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Further energy can be produced by the combustion of the ] which may be classified as a ]. Further energy can be produced by the combustion of the ] which may be classified as a ].


==Principle procedure==


'''Biogas production'''

* 1 Preparing the biomass
* 2 Mixing
* 3 Digester/fermenter (Heating 40-90 °C)

'''Gas input'''

* 4 Raw biogas input 40 °C
* 5 Liquid gas Separator → condensates
* 6 Gas dryer (refridge) 4 °C → condensates
* 7 ] about 400]
* 8 Gas filter (cleaning of dust particles, less then 5 parts per billion by mass of siloxanes)
* 9 Gas heating (minimum about 10 °C)

'''Gas combustion → thermal energy'''

* 10 Gas turbine exhaust output 300 to 400 °C
* 11 Generator → electric energy

'''Exhaust output → heat exchange '''

* 12 ] heat recovery steam generation
* 13 Heat exchanger for hot water

] might be present in the biogas and must be removed prior to input in the gas engines as it erodes moving parts. ] may also be produced in the process if there are high levels of ] in the biogas. The exhaust gas must be cleaned up as sulphur dioxide is toxic.

===Plant engines ===

* Gas motor engines
* Micro–gas turbines
* ]
* ]

=== Plant types ===

Plant type depends on the type of biogas and usage of energy.

* ] combined heat & power or HRSG
* ] combined cooling heat & power

=== Plant sizes ===

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"
! Size
! Power
! Plant Size
|-
| Small
| 500W to 5 kW
| 10 m²
|-
| Medium
| 5 kW to 75 kW
| 15 to 100 m²
|-
| Large
| 75 kW to 4MW
| 1 km²
|-
|}

The plant can also be segmented including ]s and ]s.


== See also == == See also ==

Revision as of 14:24, 7 November 2006

Environmental technology
General
Pollution
Sustainable energy
Conservation

A biogas powerplant is a system where biogas is used to generate electricity. The gas which is produced via anaerobic digestion is used to drive an electricity generator. By-products of this process are steam and hot water. The hot water can be recycled in a combined heat and power cycle to increase the temperature of the digesters to optimal conditions.


The more complex and efficient a biogas plant the more expensive it will be for the locality. Biogas plants can be simplified to produce gas for villages in countries where organic wastes are available and funds are limited. Alternatively, in more developed countries pressure in the form of legislation and high energy costs is increasing the amount of projects generating renewable energy from waste.

Biogas plants can be found in countries such as India, China, Philippines, Germany, Austria and Turkey.

Advanced processing systems can recover the organic fraction mixed waste streams. These systems are a subgroup of mechanical biological treatment plants. They sort the recyclable elements of the waste and process the organic fraction into a high surface area low solids soup which are then passed into a biogas power plant (anaerobic digester). Advanced systems like this can be found in Israel.. (ArrowBio) and Australia and are being widely considered in Europe to meet the EU Landfill Directive.

Further energy can be produced by the combustion of the digestate which may be classified as a biofuel.


See also

External links

References

  1. ArrowBio Process Finstein, M. S., Zadik, Y., Marshall, A. T. & Brody, D. (2004) The ArrowBio Process for Mixed Municipal Solid Waste – Responses to “Requests for Information”, Proceedings for Biodegradable and Residual Waste Management, Proceedings. (Eds. E. K. Papadimitriou & E. I. Stentiford), Technology and Service Providers Forum, p. 407-413

Education

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