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| '''Bullying culture''' refers to a context in which a pattern of ] ] has become ordinary or routine. Bullying cultures tend to emerge in work places, online, and in schools and can be emotion, physical, and verbal. Bullying culture can be particularly damaging because a group of people may act together to embarrass, threaten or intimidate others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youthbeyondblue.com/understand-what's-going-on/bullying-and-cyberbullying|title=beyondblue|website=www.youthbeyondblue.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref> | |||
| {{cleanup|reason=improve sourcing and tone |date=June 2018}} | |||
| ''BULLYING'' is the context, or venue, in which a pattern of ] is ordinary or routine that can lead into a natural behaviour. Bullying culture encompasses an imbalance of social, physical, emotional or other ] involving a person or group.<ref>Dupper, David R. (2013). .</ref> | |||
| == Bullying in the Workplace and Other Organizations == | |||
| Bullying culture includes daily activities and the way people relate to each other.<ref>Dupper, .</ref> A bullying culture emphasizes a winner/loser way of thinking and, therefore, encourages domination and ].<ref>Lipkins, Susan. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126163728/http://www.realpsychology.com/content/inside-bullying/vulture-culture-how-we-encourage-bullying |date=January 26, 2013 }}; retrieved 2013-2-20.</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | Main articles: ] and ] | ||
| Bullying in ] occurs when employees and managers carry out abusive behavior. The Workplace Bullying Institute, defines workplace bullying as "...repeated, health-harming mistreatment of one or more persons (the targets) by one or more perpetrators".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.workplacebullying.org/individuals/problem/definition/|title=Workplacebullying.org Definition|last=|first=|date=|website=www.workplacebullying.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref> Some of the characteristics of workplace bullying include, but are not limited to humiliation, intimidation, sabotage, verbal abuse, and more. Bullying is prevalent in ] where employees and managers feel that they have the support or implicit blessing of senior managers to carry on their abusive behavior.]] | |||
| ⚫ | == |
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| ⚫ | |||
| Bullying in ] occurs when employees and managers carry out their abusive behavior. New managers identify this form of behavior as acceptable if they see others get away with it. It involves harassing, offending, socially excluding someone or negatively effecting someones work tasks. In order for it to be considered bullying, it has to be a repeated action and done regularly. Bullying may start off as a minor issue but then grow to a major one. It then puts the victim in an inferior position and makes them the submissive in the act <ref>{{Cite book|title=Bullying in Different Context|last=Monks, Coyne|first=Claire, Iain|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=157-160}}</ref>. The effects of bullying can be a domino effect. That means, those targeted offload their own aggression on to others and so on. People tend to do this because they were treated poorly. It is similar to the idea of "do unto others as that which has been done to you”. | |||
| The impact of bullying in the workplace can be highly negative. According to the 2017 ''WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey'', "Bullied individuals pay dearly with the loss of their economic livelihood to stop it. In the absence of legal prohibitions against it, employers are failing to take responsibility for its prevention and correction."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.workplacebullying.org/wbiresearch/wbi-2017-survey/|title=Workplace Bullying Institute Survey 2017|last=|first=|date=|website=www.workplacebullying.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref> | |||
| Bullying is seen to be prevalent in ] where employees and managers feel that they have the support, or implicit blessing of senior managers to carry on their abusive behavior. Furthermore, new managers will quickly come to view this form of behavior as acceptable and normal if they see others get away with it and, eventually, rewarded for it.<ref name="Salin D 2010">Salin D, Helge H “Organizational Causes of Workplace Bullying” in Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace: Developments in Theory, Research, and Practice (2010)</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | == Online Bullying == | ||
| When bullying happens at the highest levels, the effects are far reaching. The notion of people being bullied, irrespective of their organizational status or rank, can result in a negative domino effect. This domino effect is cascaded downwards as those targeted might offload their own aggression onto their subordinates. In such situations, a bullying scenario in the ] threatens the ] of the entire organization.<ref name=Organisational>Helge H, Sheehan MJ, Cooper CL, Einarsen S “Organisational Effects of Workplace Bullying” in Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace: Developments in Theory, Research, and Practice (2010)</ref> | |||
| Online or ] has a broad definition. It is defined as, "...using electronic means to harm intentionally an intended target (victim)".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bonanno|first=Rina A|last2=Hymel|first2=Shelley|date=|title=Cyber Bullying and Internalizing Difficulties: Above and Beyond the Impact of Traditional Forms of Bullying|url=|journal=Journal of Youth and Adolescence|volume=42|pages=|via=ProQuest}}</ref> Cyber bullying is considered different from traditional bullying because of several distinguishing factors. One thing that makes cyber bullying different from traditional bullying is that it is not face to face; cyber bullying can happen anywhere and anytime. Cyber bullying can have a greater impact on the victim than traditional bullying because it is public and anyone can witness it. It is also unique in that material used in cyber bullying "is difficult, if not impossible, to eliminate".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/cyber-bullying-statistics.html|title=Cyber Bullying Statistics|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | == School Bullying == | ||
| ===Culture of fear=== | |||
| Bullying in school usually involves but is not limited to teasing, insulting, tormenting, intimidating, or behaving verbally or physically aggressive toward a victim. Bullying can be carried out by a child or a group of children. The dynamic between the bully and victim causes an imbalance of power, which makes it difficult for the victim to seek help or defend themselves.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://go.galegroup.com/ps/pdfViewer?docId=GALE%7CCX3401000057&userGroupName=oakl49524&inPS=true&contentSegment=&sort=RELEVANCE&prodId=GVRL&searchId=R2&tabID=T003&resultListType=RESULT_LIST¤tPosition=4&searchResultsType=SingleTab&accesslevel=FULLTEXT&c2c=true#content|title=Gale - Product Login|website=go.galegroup.com|access-date=2018-09-12}}</ref> The culture of ] is directly related to the climate of a school's community. A 2002-2009 statistic indicated that "10 percent of middle and high school students have had hate terms used against them, and over one third have seen hateful graffiti messages".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://cultureandyouth.org/bullying/bullying-stats/bullying-statistics/|title=Bullying Statistics - Culture and Youth Studies|date=2014-03-04|work=Culture and Youth Studies|access-date=2018-09-29|language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
| {{Main|Culture of fear}} | |||
| In his book, ''Petty Tyranny in Organizations'', Blake Ashforth discussed the potentially destructive sides of ] and identified a term he referred to as ']. Petty tyrants are leaders who exercise a tyrannical style of management which results in a climate of ] in the workplace.<ref name=ashforth>Ashforth, Blake ''Petty tyranny in organizations '' Human Relations, Vol. 47, No. 7, 755-778 (1994)</ref> Partial or intermittent ] can also create an effective climate of fear and ].<ref name=braiker>{{Cite book|title=Who's Pulling Your Strings ? How to Break The Cycle of Manipulation |first=Harriet B.|last=Braiker |year=2004 |isbn=0-07-144672-9}}</ref> Several studies have confirmed a relationship between bullying, an autocratic style of leadership, and an authoritarian ] management style. ] styles of leadership create a work environment where there is little or no room for dialogue and where complaining is considered futile.<ref name="Salin D 2010"/> | |||
| Although schools may promote positive behavior, in order to eliminate bullying, a school must create a positive setting outside the school and throughout the community. | |||
| In a study of public-sector union members, approximately one in five workers reported to have considered ] the workplace as a result of witnessing bullying in the workplace. Rayner explained these figures by eluding to the presence of fear among employees. This fear caused the employees to report feeling unsafe in work environments, where bullies had "got away with it" previously despite management knowing of the presence of bullying.<ref name=Organisational/> | |||
| == |
== Citations == | ||
| As our society becomes more connected and dependent on technology, the way people communicate with one another changes in accordance to it. Social media outlets such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram have made it increasingly easier to stay in connect with and/or meet new people. With this easy access to connect with anyone at any time, it makes it very easy for some to say hurtful and/or pick on people without ever having to talk with them face-to-face. This is what we call Cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is defined as, “The use of new technologies with the intended purpose of inflicting harm onto others”. It is a growing way of bullying in our society and is most evident in today’s youth. Statistics show that over 43% of kids have been bullied online and that 1 in 4 have had it happen more than once. 68% of teens also agree that cyber bullying is a serious problem in today’s technological society. | |||
| == Online gaming == | |||
| Online gaming has grown in our society drastically. With the help of new electronics and social media platforms, more people are susceptible to online bullying, also known as cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is bullying behavior that involves the use of electronic media, such as cell phones and social media. Now that online gaming is growing, so is online bullying. One study showed that 64% of the online gaming community have been targets of online ] at some point. In fact, 47% have been threatened and subjected to ] and 38% have been victims of hacking. | |||
| ⚫ | == School == | ||
| The culture of ] is directly related to the climate of a school's community. Social interactions, including bullying, do not happen without the presence of particular setting. Although a school may promote positive behavior, in order to eliminate bullying, a school must create a positive setting outside the school and throughout the community. <ref>{{cite web|title=Student Bullying|url=https://bullyingnoway.gov.au/UnderstandingBullying/Documents/role-of-school-culture-and-climate.pdf|website=Bullying. No Way!|publisher=Australia's Safe and Supportive School Communities Working Group|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> ~~ Many Educators know there needs to be a change, but no one knows how to go about it. There have been anti-bullying programs set up in schools, but they are all "trial and error" based. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=Joseph|date=Summer 2015|title=Creating An Anti-Bullying Culture In Secondary Schools: Characterists to Consider When Constructing Appropriate Anti-Bullying Programs.|url=https://libweb.uwlax.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,uid&db=asn&AN=108991090&site=ehost-live&scope=site|journal=American Secondary Education|volume=43|pages=73-83|via=EBSCOhost}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
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| }} | |||
| ==References== | |||
| ] about bullying]]10. Connolly, Ciaran. "Facts About Cyber Bullying" No Bullying Expert Advice On Cyber Bullying School Bullying. Accessed February 10, 2014. <nowiki>http://nobullying.com/facts-about-cyber-bullying/</nowiki> | |||
| 11. Aboujaoude, Elias. “Cyberbullying.” ''Psychology Today'', Sussex Publishers, 11 Jan. 2015, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/compulsive-acts/201501/cyberbullying | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| * at education.com. | |||
| * at jakartaglobe.com. | |||
| * at mlive.com. | |||
| {{Bullying}} | |||
| {{Culture}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 22:43, 29 September 2018
Bullying culture refers to a context in which a pattern of bullying behavior has become ordinary or routine. Bullying cultures tend to emerge in work places, online, and in schools and can be emotion, physical, and verbal. Bullying culture can be particularly damaging because a group of people may act together to embarrass, threaten or intimidate others.
Bullying in the Workplace and Other Organizations
Main articles: Organizational culture and Workplace bullying
Bullying in organizations occurs when employees and managers carry out abusive behavior. The Workplace Bullying Institute, defines workplace bullying as "...repeated, health-harming mistreatment of one or more persons (the targets) by one or more perpetrators". Some of the characteristics of workplace bullying include, but are not limited to humiliation, intimidation, sabotage, verbal abuse, and more. Bullying is prevalent in organizations where employees and managers feel that they have the support or implicit blessing of senior managers to carry on their abusive behavior.
The impact of bullying in the workplace can be highly negative. According to the 2017 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey, "Bullied individuals pay dearly with the loss of their economic livelihood to stop it. In the absence of legal prohibitions against it, employers are failing to take responsibility for its prevention and correction."
Online Bullying
Online or cyber bullying has a broad definition. It is defined as, "...using electronic means to harm intentionally an intended target (victim)". Cyber bullying is considered different from traditional bullying because of several distinguishing factors. One thing that makes cyber bullying different from traditional bullying is that it is not face to face; cyber bullying can happen anywhere and anytime. Cyber bullying can have a greater impact on the victim than traditional bullying because it is public and anyone can witness it. It is also unique in that material used in cyber bullying "is difficult, if not impossible, to eliminate".
School Bullying
Bullying in school usually involves but is not limited to teasing, insulting, tormenting, intimidating, or behaving verbally or physically aggressive toward a victim. Bullying can be carried out by a child or a group of children. The dynamic between the bully and victim causes an imbalance of power, which makes it difficult for the victim to seek help or defend themselves. The culture of bullying in schools is directly related to the climate of a school's community. A 2002-2009 statistic indicated that "10 percent of middle and high school students have had hate terms used against them, and over one third have seen hateful graffiti messages".
Although schools may promote positive behavior, in order to eliminate bullying, a school must create a positive setting outside the school and throughout the community.
Citations
- "beyondblue". www.youthbeyondblue.com. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
- "Workplacebullying.org Definition". www.workplacebullying.org. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - "Workplace Bullying Institute Survey 2017". www.workplacebullying.org. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - Bonanno, Rina A; Hymel, Shelley. "Cyber Bullying and Internalizing Difficulties: Above and Beyond the Impact of Traditional Forms of Bullying". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 42 – via ProQuest.
- "Cyber Bullying Statistics".
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - "Gale - Product Login". go.galegroup.com. Retrieved 2018-09-12.
- "Bullying Statistics - Culture and Youth Studies". Culture and Youth Studies. 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2018-09-29.