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	Safi-ad-din was of Azerbaijani turk origins. According to Minorsky, Sheykh Safi al-Din's ancestor Firuz-shah was a rich man, lived in Gilan and then Azerbaijani kings gave him Ardabil and its dependencies. ] refers to Sheykh Safi al-Din's claims tracing back his origins to ], but expresses uncertainty about this.~~<ref>~~Minorsky Vladimir, The Turks, Iran and the Caucasus in the Middle Ages. Preface by J.A. Boyle. Variorum Reprints, London 1978; page 517-518</r		Safi-ad-din was of Azerbaijani turk origins. According to Minorsky, Sheykh Safi al-Din's ancestor Firuz-shah was a rich man, lived in Gilan and then Azerbaijani kings gave him Ardabil and its dependencies. ] refers to Sheykh Safi al-Din's claims tracing back his origins to ], but expresses uncertainty about this. Minorsky Vladimir, The Turks, Iran and the Caucasus in the Middle Ages. Preface by J.A. Boyle. Variorum Reprints, London 1978; page 517-518</r

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Revision as of 22:33, 13 March 2019

Safi-ad-din Ardabili

Personal life
Born	1252 Ardabil, Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran
Died	1334
Religious life
Religion	Islam, Sunni (Shafi'i)
Senior posting
Predecessor	Sheikh Zahed Gilani (Under the Zahediyeh order)
Successor	Sadr al-Dīn Mūsā (Son)

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The tomb of Safi al-Din in Ardabil, Iran

Sheikh Safi-ad-din Is'haq Ardabili (of Ardabil) (1252–1334) (Template:Lang-fa Shaikh Ṣāfī ad-Dīn Isḥāq Ardabīlī), was the Azerbaijani people Azerbaijani and Sunni Muslim eponym of the Safavid dynasty, founder of the Safaviyya order, and the spiritual heir and son in law of the great Sufi Murshid (Grand Master) Sheikh Zahed Gilani, of Lahijan in Gilan province in northern Iran. Most of what we know about him comes from the Safvat as-safa, a hagiography written by one of his followers.

Lineage

Safi-ad-din was of Azerbaijani turk origins. According to Minorsky, Sheykh Safi al-Din's ancestor Firuz-shah was a rich man, lived in Gilan and then Azerbaijani kings gave him Ardabil and its dependencies. Minorsky refers to Sheykh Safi al-Din's claims tracing back his origins to Ali ibn Abu Talib, but expresses uncertainty about this. Minorsky Vladimir, The Turks, Iran and the Caucasus in the Middle Ages. Preface by J.A. Boyle. Variorum Reprints, London 1978; page 517-518</r

An etched figure of a giant hand, in Safi-ad-din Ardabili Mausoleum, showing Twelver Shi'a sign of Panj-tan-e Āl-e Abā

Ascension as Murshid

Sheikh Safi al-Din inherited Sheikh Zahed Gilani's Sufi order, the "Zahediyeh", which he later transformed into his own, the "Safaviyya". Sheikh Zahed Gilani also gave his daughter Bibi Fatemeh in wedlock to his favorite disciple. Sheikh Safi al-Din, in turn, gave a daughter from a previous marriage in wedlock to Shaikh Zahed Gilani's second-born son. Over the following 170 years, the Safaviyya Order gained political and military power, finally culminating in the foundation of the Safavid dynasty.

Poetry

Sheikh Safi al-Din has composed poems in the Iranian dialect of old Tati. He was a seventh-generation descendant of Firuz-Shah Zarrin-Kolah, a local Iranian dignitary.

Only a very few verses of Sheikh Safi al-Din's poetry, called Dobaytis (double verses), have survived. Written in old Tati and Persian, they have linguistic importance today.

Notes

^ Shaykh Safi al-Din Ardabili, Oxford Reference
Richard Tapper, Frontier nomads of Iran: a political and social history of the Shahsevan, Cambridge University Press, 1997, ISBN 9780521583367, p. 39.
"EBN BAZZĀZ – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org.
Muḥammad Kamāl, Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy, Ashgate Publishing Inc, 2006, ISBN 0754652718, p. 24.
"The Iranian Language of Azerbaijan" E. Yarshater, Encyclopædia Iranica
Ehsan Yarshater, Encyclopædia Iranica, Book 1, p. 240.
Barry D. Wood, The Tarikh-i Jahanara in the Chester Beatty Library: an illustrated manuscript of the "Anonymous Histories of Shah Isma'il", Islamic Gallery Project, Asian Department Victoria & Albert Museum London, Routledge, Volume 37, Number 1 / March 2004, Pp: 89 - 107.
"Ali Qapu Gate Unearthed in Sheikh Safi Domed Mausoleum". www.payvand.com.

Literature

Monika Gronke, Derwische im Vorhof der Macht: sozial- und wirtschaftsgeschichte Nordwestirans im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert, Wiesbaden 1993
Mazzaoui, Michel, The Origins of the Safavids: Shi'ism, Sufism, and the Gulat, Wiesbaden, West Germany: F. Steiner, 1972.

External links

Safi-ad-Din Ardabili Safavid dynasty
New title	Leader of the Safaviya Order 1293–1334	Succeeded bySadr al-Dīn Mūsā

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