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| ]'', a French variation on apple pie]] | ]'', a French variation on apple pie]] | ||
| It is, on occasion, served with ] or ] on top, (which is known as apple pie a la mode), or with ].<ref name=Atlas>{{cite news |last1=Waters |first1=Michael |title=The Long, Storied Controversy Over Cheese on Apple Pie |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/cheese-apple-pie |accessdate=11 June 2018 |work=Atlas Obscura |date=July 13, 2017}}</ref> The pastry is generally used top-and-bottom, making it a double-crust pie; the upper crust may be a circular or a pastry lattice woven of crosswise strips. Depending on the baker's preference, the bottom of the double-crust may be baked first (before baking the whole pie) to prevent the bottom from getting soggy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factslegend.org/20-facts-apple-pie/|title=20 Interesting Facts About Apple Pie|website=factslegend.org}}</ref> Exceptions are deep-dish apple pie, with a top crust only, and open-face ]. Apple pie is an unofficial ] and one of its signature ].<ref name=Pinch /> | |||
| ==Ingredients== | ==Ingredients== | ||
| Apple pie can be made with many different sorts of apples. The more popular cooking apples include, ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Best Apples for Apple Pie|url = http://www.stemilt.com/blog/tips/best-apples-for-apple-pie/|website = Farm Blog {{!}} The Stemilt Blog|date = 2015-09-28|accessdate = 2015-12-21}}</ref> The fruit for the pie can be fresh, canned, or reconstituted from ]s. These different types of apples (canned, dried, fresh) affects the final texture and the length of cooking time required will vary, therefore people disagree{{citation needed|date=February 2016}} on if it affects the flavour or not. Dried or preserved apples were originally substituted only at times when fresh ] was unavailable. Along with the apples people commonly use, cinnamon, salt, butter, and most importantly sugar.<ref name="foodnetwork.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/food-network-kitchens/apple-pie-recipe.html|title=Apple Pie|website=Food Network}}</ref> Though most of the old recipes don't include sugar due to the price or having a better sweetener option, most people definitely use it today.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfile.org/7-facts-about-apple-pie|title=7 Facts about Apple Pie|publisher=}}</ref> | |||
| Apple pie is often served in the style of ''"]"'' (topped with ]). Alternatively, a piece of ] cheese is, at times, placed on top of or alongside a slice of the finished pie.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.thekitchn.com/an-apple-pie-without-the-chees-99573|title=An apple pie without the cheese |publisher= 2012 Apartment Therapy |accessdate=2012-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ochef.com/r125.htm | title = Apple Pie | publisher = OChef | accessdate = 2012-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hungermountain.coop/OurCommunity/News/tabid/148/entryid/177/Default.aspx | title = Product Highlight: Apple Pie, Sharp Cheddar, and A Nice Cup of Coffee | publisher= Hunger Mountain Coop | accessdate = 2012-04-07}}</ref> Apple pie with cheddar is popular in the ] and ], particularly in ], where it is considered the ].<ref name=Atlas /> | |||
| ==Dutch style== | |||
| Recipes for Dutch apple pie go back to the ]. An early Dutch ] from 1514, ''Een notabel boecxken van cokeryen'' ("A notable little cookery book"),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kookhistorie.nl/NBC/index_nbc.htm |title=Home Notabel Boecxken van Cokeryen door Thomas vander Noot (1514) |publisher=Kookhistorie.nl |date=2002-08-13 |accessdate=2013-11-05}}</ref> documents a recipe for ''Appeltaerten'' (compare modern Dutch ] "apple pies"). This early recipe was a simple one, requiring only a standard pie crust, slices of especially soft apples with their skin and seeds removed, and ''den selven deeghe daer die taerte af ghemaect es'' (roughly meaning "the same dough that the pie is made of") to fill in the top. It was then baked in a typical ]. Once baked, the top crust (except at the edges) would be cut out from the middle, after which the apple slices were potentially put through a ] before the pie was stirred with a wooden spoon. At this point the book recommends adding several ]s to the pie, namely: ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. Finally, after mixing the ingredients into the pie with ], it is once again put into the oven to dry.<ref>, ''''</ref> | |||
| Traditional ] apple pie comes in two varieties, a crumb (''appelkruimeltaart'') and a lattice (''appeltaart'') style pie. Both recipes are distinct in that they typically call for flavourings of ] and ] to be added and differ in texture, not taste.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.recipestap.com/more-apple-cakes-hollandse-appeltaart-aka-dutch-apple-tart |title=Recipe: More apple cakes: Hollandse appeltaart aka Dutch Apple Tart |publisher=Recipes Tap |date= |accessdate=2013-11-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012012659/http://www.recipestap.com/more-apple-cakes-hollandse-appeltaart-aka-dutch-apple-tart |archivedate=12 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stemilt.com/stem-blog/dutch-apple-pie/|title=Dutch Apple Pie {{!}} Stemilt|date=2016-10-17|newspaper=Stemilt|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-15}}</ref> Dutch apple pies may include ingredients such as full-cream butter, raisins and ], in addition to ingredients such as apples and sugar, which they have in common with other recipes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kookhistorie.nl/images/vk-scan/vk-c3r.jpg |title=page 21 "De verstandige kock of sorghvuldige huyshoudster (anno 1669)" |date= |accessdate=2013-11-05}}</ref> | |||
| The basis of Dutch apple pie is a crust on the bottom and around the edges. This crust is then filled with pieces or slices of apple, usually a crisp and mildly tart variety such as Goudreinet or ]. Cinnamon and ] are generally mixed in with the apple filling. Atop the filling, strands of ] cover the pie in a ] holding the filling in place but keeping it visible or cover the pie with crumbs. It can be eaten warm or cold, sometimes with a dash of whipped cream or vanilla ice cream. In the US, "Dutch apple pie" refers specifically to the apple pie style with a crumb, ], topping.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stemilt.com/stem-blog/dutch-apple-pie/|title=Dutch Apple Pie {{!}} Stemilt|date=2016-10-17|newspaper=Stemilt|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.browneyedbaker.com/2010/09/15/dutch-apple-pie/ |title=Dutch Apple Pie |publisher=Brown Eyed Baker |date= |accessdate=2013-11-05}}</ref> | |||
| ==English style== | |||
| ] | |||
| English apple pie recipes go back to the time of ]. The 1381 recipe (see illustration at right) lists the ingredients as ''good ]s, good ]s, ]s, ]s and ]s.'' The ''cofyn'' of the recipe is a casing of pastry. ] is used for colouring the pie filling. Today, the English style incorporates generous layers of sweetened slices of, usually, Bramley apple; layered into a dome shape to allow for downward shrinkage, and thus avoid a saggy middle, then topped with butter or lard shortcrust pastry, and baked until the apple filling is cooked.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} | |||
| In English-speaking countries, apple pie, often classified as a satisfying 'comfort' food, is a dessert of enduring popularity, whether it's eaten hot or cold, on its own or with ], ], or ]. | |||
| == French style == | |||
| ] style apple pie is very different compared to the American version of the sweet dessert. Instead of it being right side up with crust on top and bottom, it actually is upside down, with the fruit being caramelized. This can be made not only with apples but other fruits or vegetables as well, for example, pears or tomatoes. | |||
| ''see ]'' | |||
| ==Swedish style== | |||
| The ] style apple pie is predominantly a variety of apple ], rather than a traditional pastry pie. Often, breadcrumbs are used (wholly or partially) instead of flour, and sometimes rolled oats. It is usually flavoured with cinnamon and served with vanilla ] or ice cream. There is also a very popular version called ''äppelkaka'' (apple cake), which differs from the pie in that it is a ] baked with fresh apple pieces in it. | |||
| {{Clear}} | |||
| ==In American culture==<!-- This section is linked from ] --> | |||
| {{see also|List of American foods}} | |||
| ]s.]] | |||
| Apple pie was brought to the colonies by the ], the ], and the ] during the 17th and 18th centuries. The apple pie had to wait for the planting of European varieties, brought across the ], to become fruit-bearing apple trees, to be selected for their cooking qualities as there were no native apples except ]s, which yield very small and sour fruit.<ref name=app>{{cite web | |||
| |url= http://www.uga.edu/fruit/apple.html | |||
| |title= Origin, History of cultivation | |||
| |accessdate=12 February 2013 | |||
| |publisher=] | |||
| |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080121045236/http://www.uga.edu/fruit/apple.html | |||
| |quote= The center of diversity of the genus Malus is the eastern Turkey, southwestern Russia region of Asia Minor. Apples were improved through selection over a period of thousands of years by early farmers. Alexander the Great is credited with finding dwarfed apples in Asia Minor in 300 BC; those he brought back to Greece may well have been the progenitors of dwarfing rootstocks. Apples were brought to North America with colonists in the 1600s, and the first apple orchard on this continent was said to be near Boston in 1625.<!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 21 January 2008}}</ref> In the meantime, the ] were more likely to make their pies, or "]", from meat, calling them ] (meaning basket)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2012/06/19/155347648/five-facts-about-pie-that-might-surprise-you-and-a-survey|title=Five Facts About Pie That Might Surprise You, And A Survey|publisher=}}</ref> rather than fruit; and the main use for apples, once they were available, was in ]. However, there are American apple pie recipes, both manuscript and printed, from the 18th century, and it has since become a very popular dessert.<ref name=Pinch>{{cite web |last1=D'Aiutolo |first1=Olivia |title=A Pinch of History: Amelia Simmons's Apple Pie |url=https://hsp.org/blogs/fondly-pennsylvania/a-pinch-of-history-amelia-simmonss-apple-pie |website=Fondly, Pennsylvania |publisher=Historical Society of Pennsylvania |accessdate=11 June 2018 |date=August 17, 2015}}</ref> Apple varieties are usually propagated by ], as clones, but in the New World, planting from seeds was more popular, which quickly led to the development of hundreds of new native varieties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usapple.org/consumers/all-about-apples/history-and-folklore/apples-in-america |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-10-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028235409/http://www.usapple.org/consumers/all-about-apples/history-and-folklore/apples-in-america |archivedate=28 October 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> | |||
| Apple pie was a common food in 18th-century ]. As noted by the New Sweden historian Dr. ] in a letter: "Apple pie is used throughout the whole year, and when fresh Apples are no longer to be had, dried ones are used. It is the evening meal of children."<ref>{{cite web|last=Stradley|first=Linda|title=Apple Pie - History of Apple Pie|url=http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/PieHistory/ApplePie.htm|work=What's Cooking America.net|accessdate=2 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110610202255/http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/PieHistory/ApplePie.htm| archivedate= 10 June 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> | |||
| The mock apple pie, made from ], was probably invented for use aboard ships, as it was known to the British Royal Navy as early as 1812.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Naval Chronicle|date=1812|volume=28|page=61|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K085AQAAMAAJ&q=%22mock+apple%22|accessdate=31 August 2016}}</ref> The earliest known published recipes for mock apple pie date from the antebellum period of the 1850s.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bliss|title=Practical Cook Book: Containing Upwards of One Thousand Receipts…|date=1850|publisher=Lippincott, Grambo|page=153|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9loEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA153|accessdate=31 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Godey's Magazine|date=1854|volume=48-49|page=378|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8hZAAAAYAAJ&q=%22mock+apple+pie%22|accessdate=31 August 2016}}</ref> In the 1930s, and for many years afterwards, ] promoted a recipe for mock apple pie using its product, along with sugar and various spices.<ref>{{cite web|first=Beth|last=Kracklauer |url=http://www.saveur.com/article/Kitchen/Putting-on-the-Ritz |title=Putting on the Ritz |publisher=Saveur.com |date=2008-02-28 |accessdate=2013-11-05}}</ref> | |||
| Although eaten in Europe since long before the ], apple pie as used in the phrase "as American as apple pie" describes something as being "typically American.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/american-food-dishes/index.html|title=American food: The 50 greatest dishes|date=2017-07-12|work=CNN Travel|access-date=2018-11-05|language=en}}</ref>" "<ref>{{cite journal| url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/as-american-as-apple-pie| title=Definition of "as American as apple pie"| journal= Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus| author=Cambridge University Press| year=2011}}</ref> In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, apple pie became a symbol of American prosperity and national pride. A newspaper article published in 1902 declared that "No pie-eating people can be permanently vanquished."<ref>{{cite web|title=Popular Apple Sayings|url=http://usapple.org/consumers/all-about-apples/history-and-folklore/popular-apple-sayings|publisher=U.S. Apple Association|accessdate=2 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701035054/http://usapple.org/consumers/all-about-apples/history-and-folklore/popular-apple-sayings|archivedate=1 July 2011|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The dish was also commemorated in the phrase "for Mom and apple pie" - supposedly the stock answer of American soldiers in ], whenever journalists asked why they were going to war. Jack Holden and Frances Kay sang in their patriotic 1950 song ''The Fiery Bear'', creating contrast between this symbol of U.S. culture and the ] of the ]: | |||
| :We love our baseball and apple pie | |||
| :We love our county fair | |||
| :We'll keep Old Glory waving high | |||
| :There's no place here for a bear | |||
| Advertisers exploited the patriotic connection in the 1970s with the commercial jingle "], ]s, apple pie and ]". | |||
| Modern American recipes for apple pie usually indicate a ] that is 9 inches in diameter in a fluted pie plate, with an apple filling spiced with cinnamon, nutmeg, and lemon juice, and it may or may not have a lattice or shapes cut out of the top for decoration.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McBride-Carlton|first1=Jan|title=The Old Fashioned Cookbook |date=1975 |publisher=Vineyard Books|isbn=0030146216|page=286|edition=1st}}</ref> One out of five Americans surveyed (19%) prefer apple pie over all others, followed by pumpkin (13%) | |||
| and pecan (12%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.piecouncil.org/pdf/Pie_Fun_Facts.pdf |title=Fun facts |website=piecouncil.org}}</ref> | |||
| The unincorporated community of ] is named after apple pie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pietown.com/ |title=Pie Town New Mexico |publisher=Pietown.com |date= |accessdate=2013-11-05}}</ref> | |||
| ==Gallery== | |||
| <gallery caption="" widths="220px" heights="160px"> | |||
| File:Caramel Rose Apple Pie.jpg|Rose Apple Pie | |||
| File:Caramel Apple Roses Cake.jpg|Apple Roses Pie | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| {{Portal|Food}} | |||
| {{div col|colwidth=30em}} | |||
| *] (German ''Apfelstrudel''), a large Austrian pastry made with apples, sugar and spices; similar to pie in that the filling is encased by the pastry, but it is rectangular rather than round and cut like ] or ] rather than like pie | |||
| * ], similar to strudel but much smaller and triangular in shape, with a higher proportion of pastry to filling | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| {{clear}} | |||
| {{div col end}} | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{Commons category|Apple pies|apple pies}} | |||
| * Apple Pie | |||
| *, by Kate Greenaway, 1886. Woodblock printed children's book, based on a much earlier rhyme; from ] | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| {{American pies}} | |||
| {{British pies}} | |||
| {{Apples}} | |||
| {{English cuisine}} | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}} | |||
| ] | |||
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Revision as of 15:54, 11 December 2018
This article is about the food. For other uses, see Apple pie (disambiguation). type of pie filled with apples
 Apple pie with lattice upper crust | |
| Place of origin | England |
|---|---|
| Food energy (per 100 g serving) | about 0.75 kcal |
It is, on occasion, served with whipped cream or ice cream on top, (which is known as apple pie a la mode), or with cheddar cheese. The pastry is generally used top-and-bottom, making it a double-crust pie; the upper crust may be a circular or a pastry lattice woven of crosswise strips. Depending on the baker's preference, the bottom of the double-crust may be baked first (before baking the whole pie) to prevent the bottom from getting soggy. Exceptions are deep-dish apple pie, with a top crust only, and open-face Tarte Tatin. Apple pie is an unofficial symbol of the United States and one of its signature comfort foods.
Ingredients
- Cite error: The named reference
foodnetwork.comwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - Waters, Michael (July 13, 2017). "The Long, Storied Controversy Over Cheese on Apple Pie". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- "20 Interesting Facts About Apple Pie". factslegend.org.
- Cite error: The named reference
Pinchwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).