/>
:'''Bibliography:'''
* Marshall, Joseph. ''Travels Through Germany, Russia, and Poland in the Years 1769 and 1770''. London: J. Almon, 1772; reprint, New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1971. ISBN 040502763X
*{{cite book
| last = Holderness
| first = Mary
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| year = 1827
| title = New Russia: Journey from Riga to the Crimea, by way of Kiev; with some account of the colonization, and the manners and customs of the colonists of New Russia; to which are added notes relating to the Crim Tatars
| publisher = Sherwood, Jones,
| location = London
| id = {{LCCN|49||042378}} <!---ISBN 3-628-28986-5--->
}}
* {{cite news|first= |last= |author= |url= |title=Kiev: the city, its residents, problems of today, wishes for tomorrow. |work= |publisher=] |pages= |page= |date= April 29 - May 12, 2006|accessdate= }}. Available online and
</div>

==See also==
*]
*]
*]

==External links==
{{sisterlinks|Kiev}}

'''General'''
<div class="references-small">
*
* - Satellite view of Kiev
* - English Newspaper
*
* {{uk icon}}
* {{uk icon}} - browsable and searchable by address
* {{ru icon}} - interesting information about Kiev
* & - additional views of the city center
</div>

'''Kiev or Kyiv?'''
<div class="references-small">
* - Resolution of the Ukrainian commission for legal terminology
* — CBC News article about use of city names
* Fred Weir, , '']'', June 28, 2000
</div>

'''Tourist sites'''
<div class="references-small">
* - Kiev city guide
* - Tourist Guide for Kiev
*
*
* {{ru icon}}
</div>

{{Kiev}}
{{Ukraine}}
{{Hero Cities}}

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Revision as of 20:34, 20 October 2006

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