| Revision as of 19:19, 29 December 2017 editInternetArchiveBot (talk | contribs)Bots, Pending changes reviewers5,387,925 edits Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v1.6.1) (Iggy the Swan)← Previous edit | Revision as of 01:22, 22 February 2018 edit undo138.44.194.58 (talk) ←Replaced content with 'big fat .....'Tags: Replaced blankingNext edit → | ||
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| {{Distinguish|Kiev}} | |||
| {{Infobox German location | |||
| |type = City | |||
| |image_photo = KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg | |||
| |image_caption = Mid-August 2003 aerial view of the city centre | |||
| |image_coa = Wappen Kiel.svg | |||
| |image_flag = Flagge der kreisfreien Stadt Kiel.svg | |||
| |coordinates = {{coord|54|20|N|10|8|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | |||
| |state = Schleswig-Holstein | |||
| |district = urban | |||
| |elevation = 5 | |||
| |area = 118.6 | |||
| |population = 240832 | |||
| |pop_metro =643594<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kielregion.de.www258.your-server.de/en/business-location/growth/ |title=Growth - KielRegion - Association for Business Development Kiel / Germany}}</ref> | |||
| |Stand = 2014-06-31 | |||
| |postal_code = 24103–24159 | |||
| |PLZ-alt = 2300 | |||
| |area_code = 0431 | |||
| |licence = KI | |||
| |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 02 000 | |||
| |NUTS = DEFO2 | |||
| |LOCODE = DE KEL | |||
| |divisions = 18 districts | |||
| |Adresse = Fleethörn 9<br>24103 Kiel | |||
| |website = | |||
| |mayor = ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kiel.de/rathaus/oberbuergermeister/index.php|title=Kiels Oberbürgermeister|author=Landeshauptstadt Kiel|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220033645/http://www.kiel.de/rathaus/oberbuergermeister/index.php|archivedate=2015-02-20|df=}}</ref> | |||
| |Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister | |||
| |ruling_party1 = SPD | |||
| |ruling_party2 = Green | |||
| |ruling_party3 = South Schleswig Voter Federation | |||
| }} | |||
| ] | |||
| '''Kiel''' ({{IPA-de|ˈkiːl|lang|Kiel.ogg}}) is the capital and most populous city in the northern ] state of ], with a population of 240,832 (June 2014). | |||
| Kiel lies approximately {{convert|90|km}} north of ]. Due to its geographic location in the north of Germany, the southeast of the ] peninsula and the southwestern shore of the ], Kiel has become one of the major maritime centres of Germany. For instance, the city is known for a variety of international ] events, including the annual ], which is the biggest sailing event in the world. The Olympic sailing competitions of the ] and the ] were held in ].<ref>{{cite web | |||
| | title=General Information | |||
| | work=Kieler Woche | |||
| | url=http://www.kieler-woche.de/eng/Media_English/general_inf_dates_and_events.htm | |||
| | accessdate=2006-03-13 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20051230071223/http://www.kieler-woche.de/eng/Media_English/general_inf_dates_and_events.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2005-12-30}}</ref> | |||
| Kiel has also been one of the traditional homes of the ]'s ] fleet, and continues to be a major high-tech ] centre. Located in Kiel is the ] at the ]. Kiel is an important sea transport hub, thanks to its location on the ] (''Kieler Förde'') and the busiest artificial waterway in the world, ] (''Nord-Ostsee-Kanal''). A number of passenger ferries to ], ], ] and other countries operate from here. Moreover, today Kiel Harbour is an important port of call for ]s touring the Baltic Sea. | |||
| Kiel's recorded history began in the 13th century. Until 1864 it was administered by ] in ]. In 1866 the city was annexed by ] and in 1871 it became part of Germany. | |||
| Kiel was one of the founding cities of original European Green Capital Award in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title=European Grean Capitals|url=http://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/about-the-award/index.html|publisher=European Commission|accessdate=16 May 2015}}</ref> In 2005 Kiel's ] per capita was ]35,618, which is well above ]'s national average, and 159% of the ]'s average.<ref name="GDP per person 2005 in Euro"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227182439/http://www.insm-staedteranking.de/niv_i_bruttoinlandsprodukt-je-einwohner.html?s_id=1 |date=2008-12-27 }}</ref> | |||
| Within Germany and parts of Europe, the city is known for its leading ] team, '']''. The city is home to the ] (established in 1665). | |||
| == History == | |||
| === Middle Ages === | |||
| <!--] and reconstructed in the 1950s.]]--> | |||
| ] was probably first settled by ] or ] who wanted to colonise the land which they had raided, and for many years they settled in German villages. This is evidenced by the geography and architecture of the fjord. The city of Kiel was founded in 1233 as ''Holstenstadt tom Kyle'' by Count ] of ], and granted ] in 1242 by Adolf's eldest son, ] of Schauenburg. Being a part of Holstein, Kiel belonged to the ] and was situated only a few kilometres south of the ] border.<ref>{{cite web | |||
| | title=A brief history of Kiel | |||
| | work=Kiel - a portrait of the city | publisher=City of Kiel | |||
| | url=http://www.kiel.de/Aemter_01_bis_20/05/City_history/1history.htm | |||
| | accessdate=2007-07-01}}</ref> | |||
| ] | |||
| Kiel, the capital of the county (later duchy) of ], was a member of the ] from 1284 until it was expelled in 1518 for harbouring ]. In 1431, the ''Kieler Umschlag'' (]) was first held, which became the central market for goods and money in Schleswig-Holstein, until it began to lose significance from 1850 on, being held for the last time in 1900, until recently, when it has been restarted. | |||
| === Modern times === | |||
| The ] was founded on 29 September 1665 by ], Duke of ]. A number of important scholars, including ], ], ] and ], studied or taught there. | |||
| ] | |||
| ].]] | |||
| ] and the tower (107 m) of Kiel Town Hall.]] | |||
| From 1773 to 1864, the town belonged to the king of ]. However, because the king ruled Holstein as a fief of the ] only through a ], the town was not incorporated as part of Denmark proper. Thus Kiel belonged to Germany, but it was ruled by the Danish king. Even though the empire was abolished in 1806, the Danish king continued to rule Kiel only through his position as Duke of Holstein, which became a member of the ] in 1815. When ] and Holstein rebelled against Denmark in 1848 (the ]), Kiel became the capital of Schleswig-Holstein until the Danish victory in 1850. | |||
| During the ] in 1864, Kiel and the rest of the duchies of ] and ] were conquered by a ] alliance of the ] and the ]. After the war, Kiel was briefly administered by both the Austrians and the Prussians, but the ] in 1866 led to the formation of the ] and the annexation of Kiel by Prussia in 1867. On 24 March 1865 King ] based Prussia's Baltic Sea fleet in Kiel instead of ]. The ] was established in 1867 in the town. | |||
| When William I of Prussia became Emperor ] of the ] in 1871, he designated Kiel and ] as ''Reichskriegshäfen'' ("Imperial War Harbours"). The prestigious ] was established in 1887 with ] as its patron. Emperor Wilhelm II became its ] in 1891. | |||
| Because of its new role as Germany's main naval base, Kiel very quickly increased in size in the following years, from 18,770 in 1864 to about 200,000 in 1910. Much of the old town centre and other surroundings were levelled and redeveloped to provide for the growing city. The ], opened in 1881, had been enlarged to 10 lines, with a total route length of {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}}, before the end of the ]. | |||
| Kiel was the site of the ] which sparked the German Revolution in late 1918. Just before the end of the First World War, the German fleet stationed at Kiel was ordered to be sent out on a last great battle with the ]. The sailors, who thought of this as a suicide mission which would have no effect on the outcome of the war, decided they had nothing to lose and refused to leave the safety of the port. The sailors' actions and the lack of response of the government to them, fuelled by an increasingly critical view of the Kaiser, sparked a ] which caused the abolition of the monarchy and the creation of the ]. | |||
| {{wide image|Postcard Panorama of Kiel (1902).jpg|1600px|1902, double-postcard panorama of Kiel from across the Kiel Fiord.}} | |||
| ]During the ], Kiel remained one of the major naval bases and shipbuilding centres of the German Reich. There was also a ] ] for the local industry.<ref>{{cite web|author=Victor, Edward|title=Alphabetical List of Camps, Subcamps and Other Camps|url=http://www.edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/List%20of%20Camps.htm|accessdate=2008-07-25|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65dS3RcMI?url=http://www.edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/List%20of%20Camps.htm|archivedate=2012-02-22|df=}}</ref> Because of its status as a naval port and as production site for submarines, Kiel was heavily bombed by the ] during the Second World War. The bombing destroyed more than 80% of the remaining old town, 72% of the central residential areas, and 83% of the industrial areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kiel.de/Aemter_01_bis_20/05/City_history/2history.htm|title=The Navy changed the face of Kiel|publisher=City of Kiel|work=Kiel — a portrait of the city|accessdate=2008-07-25}}</ref> During the RAF bombing of 23/24 July 1944, Luftwaffe fighters tried to intercept the spoof (i.e. decoy) force instead of the main force attacking Kiel,<ref name=Jones>{{cite book |last=Jones |first=R. V. |authorlink=Reginald Victor Jones |year=1978 |title=Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence 1939-1945 |location=London |publisher=Hamish Hamilton |isbn=0-241-89746-7 |page=466}}</ref> and there was no water for three days; trains and buses did not run for eight days and there was no gas available for cooking for three weeks.<ref name=diary> {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070706011932/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/jul44.html |date=2007-07-06 }}, {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070706011932/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/diary.html |date=2007-07-06 }}. Accessed 4 May 2007</ref> There were several bombing raids of the port area during the period 20 February – 20 April 1945 which successfully eliminated many ], and the few large warships (cruisers ], ], and ]) still afloat at that time. Although the town was beyond the stop-line set for the western Allies in the ], it and its port, its scientists, and the canal were seized by a British ] led by Major ] on 5 May 1945.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Living history chronicles |last=Jones |first=Gwilym Thomas |year=2001 |publisher=General Store Publishing House |isbn=1-894263-50-2 |pages=102–104 |url=https://books.google.lk/books?id=w4Yv4RWOXGoC&pg=PA103&lpg=PA103&dq=%22T-Force%22%2BKiel&source=bl&ots=UoBwdJwN4j&sig=2u82SValvyuwGokQgCoaagqXuI4&hl=en&ei=rIqbSo__OYTY7AOLut3bBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2#v=onepage&q=%22T-Force%22%2BKiel&f=false |accessdate=31 August 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217202713/http://books.google.lk/books?id=w4Yv4RWOXGoC&pg=PA103&lpg=PA103&dq=%22T-Force%22+Kiel&source=bl&ots=UoBwdJwN4j&sig=2u82SValvyuwGokQgCoaagqXuI4&hl=en&ei=rIqbSo__OYTY7AOLut3bBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2#v=onepage&q=%22T-Force%22%2BKiel&f=false |archivedate=17 February 2012 |df= }}</ref><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023090459/http://www.arcre.com/archive/wwii/targetforce/tforceh |date=2014-10-23 }} ARCRE—Archive research & document copying</ref> This forestalled capture of the town by the Soviets, whom the Allies expected to advance from Germany to ] in violation of the ].<ref name=EclipseHistoryLearning>{{cite web|url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/operation_eclipse.htm|title=Operation Eclipse|work=History Learning Site}}</ref> | |||
| Just like other heavily bombed German cities, the city was rebuilt after the war. In 1946, Kiel was named the seat of government for ], and it officially became the state's capital in 1952. | |||
| Today, Kiel is once again an important maritime centre of Germany, with high-tech shipbuilding, ] construction and one of the three leading institutions in the field of marine sciences in Europe, the IFM-GEOMAR. Regular ferries to Scandinavia and Lithuania, as well as the largest sailing event in the world called the ] (Kieler Woche) in German and The Kiel Regatta in English. The ''Kieler Umschlag'' is another festival, which has been taking place again since 1975. Kiel is also home to a large service sector and a number of research institutions including the ], which is the oldest, largest, and most prestigious university in the state. | |||
| ==Main sights== | |||
| ], by ]]] | |||
| ] and the Town Hall (''Kieler Rathaus'')]] | |||
| The oldest building in the city is the 13th century ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Nikolaikirche (Kiel)|de}}'' (]' Church), which has a sculpture by ] in front of it called ''Geistkämpfer''. | |||
| Kiel is ]'s largest city, and therefore Kiel's shopping district is a major attraction, and will see further improvement and renovation efforts in the upcoming years. Kiel's ''Holstenstraße'' (Holsten Street) is one of the longest shopping streets in Germany. The '']'' (town hall), which was built in 1911, has an operating ] and the design of its tower was based on one in ]. The square in front of it is bordered by a lake and the ]. There are also a number of lakes and parks in the city centre, e.g. Schrevenpark (Schreven Park). There are two ]s, the ] and ]. | |||
| As Kiel is situated near the sea, the beaches to the north of Kiel such as ], Kiel-Schilksee, ] and ] are also popular places to visit in spring and summer. | |||
| ], more properly known in English as Kiel Regatta, is the largest sailing event in the world and takes place every year in the last full week in June. Many thousands of boats and ships of all kinds and eras take part in the parade. Kiel Week is also a festival, '']'' and fair as well as a maritime event. | |||
| There are a number of yachting and sailing clubs in picturesque settings. | |||
| Kiel also features a number of museums, including zoological, geological, historical, fine art, industrial and military museums. Notable is the Stadt- und Schifffahrtsmuseum Warleberger Hof (City and Maritime Museum), which belongs to the association ''museen am meer''. In addition to preserving architecture from the 16th century and historic rooms with painted stucco ceilings, it displays urban and cultural exhibits of the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref name="Stadtmuseum">, City of Kiel webpage, in German</ref> Particularly intriguing is the history of the carnival in Kiel.<ref name="Stadtmuseum"/> Laboe is home to the ], as well as the ] submarine {{GS|U-995||2}}, which are popular tourist sites. | |||
| <gallery> | |||
| File:Willy Lucas - Die Holstenstraße in Kiel 1917.jpg|Holstenstraße Kiel 1917 ({{Interlanguage link multi|Willy Lucas|de}}) | |||
| File:DBP 1982 1132 Kieler Woche.jpg|Special issue stamp ] 1982 | |||
| File:Ubena von Bremen Kiel2007.jpg|Historic ships at ] | |||
| File:Alter Botanischer Garten Kiel Pavillon.jpg|Old Botanical Garden, Kiel | |||
| File:U995 Laboe.jpg|U995 Laboe | |||
| File:Warleberger Hof Wappen Kiel2008.jpg|Warleberger Hof | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| == Climate == | |||
| Kiel has an oceanic climate (''Cfb'' in the Koeppen climate classification). | |||
| {{Weather box | |||
| |location = Kiel | |||
| |metric first = Yes | |||
| |single line = yes | |||
| |Jan record high C=13.4 | |||
| |Feb record high C=16.0 | |||
| |Mar record high C=21.4 | |||
| |Apr record high C=29.3 | |||
| |May record high C=33.5 | |||
| |Jun record high C=34.4 | |||
| |Jul record high C=34.2 | |||
| |Aug record high C=35.0 | |||
| |Sep record high C=30.1 | |||
| |Oct record high C=25.2 | |||
| |Nov record high C=19.5 | |||
| |Dec record high C=14.8 | |||
| |year record high C= | |||
| |Jan high C= 2 | |||
| |Feb high C= 3 | |||
| |Mar high C= 6 | |||
| |Apr high C= 11 | |||
| |May high C= 16 | |||
| |Jun high C= 20 | |||
| |Jul high C= 21 | |||
| |Aug high C= 21 | |||
| |Sep high C= 18 | |||
| |Oct high C= 13 | |||
| |Nov high C= 8 | |||
| |Dec high C= 4 | |||
| |year high C= | |||
| |Jan mean C = 0.7 | |||
| |Feb mean C = 1.0 | |||
| |Mar mean C = 3.3 | |||
| |Apr mean C = 6.7 | |||
| |May mean C = 11.5 | |||
| |Jun mean C = 15.1 | |||
| |Jul mean C = 16.3 | |||
| |Aug mean C = 16.3 | |||
| |Sep mean C = 13.3 | |||
| |Oct mean C = 9.7 | |||
| |Nov mean C = 5.3 | |||
| |Dec mean C = 2.1 | |||
| |year mean C = | |||
| |Jan low C= −2 | |||
| |Feb low C= −2 | |||
| |Mar low C= 0 | |||
| |Apr low C= 3 | |||
| |May low C= 7 | |||
| |Jun low C= 11 | |||
| |Jul low C= 12 | |||
| |Aug low C= 12 | |||
| |Sep low C= 10 | |||
| |Oct low C= 7 | |||
| |Nov low C= 3 | |||
| |Dec low C= 0 | |||
| |year low C= | |||
| |Jan record low C=-20.8 | |||
| |Feb record low C=-24.8 | |||
| |Mar record low C=-14.5 | |||
| |Apr record low C=-6.9 | |||
| |May record low C=-3.0 | |||
| |Jun record low C=1.6 | |||
| |Jul record low C=4.3 | |||
| |Aug record low C=4.7 | |||
| |Sep record low C=0.6 | |||
| |Oct record low C=-6.2 | |||
| |Nov record low C=-12.0 | |||
| |Dec record low C=-15.1 | |||
| |year record low C= | |||
| |rain colour= green | |||
| |Jan rain mm= 65 | |||
| |Feb rain mm= 40 | |||
| |Mar rain mm= 54 | |||
| |Apr rain mm= 52 | |||
| |May rain mm= 57 | |||
| |Jun rain mm= 69 | |||
| |Jul rain mm= 79 | |||
| |Aug rain mm= 69 | |||
| |Sep rain mm= 66 | |||
| |Oct rain mm= 67 | |||
| |Nov rain mm= 86 | |||
| |Dec rain mm= 74 | |||
| |year rain mm= | |||
| |unit rain days= 1.0 mm | |||
| |Jan rain days= 18 | |||
| |Feb rain days= 15 | |||
| |Mar rain days= 13 | |||
| |Apr rain days= 14 | |||
| |May rain days= 12 | |||
| |Jun rain days= 14 | |||
| |Jul rain days= 15 | |||
| |Aug rain days= 16 | |||
| |Sep rain days= 15 | |||
| |Oct rain days= 17 | |||
| |Nov rain days= 18 | |||
| |Dec rain days= 18 | |||
| |Jan humidity = 87 | |||
| |Feb humidity = 84 | |||
| |Mar humidity = 81 | |||
| |Apr humidity = 77 | |||
| |May humidity = 74 | |||
| |Jun humidity = 74 | |||
| |Jul humidity = 76 | |||
| |Aug humidity = 78 | |||
| |Sep humidity = 81 | |||
| |Oct humidity = 85 | |||
| |Nov humidity = 86 | |||
| |Dec humidity = 87 | |||
| |year humidity = | |||
| |Jan sun = 38.5 | |||
| |Feb sun = 64.4 | |||
| |Mar sun = 106.4 | |||
| |Apr sun = 171.1 | |||
| |May sun = 230.2 | |||
| |Jun sun = 237.1 | |||
| |Jul sun = 218.7 | |||
| |Aug sun = 220.4 | |||
| |Sep sun = 150.5 | |||
| |Oct sun = 102.3 | |||
| |Nov sun = 52.0 | |||
| |Dec sun = 34.9 | |||
| |source = ; ; ; | |||
| }} | |||
| == Economy == | |||
| ].]] | |||
| Kiel's economy is dominated by the service sector, transport and maritime industries. Kiel is also one of the major ports of the ], and a leading centre of German high-tech military and civil shipbuilding. Kiel is the home of ], a ] founded in 1838 famed for its construction of ]. HDW built the first German submarine '']'' in 1850, and is today a subsidiary of ], the leading German group of shipyards. | |||
| === Statistics === | |||
| In 2005, the GDP per person was €35,618, which is well above the national average of ] and 159% of the ] average.<ref name="GDP per person 2005 in Euro"/> | |||
| {| class="wikitable" | |||
| ! style="background: #D8E2EF; color:#000080;" |2005 EUROSTAT<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PGP_PRD_CAT_PREREL/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2008/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2008_MONTH_02/1-12022008-EN-AP.PDF |format=PDF |title=Regional GDP per inhabitant in the EU 27 |publisher=Eurostat |accessdate=2008-08-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216020135/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PGP_PRD_CAT_PREREL/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2008/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2008_MONTH_02/1-12022008-EN-AP.PDF |archivedate=2008-02-16 |df= }}</ref> | |||
| ! style="background: #D8E2EF; color:#000080;" |Nominal GDP per capita | |||
| |- | |||
| | align=left |]Kiel | |||
| | align=right |]35,618 | |||
| |- | |||
| | align=left |{{flag|Schleswig-Holstein}} | |||
| | align=right |€24,250 | |||
| |- | |||
| | align=left |{{flag|Germany}} | |||
| | align=right |€27,219 | |||
| |- | |||
| | align=left |{{flag|European Union|name=EU28}} | |||
| | align=right |€22,400 | |||
| |} | |||
| === Notable companies === | |||
| Some of the most notable companies having branches or their headquarters in Kiel are: | |||
| Ferry operators | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| Military contractors | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] (through their subsidiary ]) | |||
| Engineering and industrial machinery | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] (through their subsidiary ]) | |||
| Others | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| Kiel is also home to several insurances and banks, most notably the ], ], ], ] and ]. | |||
| There is also an active startup scene in Kiel with startup accelerator StarterKitchen and startups like ], Real-Eyes, myBoo, SealMedia, Cliplister, Druckpreis.DE, promotionbasis.de, Yoosello, GetAnEdge, Flowy Apps, fraguru, lokalportal, PianoMotion and ubique art.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Imprint|url = http://real-eyes.eu/contact/?lang=en|website = real-eyes.eu|accessdate = 2015-05-17|first = |last = |publisher = REALEYES GmbH}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Imprint - my Boo|url = http://www.my-boo.com/imprint.html|website = bamboo bike, bikes – Kiel, Germany|accessdate = 2015-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EDGE {{!}} Edge Impressum |url=http://light-instruments.de/edge-impressum/ |website=light-instruments.de |accessdate=2015-05-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518101220/http://light-instruments.de/edge-impressum/ |archivedate=2015-05-18 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Flowy Apps – Imprint|url = https://flowyapps.com/details#imprint|website = flowyapps.com|accessdate = 2015-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=fraguru - the art of questioning our lives |url=http://fraguru.org/ |website=fraguru.org |accessdate=2015-05-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801133603/http://fraguru.org/ |archivedate=2015-08-01 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Mein Ort. Meine Nachbarn. Mein Lokalportal.|url = https://lokalportal.de/impressum|website = Lokalportal|accessdate = 2015-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Impressum {{!}}|url = https://www.pianomotion.com/wordpress/?page_id=14|website = pianomotion.com|accessdate = 2015-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Home {{!}} ubique art - Die Austellung ist überall|url = http://ubique-art.starterkitchen.de/impressum.html|website = ubique-art.starterkitchen.de|accessdate = 2015-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Firmensitze von Deutschen Startups {{!}} Gründerszene|url = http://www.gruenderszene.de/datenbank/orte/andere|website = gruenderszene.de|accessdate = 2015-05-17|trans-title = Headquarter Locations of German Startups {{!}} Gründerszene}}</ref> | |||
| Kiel is home to several media companies, including a branch of the ] producing one radio channel and several local programmes in Kiel, a station of the ], the daily newspaper ] and several smaller local radio channels and magazines. | |||
| == Sport== | |||
| There are a number of sports venues in Kiel, most notably the ] (formerly known as Baltic Sea Hall or ''Ostseehalle''), which is the home ground of one of the most successful ] clubs in the world and multiple German champion, ]. There is currently no ] ] club in Kiel, but ] side ] plays at ]. | |||
| == Education and scientific research == | |||
| The ] (German: Christian-Albrechts-Universität), which was founded by Duke ] in 1665, is with round about 25.000 students the only full university of Schleswig-Holstein. Independent, but partly linked to the University Kiel are other research facilities such as the ] – Leibniz Informationcenter for Economy, the ], the ] and the research institute of the ] for water sound and geophysics. Besides these there are other educational institutions such as the ] (founded in 1969) and the Muthesius School of Arts (founded in 1907). The projects Murmann School of Global Management and Economics and Multimedia Campus Kiel weren’t successful at last. The Wirtschaftsakademie Schleswig-Holstein offers besides advanced training at the Berfusakademie dual study courses for economists, business information specialists and industrial engineers. | |||
| Noteworthy as departmental research institute is the federal institute for dairy research which was merged into the Max-Rubner-Institut together with other institutions in 2004. The state capital Kiel is a corporative sponsoring member of the ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mpg.de/787880/Korporativ_Foerdernde_Mitglieder_MPG.pdf|title=Liste der korporativ fördernden Mitglieder der MPG, PDF|last=|first=|date=2011-01-14|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114111116/http://www.mpg.de/787880/Korporativ_Foerdernde_Mitglieder_MPG.pdf|archive-date=2011-01-14|dead-url=yes|access-date=2017-09-23|df=}}</ref>. | |||
| The ] as eldest building research institution of the republic of Germany has its headquarters in Kiel. | |||
| There are twelve ]<nowiki/>s in Kiel, of which the Kieler Gelehrtenschule, founded in 1320 as a humanistic gymnasium, is the oldest. Other secondary schools are amongst others the Gymnasium Elmschenhagen and the Max-Planck-Schule with a focus on natural sciences and the Ricarda-Huch-Schule with a focus on languages. Furthermore there are many comprehensive schools – partially with secondary schools – all over the city area and private schools, too. | |||
| == Districts == | |||
| ] | |||
| The city districts of Düsternbrook, Schreventeich, Ravensberg and Blücherplatz are popular places to live with many 19th century buildings, villas and tree-lined streets. The government offices, ministries and parliament of the state of ] are also mainly based in these neighbourhoods, particularly Düsternbrook. In contrast to the heavy bomb damage inflicted on the central parts of the city during the ], most of the residential areas were not severely damaged. Hence, Kiel's more modern-style inner city and Kiel's more historic/elaborate residential areas stand in architectural contrast to one another. | |||
| There are plans for large-scale improvement and building efforts for the inner city, providing better pavements, better access to and view of the waterfront, and a generally more attractive feel to the place. These plans, most notably the "Kleiner Kiel Kanal", a restoration of a historic canal that was filled in to make place for road infrastructure, are to be implemented in the next few years.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Kleiner Kiel Kanal|url = http://www.kleiner-kiel-kanal.de/|website = kleiner-kiel-kanal.de|accessdate = 2015-08-27}}</ref> | |||
| ==Transport== | |||
| ] | |||
| Kiel is situated near an important pan-European motorway, the ], which connects northern Europe with central and southern Europe. | |||
| Kiel has a ] with hourly trains to ], ], ], and to ]. Moreover, the '']'' (ICE) connects Kiel with ], ], ] and ]. | |||
| Kiel has public transport through the local company KVG, providing bus service within the city, Autokraft and Verkehrsbetriebe Kreis Plön providing regional bus service, and the Schlepp- und Fährgesellschaft Kiel, providing public transport on the fjord with ferries. | |||
| Kiel also has 8 regional railway stations within the city proper,<ref>Suchsdorf, Kronshagen, Kiel-Hassee CITTI-Park, Kiel-Russee, Melsdorf, Kiel-Schulen am Langsee, Kiel-Elmschenhagen, Raisdorf</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Liniennetzplan Kiel (Public Transport Plan Kiel) |url=http://www.kvg-kiel.de/pdf/2015-02-01_KVG_Liniennetzplan_Kiel.pdf |publisher=KVG Kiel |accessdate=16 May 2015 |ref=transport_plan |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319203556/http://kvg-kiel.de/pdf/2015-02-01_KVG_Liniennetzplan_Kiel.pdf |archivedate=19 March 2015 |df= }}</ref> which are connected with each other, the main railway station Kiel Hbf and other stations by regional trains, which can be used within the boundaries of the city with a normal bus ticket.<ref>{{cite web|title=VRK Tarifzonenplan (Tariff Zone Plan Kiel) |url=http://www.kvg-kiel.de/pdf/2015-02-01_VRK_Tarifzonenplan.pdf |publisher=Verkehrsregion Kiel |accessdate=16 May 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701211811/http://www.kvg-kiel.de/pdf/2015-02-01_VRK_Tarifzonenplan.pdf |archivedate= 1 July 2015 |df= }}</ref> | |||
| Kiel is a significant port for passenger and cargo shipping from Germany to ], the ] and ]. Passenger ferries operate to and from ] in ] (], 13½ hours, daily), ] in ] (], 19½ hours, daily), and ] in ] (], 21 hours, 6 times per week). Cargo ferries operate from and to ] in ] (], twice a week), and ] in ] (NSA, once a week). | |||
| The nearest international airport is ], which is situated approximately {{convert|90|km}} to the south of Kiel. There is a shuttle bus service (''KIELIUS'') operating between Hamburg Airport and Kiel central railway station. There is also an airport at Lübeck. | |||
| == Notable people == | |||
| ] (1728–1762)]] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] (1858–1947), physicist]] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] (1912–2007)]] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| === Up to 1800 === | |||
| * ] (1728–1762) emperor of Russia for six months in 1762 | |||
| * ] (1736–1807), German-Danish philosopher and statistician | |||
| * ] (1757–1823), an Austrian philosopher | |||
| * ] (1777–1867), Danish painter, adherent of ], known for his ] | |||
| * ] (1796–1869), German composer, tenor singer and conductor | |||
| * ] (1798–1848), obstetrician and physician | |||
| === 1800 to 1850 === | |||
| * ] (1809–1889), founder of Howaldtswerke | |||
| * ] (1812–1894), chemist | |||
| * ] (1814–1882), German-born French historical painter and portraitist | |||
| * ] (1835–1910) German classical scholar, a professor of ] | |||
| * ] (1835–1915) German ] and ] | |||
| * ] (1840–1909) German ] and ] | |||
| * ] (1840–1916), German linguist, active in ] | |||
| * ] (1844–1909), German ] and novelist | |||
| * ] (1844–1929) German composer, conductor and teacher | |||
| === 1850 to 1900 === | |||
| * ] (1855–1936), sociologist, philosopher | |||
| * ] (1855–1930), was a US educator and historian at ] | |||
| * ] (1855–1934) was the fourth ] and became ] in 1931 | |||
| * ] (1858–1940) German classical ], wrote about the ] | |||
| * ] (1858–1947), German theoretical physicist whose work on ] won him the ] in 1918 | |||
| * ] (1863–1914) German Protestant ] and ] | |||
| * ] (1871–1928), mathematician, wrote on ] | |||
| * ] (1882–1945), physicist, co-invented the ] in 1928 | |||
| * ] (1888–1931) ] of African wildlife | |||
| * ] (1890–1979) German ] and ] | |||
| * ] (1896–1977), writer and playwright | |||
| * ] (1897–1982), German politician (SPD), ] of ] 1949–1950 | |||
| * ] (1900–1967) German ] | |||
| * ] (1900–1980), actor, writer & collector of songs | |||
| === 1900 to 1910 === | |||
| * ] (1901–2002), inventor, invented the ] | |||
| * ] (1901–1982) German American ], worked on ] | |||
| * ] (1902–1972), national-revolutionary German writer and right-wing ] member | |||
| * ] (1905–1978) a Communist politician, trade unionist and member of the ] against Nazism | |||
| * ] (1905–1979), physicist, co-invented the ] 1928 | |||
| * ] (1906–1995), mathematician, worked on ] | |||
| * ] (1907–1990), ] of ] 1963-1971 | |||
| * ] (1909–1942), Resistance fighter | |||
| * ] (1909–1987), German U-boat (submarine) commander | |||
| * ] (1910–1985) commercial and poster artist in the ] | |||
| * ] (1910–1980) German ] politician | |||
| === 1910 to 1920 === | |||
| * ] (1911–2006), nurse in the Führerbunker | |||
| * ] (1912–2012) German ] known for her ]s designs | |||
| * ] (1912–2004) German Lieutenant-Colonel in the SS | |||
| * ] (1912–2007), physicist, philosopher | |||
| * ] (1912–1984?), SS officer | |||
| * ] (1912–1998), ] commander | |||
| * ] (1913–1991), German optometrist, invented the plastic ] | |||
| * ] (1913–1999), author, made claims of Muslim influence over Western values | |||
| * ] (1914–2007), Waffen-SS knights cross winner | |||
| * ] (1919–2003), fourth head of the ] | |||
| === 1920 to 1950 === | |||
| * ] (1924–2004) American television writer and Broadway ] | |||
| * ] (1926–2015), German-born American actress | |||
| * ] (born 1926), Israeli lawyer and former member of the ] | |||
| * ] (1928–2012) German-born American psychologist and member of the US ] | |||
| * ] (1928–2010), German ] | |||
| * ] (1928–2001), politician (CDU), minister and minister-president | |||
| * ] (1936–2004), mathematician, was a ] | |||
| * ] (born 1937) German anatomist, contributed to the ] of ] and ] | |||
| * ] (born 1939) German operatic mezzo-soprano and contralto | |||
| * ] (born 1941), German-American film and television actor | |||
| * ] (born 1942), actor | |||
| * ] (born 1946), British novelist of Ukrainian origin | |||
| === since 1950 === | |||
| * ] (born 1951), German composer, writes chamber music, orchestral and stage music, uses ] | |||
| * ] (born 1956) is the senior remaining member of the ] | |||
| * ] (born 1957) German psychologist, expert in ] | |||
| * ] (1959–2006) German diplomat | |||
| * ] (born 1960) ] studied ]s using ] | |||
| * ] (Thilo Herrmann) (born 1960), German musician, singer, guitarist and songwriter | |||
| * ] (born 1962), German historian and journalist | |||
| * ] (born 1964), author and playwright | |||
| * ] (born 1967), classical and flamenco guitarist | |||
| * ] (born 1967), painter and ] winner | |||
| * ] (Sylvia Macco) (born 1968), a former nurse turned hip-hop artist | |||
| * ] (born 1974) German design researcher, e.g. on human-computer interaction | |||
| * ] (born 1974), German-Finnish Internet entrepreneur, businessman, musician in Auckland, New Zealand | |||
| * ] (born 1977), German electronic musician and producer | |||
| * ] (born 1978) German mathematician, interests include ], ] and ] | |||
| === Sport === | |||
| * ] (1870–1919) German-American gymnast who competed in the ] | |||
| * ] (1891–1967), chess ] and author | |||
| * ] (1922–2008), field handball player | |||
| * ] (1935–2007) German rower who competed in the ] | |||
| * ] (1938–2002) German sailor, competed in the ], ], and the ] | |||
| * ] (born 1948), ] rider | |||
| * ] (born 1962), footballer, mainly for ] | |||
| * ] (born 1964), won the high jump gold medal at the ] | |||
| * ] (born 1974), footballer, mainly for ] | |||
| * ] (born 1978), footballer, capped 31 times for the ] | |||
| * ] (born 1988), footballer, mainly for ] | |||
| * ] (born 1988), former world No. 1 in women's singles tennis by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) | |||
| ==International relations== | |||
| {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}} | |||
| ===Twin towns – sister cities=== | |||
| Kiel is ] with:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kiel.de/de/kiel_zukunft/kiel_international/index.php|title= Twin cities of Kiel |language=German}}</ref> | |||
| {|class="wikitable" | |||
| |- valign="top" | |||
| | | |||
| *{{flagicon|FRA}} ], France (1964) | |||
| *{{flagicon|UK}} ], United Kingdom (1947)<ref name="Coventry twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/local-news/what-point-coventrys-twin-towns-3038605 |title=Coventry's twin towns |accessdate=2013-08-06 |last=Griffin |first=Mary |date=2011-08-02 |work=Coventry Telegraph |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806032050/http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/local-news/what-point-coventrys-twin-towns-3038605 |archivedate=2013-08-06 |df= }}</ref><ref name="Coventry twins">{{cite web|url=http://www.coventry.gov.uk/directory/25/twin_towns_and_cities|title=Coventry - Twin towns and cities|accessdate = 2013-08-06|work=Coventry City Council.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412062545/http://www.coventry.gov.uk/directory/25/twin_towns_and_cities|archivedate=2013-04-12 }}</ref> | |||
| *{{flagicon|POL}} ], Poland (1985)<ref name="Gdynia twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.gdynia.pl/eng/european/city/international/co-operation/4909_39201.html |title=Gdynia - International Gdynia - International co-operation of Gdynia |first=Net |last=P.C. |date= |work=www.gdynia.pl |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019080249/http://www.gdynia.pl/eng/european/city/international/co-operation/4909_39201.html |archivedate=2016-10-19 |df= }}</ref> | |||
| *{{flagicon|RUS}} ], Russia (1992) | |||
| || | |||
| *{{flagicon|USA}} ], USA (2017) | |||
| *{{flagicon|RUS}} ], Russia (1992) | |||
| *{{flagicon|GER}} ], Germany (1987) | |||
| *{{flagicon|EST}} ], Estonia (1986) | |||
| || | |||
| *{{flagicon|FIN}} ], Finland (1967) | |||
| *{{flagicon|TUR}} ], Turkey (2010) | |||
| *{{flagicon|TUR}} ], Turkey (2012) | |||
| *{{flagicon|TAN}} ], Tanzania (2009) | |||
| |} | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{commons|Kiel}} | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| {{Wikivoyage|Kiel}} | |||
| * | |||
| {{Geographic location | |||
| |Centre = Kiel | |||
| |North = '']'', ] | |||
| |Northeast = '']'', ], ], ] | |||
| |East = ] island, ] | |||
| |Southeast = ] | |||
| |South = ], ], ] | |||
| |Southwest = ], ] | |||
| |West = ] | |||
| |Northwest = ], ] | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany}} | |||
| {{Cities in Germany}} | |||
| {{Hanseatic League}} | |||
| {{Germany districts schleswig-holstein}} | |||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 01:22, 22 February 2018
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