Obsolete Finnish units of measurement: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 02:57, 11 November 2006 editRhialto (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users3,872 editsm →Length ← Previous edit		Revision as of 03:00, 11 November 2006 edit undoRhialto (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users3,872 edits →Volume Next edit →
Line 154:		Line 154:
	\|align=left\| ~8.18 ml		\|align=left\| ~8.18 ml
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~1/4 of ''kortteli''.~~		\|align=right\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''kortteli''		\|align=center\| ''kortteli''
Line 160:		Line 160:
	\|align=left\| ~327.15 ml		\|align=left\| ~327.15 ml
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| Used for both length (14.845 cm, same as ''vaaksa'') and volume ~~(327.15 ml)~~. Name derives from Swedish ''kvartdel'', meaning "quarter". As unit of length 1/4 of ''kyynärä''.		\|align=right\| Used for both length (14.845 cm, same as ''vaaksa'') and volume. Name derives from Swedish ''kvartdel'', meaning "quarter". As unit of length 1/4 of ''kyynärä''.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''tuoppi''		\|align=center\| ''tuoppi''
Line 166:		Line 166:
	\|align=left\| ~1.3274 L		\|align=left\| ~1.3274 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~1/2 of ''kannu''.~~		\|align=right\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''kannu''		\|align=center\| ''kannu''
Line 172:		Line 172:
	\|align=left\| ~2.6172 L		\|align=left\| ~2.6172 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~1/2 of ''kappa''.~~ Also called ''pikkukappa'' (exactly 2.5 L).		\|align=right\| Also called ''pikkukappa'' (exactly 2.5 L).
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''kappa''		\|align=center\| ''kappa''
Line 184:		Line 184:
	\|align=left\| ~43.986 L		\|align=left\| ~43.986 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~8 ''kappa''.~~ Used for dry measure.		\|align=right\| Used for dry measure.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''panni''		\|align=center\| ''panni''
Line 190:		Line 190:
	\|align=left\| ~87.96 L		\|align=left\| ~87.96 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~2 ''nelikko'' and 1/2 ''tynnyri''.~~ Used for dry measure.		\|align=right\| Used for dry measure.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''tynnyri''		\|align=center\| ''tynnyri''
Line 196:		Line 196:
	\|align=left\| ~175 L		\|align=left\| ~175 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~32 ''kappa''.~~ Barrel for dry measure.		\|align=right\| Barrel for dry measure.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''lästi''		\|align=center\| ''lästi''
Line 202:		Line 202:
	\|align=left\| ~2110 L		\|align=left\| ~2110 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~12 ''tynnyri''~~ for dry measure.		\|align=right\| Used for dry measure.
	\|}		\|}

Line 220:		Line 220:
	\|align=left\| ~8.18 ml		\|align=left\| ~8.18 ml
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~1/4 of ''kortteli''.~~		\|align=right\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''kortteli''		\|align=center\| ''kortteli''
Line 226:		Line 226:
	\|align=left\| ~327.15 ml		\|align=left\| ~327.15 ml
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| Used for both length (14.845 cm, same as ''vaaksa'') and volume ~~(327.15 ml)~~. Name derives from Swedish ''kvartdel'', meaning "quarter". As unit of length 1/4 of ''kyynärä''.		\|align=right\| Used for both length (14.845 cm, same as ''vaaksa'') and volume. Name derives from Swedish ''kvartdel'', meaning "quarter". As unit of length 1/4 of ''kyynärä''.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''tuoppi''		\|align=center\| ''tuoppi''
Line 232:		Line 232:
	\|align=left\| ~1.3274 L		\|align=left\| ~1.3274 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~1/2 of ''kannu''.~~		\|align=right\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''kannu''		\|align=center\| ''kannu''
Line 238:		Line 238:
	\|align=left\| ~2.6172 L		\|align=left\| ~2.6172 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~1/2 of ''kappa''.~~ Also called ''pikkukappa'' (exactly 2.5 L).		\|align=right\| Also called ''pikkukappa'' (exactly 2.5 L).
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''kappa''		\|align=center\| ''kappa''
Line 250:		Line 250:
	\|align=left\| ~39.26 L		\|align=left\| ~39.26 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~15 ''kannu''.~~ Used for liquid measure.		\|align=right\| Used for liquid measure.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''tynnyri''		\|align=center\| ''tynnyri''
Line 256:		Line 256:
	\|align=left\| ~125.6 L		\|align=left\| ~125.6 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~48 ''kannu''.~~ Barrel for liquid measure.		\|align=right\| Barrel for liquid measure.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''lästi''		\|align=center\| ''lästi''
Line 262:		Line 262:
	\|align=left\| ~1507 L		\|align=left\| ~1507 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~12 ''tynnyri''~~ for liquid measure.		\|align=right\| Used for liquid measure.
	\|}		\|}

Revision as of 03:00, 11 November 2006

In Finland, approximate units of measure derived from body parts and were used for a long time, some being later standardised for the purpose of commerce. Some Swedish, and later some Russian units have also been used.

The measurements were first standardized in the law of 1665 and revised 1735. Before that, the measurements varied from town to town. The units used in town of Porvoo were unusually large; the proverb mitata Porvoon mitalla (to measure in Porvoo units) means to measure in excess or generously.

Certain units were standardized to Metric in 1861; Finland converted fully to Metric system 1880.

Length

Table of length units
Unit	Relative value	Metric value	Imperial value	Notes
linja	1/144	~2.06 mm		The width of barleycorn, 1/12th of tuuma
tuuma	1/12	~24.74 mm		The width of tumb. Metrinen tuuma = 25 mm.
vaaksa	1/2	~148.44 mm		The distance between the tips of little finger and thumb, when the fingers are fully extended. Today defined as 150 mm.
jalka	1	~296.9 mm		The length of human foot.
kyynärä	2	~593.76 mm		The distance from the elbow to the fingertips. Metrinen kyynärä = 500 mm.
syli	6	~1.8 m		Fathom; the distance between the fingertips of both hands when the arms are raised horizontally on the sides. In maritime, syli is 1/1000th of nautical mile (1.852 m).
vakomitta	120	~213.6 m		The furrow's length on field.
virsta	600	~1068.84 m		2672 m (Swedish) 1068.84 m (Finnish).
peninkulma (old)	3000	~5344.2 m		Before 1600 5 virsta; after 1600 10 virsta. The distance a barking dog can be heard in still air.
peninkulma (new)	6000	~10.6884 km		Before 1600 5 virsta; after 1600 10 virsta. The distance a barking dog can be heard in still air.
päivämatka	12,000	~20 km		The distance of one day's travel.

Area

Table of area units
Unit	Relative value	Metric value	Imperial value	Notes
kannunala		~88.15 m²		1000 square jalka.
kapanala		~154 m²		1/32 of tynnyrinala. The area (of field) that could be sown with one bushel of grain.
panninala		~2464 m²		16 kapanala, 1/2 of tynnyrinala. The area (of field) that could be sown with one panni of grain.
tynnyrinala		~4936.5 m²		The area (of field) that could be sown with one barrel of grain.
äyrityisenmaa				3,926 square kyynärä. The area which grows grain worth of one äyrityinen for taxation.
äyrinmaa				11,777 square kyynärä. The area which grows grain worth of one äyri for taxation.
penninginmaa				490,790 square kyynärä. The area which grows grain worth of one penninki for taxation.

Volume

Dry measure

Table of volume (dry) units
Unit	Relative value	Metric value	Imperial value	Notes
jumpru	1/16	~8.18 ml
kortteli	1/4	~327.15 ml		Used for both length (14.845 cm, same as vaaksa) and volume. Name derives from Swedish kvartdel, meaning "quarter". As unit of length 1/4 of kyynärä.
tuoppi	1	~1.3274 L
kannu	2	~2.6172 L		Also called pikkukappa (exactly 2.5 L).
kappa	4	~5.4961 L		Still in use (as exactly 5 liters) as kappa or isokappa at market places to measure potatoes.
nelikko	32	~43.986 L		Used for dry measure.
panni	64	~87.96 L		Used for dry measure.
tynnyri	128	~175 L		Barrel for dry measure.
lästi	1536	~2110 L		Used for dry measure.

Liquid measure

Table of volume (dry) units
Unit	Relative value	Metric value	Imperial value	Notes
jumpru	1/16	~8.18 ml
kortteli	1/4	~327.15 ml		Used for both length (14.845 cm, same as vaaksa) and volume. Name derives from Swedish kvartdel, meaning "quarter". As unit of length 1/4 of kyynärä.
tuoppi	1	~1.3274 L
kannu	2	~2.6172 L		Also called pikkukappa (exactly 2.5 L).
kappa	4	~5.4961 L		Still in use (as exactly 5 liters) as kappa or isokappa at market places to measure potatoes.
ankkuri	30	~39.26 L		Used for liquid measure.
tynnyri	96	~125.6 L		Barrel for liquid measure.
lästi	1152	~1507 L		Used for liquid measure.

Mass

Table of mass units
Unit	Relative value	Metric value	Imperial value	Notes
luoti	1/16	~13.95 g		The weight of a musket ball.
unssi	1/8	~27.9 g
markka	1	~213.8 g		Name of the Finnish monetary unit 1861-2002
naula	2	~425.6 g		metrinen naula = 500 g
leiviskä	40	~8.5004 kg		metrinen leiviskä = 10 kg
sentneri	200	~42.56 kg		1 Senttaali = 200 metrinen naula = 100 kg.
kippunta	800	~170 kg

Maritime units

meripeninkulma – 1852 m. Same as nautical mile. One angular minute at equator.
kaapelinmitta – 185.2 m. 1/10 of a nautical mile.
syli – 1.852 m. 1/1000 of a nautical mile. Seldom used.
solmu – nautical miles per hour. Speed unit.

Obsolete:

merisekunti* – 30.8666 m. 1/60 of nautical mile
meritertia* – 0.51444 m. 1/3600 of nautical mile

Miscellaneous

kivenheitto (Throw of a rock) – 100 kyynärä (approx 50 m). Today to describe something to be very near.
poronkusema – (approximately 7.5 km). A Lappish measurement of distance; the distance between the reindeer needs to urinate. Today used to describe something that is at a very obscure distance away. Poronkusemaa kuukaudessa furlongs per fortnight
tusina 12
toltti 12 (lumber)
tiu 20 (eggs)
buntta 20 (matchboxes)
kerpo 31 (lampreys; 30 as a bunch and one for tying)
krossi 144 (pencils)
kiihtelys 40 (squirrel pelts)
riisi 500 (paper sheets)
tonni 1000 (usually refers to 1000 kg, but can refer also anything of 1000, especially money)
motti 1 m³ (firewood or waste paper)
valovuosi (light year) to describe something is extremely distant or unaccessible

External link

Scandinavian units

Categories:

Revision as of 02:57, 11 November 2006 editRhialto (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users3,872 editsm →Length ← Previous edit		Revision as of 03:00, 11 November 2006 edit undoRhialto (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users3,872 edits →Volume Next edit →
Line 154:		Line 154:
	\|align=left\| ~8.18 ml		\|align=left\| ~8.18 ml
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~1/4 of ''kortteli''.~~		\|align=right\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''kortteli''		\|align=center\| ''kortteli''
Line 160:		Line 160:
	\|align=left\| ~327.15 ml		\|align=left\| ~327.15 ml
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| Used for both length (14.845 cm, same as ''vaaksa'') and volume ~~(327.15 ml)~~. Name derives from Swedish ''kvartdel'', meaning "quarter". As unit of length 1/4 of ''kyynärä''.		\|align=right\| Used for both length (14.845 cm, same as ''vaaksa'') and volume. Name derives from Swedish ''kvartdel'', meaning "quarter". As unit of length 1/4 of ''kyynärä''.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''tuoppi''		\|align=center\| ''tuoppi''
Line 166:		Line 166:
	\|align=left\| ~1.3274 L		\|align=left\| ~1.3274 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~1/2 of ''kannu''.~~		\|align=right\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''kannu''		\|align=center\| ''kannu''
Line 172:		Line 172:
	\|align=left\| ~2.6172 L		\|align=left\| ~2.6172 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~1/2 of ''kappa''.~~ Also called ''pikkukappa'' (exactly 2.5 L).		\|align=right\| Also called ''pikkukappa'' (exactly 2.5 L).
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''kappa''		\|align=center\| ''kappa''
Line 184:		Line 184:
	\|align=left\| ~43.986 L		\|align=left\| ~43.986 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~8 ''kappa''.~~ Used for dry measure.		\|align=right\| Used for dry measure.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''panni''		\|align=center\| ''panni''
Line 190:		Line 190:
	\|align=left\| ~87.96 L		\|align=left\| ~87.96 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~2 ''nelikko'' and 1/2 ''tynnyri''.~~ Used for dry measure.		\|align=right\| Used for dry measure.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''tynnyri''		\|align=center\| ''tynnyri''
Line 196:		Line 196:
	\|align=left\| ~175 L		\|align=left\| ~175 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~32 ''kappa''.~~ Barrel for dry measure.		\|align=right\| Barrel for dry measure.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''lästi''		\|align=center\| ''lästi''
Line 202:		Line 202:
	\|align=left\| ~2110 L		\|align=left\| ~2110 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~12 ''tynnyri''~~ for dry measure.		\|align=right\| Used for dry measure.
	\|}		\|}

Line 220:		Line 220:
	\|align=left\| ~8.18 ml		\|align=left\| ~8.18 ml
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~1/4 of ''kortteli''.~~		\|align=right\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''kortteli''		\|align=center\| ''kortteli''
Line 226:		Line 226:
	\|align=left\| ~327.15 ml		\|align=left\| ~327.15 ml
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| Used for both length (14.845 cm, same as ''vaaksa'') and volume ~~(327.15 ml)~~. Name derives from Swedish ''kvartdel'', meaning "quarter". As unit of length 1/4 of ''kyynärä''.		\|align=right\| Used for both length (14.845 cm, same as ''vaaksa'') and volume. Name derives from Swedish ''kvartdel'', meaning "quarter". As unit of length 1/4 of ''kyynärä''.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''tuoppi''		\|align=center\| ''tuoppi''
Line 232:		Line 232:
	\|align=left\| ~1.3274 L		\|align=left\| ~1.3274 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~1/2 of ''kannu''.~~		\|align=right\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''kannu''		\|align=center\| ''kannu''
Line 238:		Line 238:
	\|align=left\| ~2.6172 L		\|align=left\| ~2.6172 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~1/2 of ''kappa''.~~ Also called ''pikkukappa'' (exactly 2.5 L).		\|align=right\| Also called ''pikkukappa'' (exactly 2.5 L).
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''kappa''		\|align=center\| ''kappa''
Line 250:		Line 250:
	\|align=left\| ~39.26 L		\|align=left\| ~39.26 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~15 ''kannu''.~~ Used for liquid measure.		\|align=right\| Used for liquid measure.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''tynnyri''		\|align=center\| ''tynnyri''
Line 256:		Line 256:
	\|align=left\| ~125.6 L		\|align=left\| ~125.6 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~48 ''kannu''.~~ Barrel for liquid measure.		\|align=right\| Barrel for liquid measure.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align=center\| ''lästi''		\|align=center\| ''lästi''
Line 262:		Line 262:
	\|align=left\| ~1507 L		\|align=left\| ~1507 L
	\|align=left\|		\|align=left\|
	\|align=right\| ~~12 ''tynnyri''~~ for liquid measure.		\|align=right\| Used for liquid measure.
	\|}		\|}

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