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| '''Azerbaijan''' or '''Azarbaijan''', also '''Iranian Azarbaijan''', '''Iranian Azerbaijan''', or '''Persian Azarbaijan''' (]: آذربایجان ایران; ''Āzārbāijān-e Irān''; ]: آذربایجان), is a ] in northwestern ] and south of the ]. The region is sometimes called ''Southern Azarbaijan'' or ''South Azerbaijan'' (Azarbaijani language: گوني آذربایجان, ''Güney Azərbaycan'') <ref>Encyclopaedia Iranica: "Azerbaijan", viii "Azerbaijan Turkish", Doerfer, G. page 246, ()</ref><ref>Brown, Cameron S. 2002 (Dec.). "Observations from Azerbaijan." ''Middle East Review of International Affairs'': v. 6, no. 4, ()</ref>; some Iranian sources view these names as being motivated by ] nationalism.<ref>Dr. Enayatollah Reza, "Arran: the real name of the Republic Azarbaijan", The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies (CAIS), ()</ref><ref>Dr. Kaveh Farrokh, "Pan-Turanism takes aim at Azarbaijan: A Geopolitical Agenda", ()</ref>. | '''Azerbaijan''' or '''Azarbaijan''', also '''Iranian Azarbaijan''', '''Iranian Azerbaijan''', or '''Persian Azarbaijan''' (]: آذربایجان ایران; ''Āzārbāijān-e Irān''; ]: آذربایجان), is a ] in northwestern ] and south of the ]. The region is sometimes called ''Southern Azarbaijan'' or ''South Azerbaijan'' (Azarbaijani language: گوني آذربایجان, ''Güney Azərbaycan'') <ref>Encyclopaedia Iranica: "Azerbaijan", viii "Azerbaijan Turkish", Doerfer, G. page 246, ()</ref><ref>Brown, Cameron S. 2002 (Dec.). "Observations from Azerbaijan." ''Middle East Review of International Affairs'': v. 6, no. 4, ()</ref>; some Iranian sources view these names as being motivated by ] nationalism.<ref>Dr. Enayatollah Reza, "Arran: the real name of the Republic Azarbaijan", The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies (CAIS), ()</ref><ref>Dr. Kaveh Farrokh, "Pan-Turanism takes aim at Azarbaijan: A Geopolitical Agenda", ()</ref>. | ||
| ==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
| Azarbaijan has an area of |
Azarbaijan has an area of 276,512 square kilometers and a population of about 30 million (estimates vary). The ] make up the second majority of the population in the Iran (about 35% comprising second largest ethnic group afterpersians 45%). Azarbaijan is famous for its great natural beauty. There are 17 rivers and two lakes in the region. Cotton, nuts, textiles, tea, machinery and electrical equpiments are main industries. The northern, ] region, which includes ], is mountainous, with deep valleys and fertile lowlands. | ||
| ==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
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| Iranian Azarbaijan is divided into the provinces of ] (1996 pop. 6,325,540), ] (1996 pop. 4,496,320), ]. (1996 pop. 3,168,011), and :3,555,184]. The chief cities include ] (the capital of East Azarbaijan), ] (the capital of West Azerbaijan), ] (the capital of Ardabil), ], ], ], and ] (Khvoy). The region is bounded in the north by ] and the Republic of Azarbaijan founded in 1922 by spiritual leader Memmed Amin Resulzade and in the West by Lake Urmia and Kurdish-inhabited Areas of Iran. | Iranian Azarbaijan is divided into the provinces of ] (1996 pop. 6,325,540), ] (1996 pop. 4,496,320), ]. (1996 pop. 3,168,011), and :3,555,184]. The chief cities include ] (the capital of East Azarbaijan), ] (the capital of West Azerbaijan), ] (the capital of Ardabil), ], ], ], and ] (Khvoy). The region is bounded in the north by ] and the Republic of Azarbaijan founded in 1922 by spiritual leader Memmed Amin Resulzade and in the West by Lake Urmia and Kurdish-inhabited Areas of Iran. | ||
| offcourse the caspital Tehran establishes by Gajar dynasty is overwhelmingly Azeri city(above 60 percent of its 10 million population are ethnic Azeries). | |||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
Revision as of 10:28, 3 November 2006
- This article is about the region in Iran; for other uses, see Azerbaijan (disambiguation).
Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan, also Iranian Azarbaijan, Iranian Azerbaijan, or Persian Azarbaijan (Persian: آذربایجان ایران; Āzārbāijān-e Irān; Azarbaijani language: آذربایجان), is a region in northwestern Iran and south of the Republic of Azarbaijan. The region is sometimes called Southern Azarbaijan or South Azerbaijan (Azarbaijani language: گوني آذربایجان, Güney Azərbaycan) ; some Iranian sources view these names as being motivated by Azeri nationalism..
Geography
Azarbaijan has an area of 276,512 square kilometers and a population of about 30 million (estimates vary). The Azeris make up the second majority of the population in the Iran (about 35% comprising second largest ethnic group afterpersians 45%). Azarbaijan is famous for its great natural beauty. There are 17 rivers and two lakes in the region. Cotton, nuts, textiles, tea, machinery and electrical equpiments are main industries. The northern, alpine region, which includes Lake Urmia, is mountainous, with deep valleys and fertile lowlands.
Economy
Handicrafts and Agricalture
Grains, fruits, cotton, rice, nuts, and tobacco are grown. Wool, carpets, and metalware are produced.
Industrial
Industries include machine tools, vehchile factories, oil refinery, petrochemical complex, food processing, cement, textiles, electric equipment, and sugar milling. Oil and gas pipelines run through the region.
People
See also: Azeris in IranThe majority of the people of Azarbaijan are Azaris of Iranian stock attested, who are Shi'a Muslims. There are also Armenians, Assyrians, Kurds, Jews, Georgians, and Persians.
A recent study of the genetic landscape of Iran was completed by a team of Cambridge geneticists led by Dr. Maziar Ashrafian Bonab (an Iranian Azarbaijani). Bonab remarked that his group had done extensive DNA testing on different language groups, including Indo-European and non Indo-European speakers, in Iran. The study found that the Azerbaijanis of Iran do have a similar FSt and other genetic markers found in Anatolian and European Turks.
Iranian Azarbaijan is divided into the provinces of East Azarbaijan (1996 pop. 6,325,540), West Azarbaijan (1996 pop. 4,496,320), Ardebil. (1996 pop. 3,168,011), and :3,555,184]. The chief cities include Tabriz (the capital of East Azarbaijan), Urmia (the capital of West Azerbaijan), Ardebil (the capital of Ardabil), Maragheh, Marand, Zanjan, and Khoy (Khvoy). The region is bounded in the north by Armenia and the Republic of Azarbaijan founded in 1922 by spiritual leader Memmed Amin Resulzade and in the West by Lake Urmia and Kurdish-inhabited Areas of Iran. offcourse the caspital Tehran establishes by Gajar dynasty is overwhelmingly Azeri city(above 60 percent of its 10 million population are ethnic Azeries).
History
In ancient times, before the Aryan migration to Iranian Plateau, Azarbaijan was dominated by the Kingdom of Urartu (in Armenia). By the 8th century BC, it had been settled by Medes, and it later formed the province of Media Minor in the Persian Empire. After Alexander the Great conquered Persia, he appointed (328 BC) as governor the Persian general Atropates, who eventually established an independent dynasty. Later, the region, which came to be called Atropatene or Media Atropatene, was much disputed. In the 2nd century BC, it was liberated from Seleucid domination by Mithradates I of Arsacid dynasty, and c. Heraclius, the Byzantine emperor, briefly held the region in the 7th century, just before the Islamic Conquest of Iran; Arab invaders converted most of its people to Islam and made it part of the caliphate.After being conquered by Timur in the 14th century, Tabriz became an important provincial capital of the Timurid empire. It was out of Ardebil (Ancient Artavilla) that the Safavid dynasty arose (c. 1500) to renew the state of Persia. There was fierce fighting between the Ottoman Empire and Persia for Azerbaijan. After brief Ottoman control, Shah Abbas the Great, The etnic Azeri turk,regained control of the region in 1603.
The northern historical provinces of Arran and Shirvan, which today constitute the State of Azarbaijan were ceded to Russia by treaties of 1813 and 1828. Following their expantionist policies, the soviet forces occupied Iranian Azarbaijan in 1941 and created a very short-lived autonomous, Soviet-supported state in May 1946, which was dissoleved after re-unification of Iranian Azerbaijan with Iran in November of the same year. Azeries had ruled in iran abou 1000 years and Azeri turkish is spoken everywher in the country.
Culture
Azarbaijan hails from a rich culture from Azari traditions. Many local dances and folk music continue to survive among the various peoples of the provinces. many elites,poets scientist and sport chamions of iran belongs to Azarbaijan.Examples are Ali Daei(Fifa all time most goalscorers),Hossein Rezazadeh(world,s strongestever man and record keeper of weightlifting),Nizami Ganjli(worldknown poet),Molavi(worldknown poet):They contributed both in Azeri and farsi languages. Azeris sufferd racist treatment by Pahlavi gaovernment about 80 years.Pahlavies an accordance with facist fars politicians tried to ban turkish language in schools and public. Rhe fascist regime collapsed following islamic revoulution in the contry.
- "Azerbaijan" (Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th edition; 2001-05)
- Azerbaijan entries in the Encyclopedia Iranica
- South Azerbaijan by Travel-Images
- Encyclopaedia Iranica: "Azerbaijan", viii "Azerbaijan Turkish", Doerfer, G. page 246, (LINK)
- Brown, Cameron S. 2002 (Dec.). "Observations from Azerbaijan." Middle East Review of International Affairs: v. 6, no. 4, (LINK)
- Dr. Enayatollah Reza, "Arran: the real name of the Republic Azarbaijan", The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies (CAIS), (LINK)
- Dr. Kaveh Farrokh, "Pan-Turanism takes aim at Azarbaijan: A Geopolitical Agenda", (LINK)
- "Maziar Ashrafian Bonab" — Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge (retrieved 9 June 2006)
- "Cambridge Genetic Study of Iran" — ISNA (Iranian Students News Agency), 06-12-2006, news-code: 8503-06068 (retrieved 9 June 2006)