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| * ]<ref name=":1" /> (almost extinct) | * ]<ref name=":1" /> (almost extinct) | ||
| * ]<ref name=":1" /> | * ]<ref name=":1" /> | ||
| * Judeo-] (mostly as a second language in addition to Judeo-Aramaic) | * Judeo-] (mostly as a second language in addition to Judeo-Aramaic) | ||
| *]<ref name=":1" /> | *]<ref name=":1" /> | ||
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| ==Kartvelian languages== | ==Kartvelian languages== | ||
| * ]<ref name=":2" /> | * ]<ref name=":2" /> | ||
| * Judeo-] (almost extinct) | * Judeo-] (almost extinct) | ||
| ==Turkic languages== | ==Turkic languages== | ||
| Line 112: | Line 112: | ||
| ==== Indo-Arian languages ==== | ==== Indo-Arian languages ==== | ||
| * Judeo-]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/judeo-persian/|title=Asian and African studies blog: Judeo-Persian|website=blogs.bl.uk}}</ref> | * Judeo-]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/judeo-persian/|title=Asian and African studies blog: Judeo-Persian|website=blogs.bl.uk}}</ref> | ||
| *Judeo-]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gorgiaspress.com/a-unique-hebrew-glossary-from-india-an-analysis-of-judeo-urdu|title=A Unique Hebrew Glossary from India|website=Gorgias Press LLC}}</ref> | *Judeo-]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gorgiaspress.com/a-unique-hebrew-glossary-from-india-an-analysis-of-judeo-urdu|title=A Unique Hebrew Glossary from India|website=Gorgias Press LLC}}</ref> | ||
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| ====Abkhazo-Adyghean languages==== | ====Abkhazo-Adyghean languages==== | ||
| *Judeo-]<ref>https://books.google.it/books?id=YXRsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA143&dq=Circassian-speaking+Jewish+community&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjOj_DxhpjhAhWCepoKHVLcBCAQ6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=Circassian-speaking%20Jewish%20community&f=false</ref> | |||
| *Judeo-] | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 10:31, 23 March 2019
This is a list of languages and groups of languages that developed within Jewish diaspora communities through contact with surrounding languages.
Afro-Asiatic languages
Cushitic languages
Semitic languages
-
- Galilean dialect (extinct)
- Karaite Egyptian Arabic, based on old Egyptian Arabic
Other Afro-Asiatic languages
Dravidian languages
- Judeo-Malayalam (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Telugu, a variety of Telugu
(both written in local alphabets)
Indo-European languages
Iranian languages
- Judeo-Bukharic (Bukhari, Bukhori, Judeo-Tajik)
- Judeo-Golpaygani (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Hamedani
- Judeo-Kurmanji (mostly as a second language in addition to Judeo-Aramaic)
Romance languages
- Judeo-Latin (extinct or evolved into Judeo-Romance languages)
- Judeo-Andalusian (extinct)
- Judeo-Aragonese (extinct)
- Judeo-Navarro-Aragonese with a significant Jewish koiné of Tudela (extinct)
- Judeo-Asturleonese (extinct)
- Judeo-Catalan and Judeo-Valencian (extinct)
- Judeo-Emilian-Romagnol (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Franco-Provençal (including the Savoyard dialect) (extinct)
- Judeo-French (Zarphatic): a group of Jewish northern oïl languages and their dialects (extinct)
- Judeo-Gascon (also was used by latest Sephardic migrants) (extinct)
- Judeo-Italian with a wide range of dialects and city koinés
- Judeo-Ligurian (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Lombard (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Piedmontese (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Portuguese (almost extinct) and Judeo-Galician (extinct)
- Judeo-Provençal (extinct)
- Judeo-Sicilian (extinct)
- Judeo-Spanish (Judezmo, Ladino)
- Judeo-Venetian (almost extinct)
Other Indo-European languages
- Judeo-Czech (Knaanic) (extinct)
- Judeo-Greek (Romaniyot, Yevanic)
- Judeo-Koiné Greek, based on Koine Greek
- Karaite Greek, a Karaite varitety of Greek
- Judeo-Marathi
- Yiddish
Kartvelian languages
- Judeo-Georgian
- Judeo-Mingrelian (almost extinct)
Turkic languages
- Judeo-Azerbaijani (dialect of previously Aramaic-speaking Jews of Miyandoab)
- Judeo-Crimean Tatar (Krymchak) (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Turkish
- Karaim (almost extinct)
Uralic languages
- Judeo-Hungarian (Magyaric/Magyarit).
Doubted languages
Austronesian languages
Malayo-Polynesian languages
- Judeo-Malay (could be used in old-settled Jewish community, approximately till the 18th century)
Indo-European languages
Armenian languages
- Judeo-Armenian (although it was common to use Aramaic or Persian varieties among this Jewish community)
Baltic languages
- Judeo-Samogitian
Indo-Arian languages
- Judeo-Gujarati
- Judeo-Hindustani
Romance languages
- Judeo-Rhaeto-Romance
- Judeo-Friulian
Slavic languages
- Judeo-Old Polish
- Judeo-Old Russian
North Caucasian languages
Abkhazo-Adyghean languages
- Judeo-Circassian
See also
References
- ^ Rubin, Aaron D.; Kahn, Lily (2015-10-30). Handbook of Jewish Languages. BRILL. ISBN 9789004297357.
- Hudson, Grover (2013). "A Comparative Dictionary of the Agaw Languages by David Appleyard (review)" (PDF). Northeast African Studies. New series. 13 (2). Retrieved 2015-10-09.
- ^ Weninger, Stefan (2011-12-23). The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook. Walter de Gruyter. p. 709. ISBN 9783110251586.
- ^ Spolsky, Bernard (2014-03-27). The Languages of the Jews: A Sociolinguistic History. Cambridge University Press. p. 241. ISBN 9781139917148.
- Habib Borjian, “Judeo-Iranian Languages,” in Lily Kahn and Aaron D. Rubin, eds., A Handbook of Jewish Languages, Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2015, pp. 234-295. .
- Habib Borjian and Daniel Kaufman, “Juhuri: from the Caucasus to New York City”, Special Issue: Middle Eastern Languages in Diasporic USA communities, in International Journal of Sociology of Language, issue edited by Maryam Borjian and Charles Häberl, issue 237, 2016, pp. 51-74. .
- Nahon, Peter, 2018. Gascon et français chez les Israélites d'Aquitaine. Paris:Classiques Garnier.
- Hary, Benjamin; Benor, Sarah Bunin (5 November 2018). "Languages in Jewish Communities, Past and Present". Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG – via Google Books.
- Weiss, Hillel; Katsman, Roman; Kotlerman, Ber (17 March 2014). "Around the Point: Studies in Jewish Literature and Culture in Multiple Languages". Cambridge Scholars Publishing – via Google Books.
- International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. 2003-01-01. p. 83. ISBN 9780195139778.
- Katz, Dovid (October 2012). Bláha, Ondřej; Dittman, Robert; Uličná, Lenka (eds.). "Knaanic in the Medieval and Modern Scholarly Imagination" (PDF). Knaanic Language: Structure and Historical Background: 164, 173. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- "YIVO | Krymchaks". www.yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
- Handbook of Jewish Languages: Revised and Updated Edition. BRILL. 2017-09-01. ISBN 9789004359543.
- Wexler, Paul (14 March 2019). "Jewish and Non-Jewish Creators of "Jewish" Languages: With Special Attention to Judaized Arabic, Chinese, German, Greek, Persian, Portuguese, Slavic (modern Hebrew/Yiddish), Spanish, and Karaite, and Semitic Hebrew/Ladino ; a Collection of Reprinted Articles from Across Four Decades with a Reassessment". Otto Harrassowitz Verlag – via Google Books.
- "Handbook of Jewish Languages: Revised and Updated Edition". BRILL. 1 September 2017 – via Google Books.
- "Handbook of Jewish Languages: Revised and Updated Edition". BRILL. 1 September 2017 – via Google Books.
- Cohen-Mushlin, Aliza; Kravtsov, Sergey; Levin, Vladimir; Mickūnaitė, Giedrė; Šiaučiūnaitė-Verbickienė, Jurgita (14 March 2019). "Synagogues in Lithuania N-Ž: A Catalogue". VDA leidykla – via Google Books.
- "Asian and African studies blog: Judeo-Persian". blogs.bl.uk.
- "A Unique Hebrew Glossary from India". Gorgias Press LLC.
- https://books.google.it/books?id=YXRsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA143&dq=Circassian-speaking+Jewish+community&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjOj_DxhpjhAhWCepoKHVLcBCAQ6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=Circassian-speaking%20Jewish%20community&f=false