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==Biography== ==Biography==
Connolley holds a ] in mathematics and D. Phil. from the ] for his work on ].<ref></ref> Connolley has published many articles in the field of ], and it is his view that there is a ] (exemplified by ) in the scientific community about ] topics such as ]; and believes that the various reports from the ] (IPCC) summarise this consensus. Connolley has published many articles in the field of ], and it is his view that there is a ] (exemplified by ) in the scientific community about ] topics such as ]; and believes that the various reports from the ] (IPCC) summarise this consensus.

Connolley serves as a parish councillor in the village of ] (near Cambridge, England)<ref></ref> , and has stood as a ] candidate for either ] District Council or ] County Council in the years from 2001 to 2005.<ref></ref>


===Sea ice=== ===Sea ice===
One of Connolley's current research interests is ], its observations and modelling, in ]s (GCM), especially the ] GCM. Around Antarctica, direct observations of sea ice are sparse, and even the most easily observable quantity, ice fraction, is not directly available; satellite ] (SSMI) based observations are used instead. However, different ]s produce somewhat different results, sufficiently so that verification of GCM output becomes difficult. Hence he has studied the validation of the SSMI products against more direct observations from ] observations in the ] area. In his investigation, the results indicate the Bootstrap product appears to "''fit better''" than the ] Team product, and is it indicated by Connolley that the GCM results are more realistic than previous results . One of Connolley's current research interests is ], its observations and modelling, in ]s (GCM), especially the ] GCM. Around Antarctica, direct observations of sea ice are sparse, and even the most easily observable quantity, ice fraction, is not directly available; satellite ] (SSMI) based observations are used instead. However, different ]s produce somewhat different results, sufficiently so that verification of GCM output becomes difficult. Hence he has studied the validation of the SSMI products against more direct observations from ] observations in the ] area. In his investigation, the results indicate the Bootstrap product appears to "''fit better''" than the ] Team product, and is it indicated by Connolley that the GCM results are more realistic than previous results .

=== Internet activities ===
Connolley has long had an interest in confronting the notion that "all scientists were predicting an ice age in the ]" (known as ]). Connolley maintains a webpage analysing papers relevant to this issue. He actively posts to newsgroups such as ], writes for ], maintains a personal blog, and contributes to ]. According to Connolley, his activities in various outlets are to support his belief that scientists can and should participate in the public understanding of science.


== Publications == == Publications ==

Revision as of 23:20, 7 November 2006

2000/06 near Lescun

William Michael Connolley (April 12, 1964 - ) is a climate modeller. Connolley is a Senior Scientific Officer in the Physical Sciences Division in the Antarctic Climate and the Earth System project at the British Antarctic Survey.

Biography

Connolley has published many articles in the field of climatological research, and it is his view that there is a consensus (exemplified by Just what is this Consensus anyway?) in the scientific community about climate change topics such as global warming; and believes that the various reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) summarise this consensus.

Sea ice

One of Connolley's current research interests is sea ice, its observations and modelling, in Global climate models (GCM), especially the HadCM3 GCM. Around Antarctica, direct observations of sea ice are sparse, and even the most easily observable quantity, ice fraction, is not directly available; satellite Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSMI) based observations are used instead. However, different algorithms produce somewhat different results, sufficiently so that verification of GCM output becomes difficult. Hence he has studied the validation of the SSMI products against more direct observations from upward looking sonar observations in the Weddell Sea area. In his investigation, the results indicate the Bootstrap product appears to "fit better" than the NASA Team product, and is it indicated by Connolley that the GCM results are more realistic than previous results .

Publications

  • Connolley, W. M. Sea ice concentrations in the Weddell Sea: A comparison of SSM/I, ULS, and GCM data. GRL 32 (7): art. no. L07501 2 April 2005; see also Sea ice: What I do in my spare time for a popular exposition
  • Connolley, W.M., J.M. Gregory, E. Hunke and A.J. Mclaren (2004), On The Consistent Scaling Of Terms In The Sea - Ice Dynamics Equation, J . Phys . Oceangr. 34 (7): 1776-1780 July 2004
  • Marshall, G.J., P.A. Stott, J. Turner, W.M. Connolley, J.C. King and T.A. Lachlancope (2004), Causes Of Exceptional Atmospheric Circulation Changes In The Southern Hemisphere, Geophys. Res. Lett. 31(14): Art . No. L14205 July 30 2004
  • J. C. King, J. Turner, G. J. Marshall, W. M. Connolley, and T. A. Lachlan-Cope. Antarctic Peninsula climate variability and its causes as revealed by instrumental records. Antarctic Research Series v79, pp17-30.
  • J. Turner, S. A. Harangozo, J. C. King, W. Connolley, T. Lachlan-Cope, and G. J. Marshall. 2003. An exceptional winter sea ice retreat/advance in the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica. Atmos. Ocean 41 (2) 2003, 171-185.
  • D. G. Vaughan, G. J. Marshall, W. M. Connolley, C. L. Parkinson, R. Mulvaney, D. A. Hodgson, J. C. King, C. J. Pudsey, and J. Turner. Recent rapid regional climate warming on the Antarctic Peninsula. Climatic Change, 60 (3): 243-274 October 2003
  • Translation of Fourier 1827: MEMOIRE sur les temperatures du globe terrestre et des espaces planetaires
  • Connolley, W. M., 2002, Long-term variation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave, Connolley, W. M., doi:10.1029/2000JC000380, JGR 108(C4)
  • Vaughan, D.G., G.J. Marshall, W.M. Connolley, J.C. King and R. Mulvaney. 2001. Climate change - devil in the detail. Science, 293, 1777-1779. Abstract: 7 September 2001
  • Tom A. Lachlan-Cope, William M. Connolley, and John Turner, The Role of the Non-Axisymmetric Antarctic Orography in Forcing the Observed Pattern of Variability of the Antarctic Climate, Geophysical Research Letters, 2001, v28 no 21, pp 4111-4114.
  • W. M. Connolley and S. A. Harangozo, A comparison of five numerical weather prediction analysis climatologies in southern high latitudes, J. Climate, v14, 1 January 2001, pp 30-44.
  • Turner, J, W Connolley, D Cresswell and S A Harangozo (2001). The simulation of Antarctic sea ice in the Hadley Centre climate model (HadCM3). Ann. Glaciol., 33, 585-591.

External articles

Notes

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