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| ** Judeo-] | ** Judeo-] | ||
| ====Baltic languages==== | ====Baltic languages==== | ||
| * Judeo-]<ref>https://books.google.lt/books?id=3IJ1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA749&lpg=PA749&dq=catechism%20Samgitian&source=bl&ots=6EyYbdDB0m&sig=ACfU3U02r3YtifOD1e6Zs-JPLVHGBs9uVg&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwitrP-xpPrgAhWx4aYKHQB-CYkQ6AEwCHoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=catechism%20Samogitian&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.lt/books?id=tS-PMqoj1EIC&pg=PA430&lpg=PA430&dq=catechism+Samogitian&source=bl&ots=1BCazud0a1&sig=ACfU3U2OAVeWSbwNLZC0mkQa95IO3dapWw&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjU-6bAqvrgAhWhyaYKHeMmADEQ6AEwA3oECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=catechism%20Samogitian&f=false</ref> | * Judeo-]<ref>https://books.google.lt/books?id=3IJ1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA749&lpg=PA749&dq=catechism%20Samgitian&source=bl&ots=6EyYbdDB0m&sig=ACfU3U02r3YtifOD1e6Zs-JPLVHGBs9uVg&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwitrP-xpPrgAhWx4aYKHQB-CYkQ6AEwCHoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=catechism%20Samogitian&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.lt/books?id=tS-PMqoj1EIC&pg=PA430&lpg=PA430&dq=catechism+Samogitian&source=bl&ots=1BCazud0a1&sig=ACfU3U2OAVeWSbwNLZC0mkQa95IO3dapWw&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjU-6bAqvrgAhWhyaYKHeMmADEQ6AEwA3oECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=catechism%20Samogitian&f=false</ref> | ||
| ====Slavic languages==== | ====Slavic languages==== | ||
| * Judeo-] | * Judeo-] | ||
| Line 122: | Line 122: | ||
| ===Austronesian languages=== | ===Austronesian languages=== | ||
| ====Malayo-Polinesian languages==== | ====Malayo-Polinesian languages==== | ||
| *Judeo-] | *Judeo-] (could be used in old-settled Jewish community, approximately till the 18th century) | ||
Revision as of 17:04, 11 March 2019
This is a list of languages and groups of languages that developed within Jewish diaspora communities through contact with surrounding languages.
Afro-Asiatic languages
Cushitic languages
Semitic languages
- Karaite Egyptian Arabic, based on old Egyptian Arabic
- Judeo-Aramaic
-
- Galilean dialect (extinct)
Other Afro-Asiatic languages
Indo-European languages
Iranian languages
- Judeo-Bukharic (Bukhari, Bukhori, Judeo-Tajik)
- Judeo-Golpaygani (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Hamedani
- Judeo-Persian (Dzhidi, Jidi)
- Judeo-Shirazi
- Judeo-Tat (Juhuri)
- Judeo-Kurmanji language (mostly as a second language in addition to Judeo-Aramaic)
Romance languages
- Judeo-Latin (extinct or evolved into Judeo-Romance languages)
- Judeo-Andalusian (extinct)
- Judeo-Aragonese (extinct)
- Judeo-Navarro-Aragonese with a significant Jewish koiné of Tudela (extinct)
- Judeo-Asturleonese (extinct)
- Judeo-Portuguese (almost extinct) and Judeo-Galician (extinct)
- Judeo-Spanish (Judezmo, Ladino)
- Judeo-Catalan and Judeo-Valencian (extinct)
- Judeo-Provençal (extinct)
- Judeo-Gascon (also was used by latest Sephardic migrants) (extinct)
- Judeo-Franco-Provençal (including the Savoyard dialect) (extinct)
- Judeo-French (Zarphatic): a group of Jewish northern oïl languages and their dialects (extinct)
- Judeo-Ligurian (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Piedmontese (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Lombard (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Emilian-Romagnol (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Venetian (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Italian with a wide range of dialects and city koinés
- Judeo-Sicilian (extinct)
Other Indo-European languages
- Judeo-Czech (Knaanic) (extinct)
- Judeo-Koiné Greek, based on Koine Greek
- Judeo-Greek (Romaniyot, Yevanic)
- Karaite Greek, a Karaite varitety of Greek
- Judeo-Marathi
- Yiddish
Turkic languages
- Judeo-Crimean Tatar (Krymchak) (almost extinct)
- Karaim (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Azerbaijani (dialect of previously Aramaic-speaking Jews of Miyandoab)
Kartvelian languages
- Judeo-Georgian
- Judeo-Mingrelian language (almost extinct)
Dravidian languages
- Judeo-Malayalam (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Telugu, a variety of Telugu
(both written in local alphabets)
Uralic languages
- Judeo-Hungarian (Magyaric/Magyarit, not to be confused with the modern Hungarian language, spoken by Jews).
Doubted languages
Indo-European languages
Romance languages
- Judeo-Rhaeto-Romance
- Judeo-Friulian
Baltic languages
- Judeo-Samogitian
Slavic languages
- Judeo-Old Polish
- Judeo-Old Russian
Indo-Arian languages
- Judeo-Hindustani
Armenian languages
- Judeo-Armenian (although it was common to use Aramaic or Persian varieties among this Jewish community)
North Caucasian languages
Abkhazo-Adyghean languages
- Judeo-Circassian
Austronesian languages
Malayo-Polinesian languages
- Judeo-Malay (could be used in old-settled Jewish community, approximately till the 18th century)
See also
References
- ^ Rubin, Aaron D.; Kahn, Lily (2015-10-30). Handbook of Jewish Languages. BRILL. ISBN 9789004297357.
- Hudson, Grover (2013). "A Comparative Dictionary of the Agaw Languages by David Appleyard (review)" (PDF). Northeast African Studies. New series. 13 (2). Retrieved 2015-10-09.
- ^ Weninger, Stefan (2011-12-23). The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook. Walter de Gruyter. p. 709. ISBN 9783110251586.
- ^ Spolsky, Bernard (2014-03-27). The Languages of the Jews: A Sociolinguistic History. Cambridge University Press. p. 241. ISBN 9781139917148.
- Habib Borjian, “Judeo-Iranian Languages,” in Lily Kahn and Aaron D. Rubin, eds., A Handbook of Jewish Languages, Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2015, pp. 234-295. .
- Habib Borjian and Daniel Kaufman, “Juhuri: from the Caucasus to New York City”, Special Issue: Middle Eastern Languages in Diasporic USA communities, in International Journal of Sociology of Language, issue edited by Maryam Borjian and Charles Häberl, issue 237, 2016, pp. 51-74. .
- Nahon, Peter, 2018. Gascon et français chez les Israélites d'Aquitaine. Paris:Classiques Garnier.
- https://books.google.it/books?id=ZQd2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99&lpg=PA99&dq=Judeo-Sicilian&source=bl&ots=p0k7vt8ctZ&sig=ACfU3U1Rf0J_M0jamtug5lVYeCLt3JTsmw&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjB44TvovrgAhXKD5oKHdi0CYEQ6AEwBXoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=Judeo-Sicilian&f=false
- https://books.google.it/books?id=uGwxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA257&lpg=PA257&dq=Judeo-Sicilian+translation&source=bl&ots=G1qiLszl5E&sig=ACfU3U2irwgLXiC8b7n2tv9reEzxrLnsoA&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf6ZqVp_rgAhViwMQBHaMzAhYQ6AEwAHoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=Judeo-Sicilian%20translation&f=false
- International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. 2003-01-01. p. 83. ISBN 9780195139778.
- Katz, Dovid (October 2012). Bláha, Ondřej; Dittman, Robert; Uličná, Lenka (eds.). "Knaanic in the Medieval and Modern Scholarly Imagination" (PDF). Knaanic Language: Structure and Historical Background: 164, 173. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- "YIVO | Krymchaks". www.yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
- https://books.google.ru/books?id=Ic5Kth7aiusC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=Judeo-Hungarian+language&source=bl&ots=YtxbUHG5Sw&sig=9SabIVPCHzn0s52AAjrs1OR7IUQ&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxjJn_uK7eAhWGVSwKHVkDC2gQ6AEwB3oECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=Judeo-Hungarian%20language&f=false
- https://books.google.lt/books?id=3IJ1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA749&lpg=PA749&dq=catechism%20Samgitian&source=bl&ots=6EyYbdDB0m&sig=ACfU3U02r3YtifOD1e6Zs-JPLVHGBs9uVg&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwitrP-xpPrgAhWx4aYKHQB-CYkQ6AEwCHoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=catechism%20Samogitian&f=false
- https://books.google.lt/books?id=tS-PMqoj1EIC&pg=PA430&lpg=PA430&dq=catechism+Samogitian&source=bl&ots=1BCazud0a1&sig=ACfU3U2OAVeWSbwNLZC0mkQa95IO3dapWw&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjU-6bAqvrgAhWhyaYKHeMmADEQ6AEwA3oECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=catechism%20Samogitian&f=false
- https://www.gorgiaspress.com/a-unique-hebrew-glossary-from-india-an-analysis-of-judeo-urdu
- https://books.google.it/books?id=3IJ1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA749&lpg=PA749&dq=Judeo-Armenian&source=bl&ots=6EyYbdDB0m&sig=ACfU3U02r3YtifOD1e6Zs-JPLVHGBs9uVg&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwitrP-xpPrgAhWx4aYKHQB-CYkQ6AEwCHoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=Judeo-Armenian&f=false