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| {{About||the UK magazine|Guitarist (magazine)|the American magazine|Guitar Player}} | |||
| {{pp-move-indef}} | |||
| ] of rock tribute band ] performing at the 3rd Annual Malibu Guitar Festival in 2017.]] | |||
| ].]] | |||
| A '''guitarist''' (or a '''guitar player''') is a person who plays the ]. Guitarists may play a variety of guitar family ] such as ]s, ]s, ]s, and ]s. Some guitarists accompany themselves on the guitar by ] or playing the harmonica. | |||
| ᴉʞᴉMɐᴉpǝW ʎq pǝɹǝʍoԀ uoᴉʇɐpunoℲ ɐᴉpǝɯᴉʞᴉMʍǝᴉʌ ǝlᴉqoWʇuǝɯǝʇɐʇs ǝᴉʞooƆsɹǝdolǝʌǝpɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM ʇɔɐʇuoƆsɹǝɯᴉɐlɔsᴉpɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM ʇnoq∀ʎɔᴉlod ʎɔɐʌᴉɹԀ | |||
| ==Techniques== | |||
| ˙uoᴉʇɐzᴉuɐƃɹo ʇᴉɟoɹd-uou ɐ '˙ɔuI 'uoᴉʇɐpunoℲ ɐᴉpǝɯᴉʞᴉM ǝɥʇ ɟo ʞɹɐɯǝpɐɹʇ pǝɹǝʇsᴉƃǝɹ ɐ sᴉ ®ɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM ˙ʎɔᴉloԀ ʎɔɐʌᴉɹԀ puɐ ǝs∩ ɟo sɯɹǝ┴ ǝɥʇ oʇ ǝǝɹƃɐ noʎ 'ǝʇᴉs sᴉɥʇ ƃuᴉsn ʎq ˙ʎlddɐ ʎɐɯ sɯɹǝʇ lɐuoᴉʇᴉppɐ ;ǝsuǝɔᴉ˥ ǝʞᴉl∀ǝɹɐɥS-uoᴉʇnqᴉɹʇʇ∀ suoɯɯoƆ ǝʌᴉʇɐǝɹƆ ǝɥʇ ɹǝpun ǝlqɐlᴉɐʌɐ sᴉ ʇxǝ┴ | |||
| The guitarist may employ any of several methods for sounding the guitar, including finger picking, depending on the type of strings used (either ] or ]), and including ] with the fingers, or a ] made of bone, horn, plastic, metal, felt, leather, or paper, and melodic ] and ]. | |||
| ˙(Ɔ┴∩) Ɩㄣ:ㄣƖ ʇɐ '6Ɩ0ᄅ ɥɔɹɐW 9ᄅ uo pǝʇᴉpǝ ʇsɐl sɐʍ ǝƃɐd sᴉɥ┴ | |||
| sʞuᴉl ʇᴉpƎ | |||
| ǝɹoɯ 8ᄅ | |||
| 文中 | |||
| йикссуР | |||
| sênƃnʇɹoԀ | |||
| ouɐᴉlɐʇI | |||
| ɐᴉsǝuopuI ɐsɐɥɐq | |||
| 어국한 | |||
| sᴉɐçuɐɹℲ | |||
| ɥɔsʇnǝp | |||
| ةيبرعلا | |||
| sǝƃɐnƃuɐ˥ | |||
| suoɯɯoƆ ɐᴉpǝɯᴉʞᴉM | |||
| The guitarist may also employ various methods for selecting notes and chords, including fingering, thumbing, the barre (a finger lying across many or all strings at a particular fret), and 'bottleneck' or steel-guitar slides, usually made of glass or metal. These left- and right-hand techniques may be intermixed in performance. | |||
| sʇɔǝɾoɹd ɹǝɥʇo uI | |||
| uoᴉsɹǝʌ ǝlqɐʇuᴉɹԀ | |||
| ℲpԀ sɐ pɐoluʍop | |||
| ʞooq ɐ ǝʇɐǝɹƆ | |||
| ʇɹodxǝ/ʇuᴉɹԀ | |||
| ǝƃɐd sᴉɥʇ ǝʇᴉƆ | |||
| ɯǝʇᴉ ɐʇɐpᴉʞᴉM | |||
| uoᴉʇɐɯɹoɟuᴉ ǝƃɐԀ | |||
| ʞuᴉl ʇuǝuɐɯɹǝԀ | |||
| sǝƃɐd lɐᴉɔǝdS | |||
| ǝlᴉɟ pɐold∩ | |||
| sǝƃuɐɥɔ pǝʇɐlǝɹ | |||
| ǝɹǝɥ sʞuᴉl ʇɐɥM | |||
| sloo┴ | |||
| ǝƃɐd ʇɔɐʇuoƆ | |||
| sǝƃuɐɥɔ ʇuǝɔǝɹ | |||
| lɐʇɹod ʎʇᴉunɯɯoƆ | |||
| ɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM ʇnoq∀ | |||
| dlǝH | |||
| uoᴉʇɔɐɹǝʇuI | |||
| ǝɹoʇs ɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM | |||
| ɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM oʇ ǝʇɐuop | |||
| ǝlɔᴉʇɹɐ ɯopuɐɹ | |||
| sʇuǝʌǝ ʇuǝɹɹnƆ | |||
| ʇuǝʇuoɔ pǝɹnʇɐǝℲ | |||
| sʇuǝʇuoƆ | |||
| ǝƃɐd uᴉɐW | |||
| ɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM ɥɔɹɐǝS | |||
| ɥɔɹɐǝSʎɹoʇsᴉɥ ʍǝᴉΛʇᴉpƎpɐǝɹʞlɐ┴ǝlɔᴉʇɹ∀uᴉ ƃo˥ʇunoɔɔɐ ǝʇɐǝɹƆsuoᴉʇnqᴉɹʇuoƆʞlɐ┴uᴉ pǝƃƃol ʇoN | |||
| nuǝɯ uoᴉʇɐƃᴉʌɐN | |||
| ɔᴉsnɯ uᴉ suoᴉʇɐdnɔɔOsʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ :sǝᴉɹoƃǝʇɐƆ | |||
| 6Ɩ89ϛƖƖ0 :˥pN 9ㄣ8ㄥϛ0ϛ8ɥs :NƆƆ˥ 6-ᄅㄥƐㄥϛƖㄣ :pNפ | |||
| ɐʇɐpᴉʞᴉM ʇɐ sᴉɥʇ ʇᴉpƎ loɹʇuoɔ ʎʇᴉɹoɥʇn∀ | |||
| sɹɐʇᴉnפ | |||
| ǝʇʌ | |||
| suoɯɯoƆ ɐᴉpǝɯᴉʞᴉM ʇɐ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ oʇ pǝʇɐlǝɹ ɐᴉpǝW | |||
| ˙ʎɹɐuoᴉʇɔᴉp ǝǝɹɟ ǝɥʇ 'ʎɹɐuoᴉʇʞᴉM uᴉ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ dn ʞoo˥ | |||
| sʞuᴉl lɐuɹǝʇxƎ | |||
| ˙9ᄅ-Ɛ0-ㄣƖ0ᄅ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙sǝɯᴉ┴ ʞɹo⅄ ʍǝN ǝɥ┴ ˙,,99 ʇɐ sǝᴉp 'ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ oɔuǝɯɐlℲ ɹǝʇsɐW 'ɐíɔn˥ ǝp oɔɐԀ,, | |||
| ˙ƐƖ0ᄅ ɥɔɹɐW ㄣ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙ᄅ-8ㄥㄣᄅ-06Ɛㄥ-0-8ㄥ6 NqSI ˙ϛ ˙d ˙ƃuᴉɥsᴉlqnԀ ɔᴉsnW pǝɹɟl∀ ˙oɔuǝɯɐlℲ 'sɐlʇ∀ ɹɐʇᴉnפ ˙(ᄅ00ᄅ ǝunſ Ɩ) sᴉuuǝp 'ɹǝʇsoʞ | |||
| ˙Ɛ-Ɛ96ϛ-ㄣ68ㄥ-0-8ㄥ6 NqSI ˙0ㄣ ˙d ˙qnԀ ʎǝlsɹǝpuᴉʞ ƃuᴉlɹop ˙sɹǝʎɐld 'ʎɹoʇsᴉɥ 'ɔᴉsnɯ :ɹɐʇᴉnפ ˙(000ᄅ) ɔᴉɹƎ 'uoʇdɐlƆ ;pɹɐɥɔᴉɹ 'uɐɯdɐɥƆ* | |||
| ˙ㄣƖ-Ɩ0-0Ɩ0ᄅ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙ɯoɔ˙ǝsᴉʍƃᴉפ ˙,,¡ɹǝʌƎ ˙˙˙sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 0ϛ ǝɥ┴,, | |||
| ˙8Ɩ-ƖƖ-600ᄅ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙ㄣƖ-80-600ᄅ ˙ƎWI┴ ˙,,sɹǝʎɐlԀ ɹɐʇᴉnפ-ɔᴉɹʇɔǝlƎ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 0Ɩ ǝɥ┴,, | |||
| ˙ㄣ0-0Ɩ-ϛƖ0ᄅ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙,,sɹǝʎɐlԀ ɹɐʇᴉnפ ɔᴉʇsnoɔ∀ ǝlɐɯǝℲ ƃuᴉzɐɯ∀ ʇɥƃᴉƎ,, | |||
| ˙9-ᄅ98Ɛ-9ㄣϛㄥ-0 NqSI ˙8Ɛ ˙d ˙pʇ˥ 'ƃuᴉɥsᴉlqnԀ ǝʇɐƃɥs∀ ˙ɹǝʍod lɹᴉƃ puɐ ǝsɹnoɔsᴉp 'ʞɔoɹ :ʎɹʇsnpuᴉ ɔᴉsnɯ ǝɥʇ uᴉ ɹǝpuǝפ ˙(ㄥ00ᄅ) uoᴉɹɐW 'pɹɐuoǝ˥ | |||
| ㄥ9 ˙dd '6ㄣ °u 'ㄥƖƖ ˙loʌ 'pɹɐoqllᴉq | |||
| ˙ϛ-6Ɩ9ㄣ0-ㄣƐ9-0 NqSI ˙uoᴉʇɐɹodɹoƆ pɹɐuoǝ˥ lɐH ˙ǝuᴉzɐƃɐW plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ ɟo sǝƃɐԀ ǝɥʇ ɯoɹɟ ǝɯᴉ┴ ll∀ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ ǝɥʇ sʇuǝsǝɹԀ plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ ˙(ᄅ00ᄅ) ᴉʞsuᴉlo┴ pɐɹq 'sʇʇᴉʞ ɟɟǝſ | |||
| ˙8-ㄣ0Ɛㄣ-06Ɛㄥ-0 NqSI ˙Ɩ ˙d ˙ƃuᴉɥsᴉlqnԀ pǝɹɟl∀ ˙ʎɹʇsnpuI pǝʇɐuᴉɯop-ǝlɐW ɐ uᴉ ƃuᴉʞɹoM ɹoɟ ǝpᴉnפ lɐᴉʇuǝssƎ ǝɥ┴ :ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ǝlɐɯǝℲ ɐ s∀ pǝǝɔɔnS oʇ ʍoH ˙(ㄥ00ᄅ) uɐᴉʌᴉΛ 'ʇuǝɯǝlƆ | |||
| ˙ᄅƖ0ᄅ ɹǝqɯǝɔǝp ƖƐ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙ƖƖ0ᄅ ɹǝqɯǝʌoN Ɛᄅ uo lɐuᴉƃᴉɹo ǝɥʇ ɯoɹɟ pǝʌᴉɥɔɹ∀ ˙ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ ˙,,ɹǝɥƃɐllɐפ ʎɹoɹ :sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ,, | |||
| ˙8Ɩ-ƖƖ-600ᄅ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙ƐƖ0ᄅ ǝunſ ϛ uo lɐuᴉƃᴉɹo ǝɥʇ ɯoɹɟ pǝʌᴉɥɔɹ∀ ˙sɔᴉʇᴉɹɔƃolq ˙,,ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ oʇ ƃuᴉpɹoɔɔ∀ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ 00Ɩ do┴ ǝɥ┴,, ˙(8ᄅ-80-Ɛ00ᄅ) ʎɹoǝɥ┴ ǝɥ┴ | |||
| ˙8Ɩ-ƖƖ-600ᄅ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙uɐᴉpɹɐnפ ǝɥ┴ :uopuo˥ ˙,,¿ǝɯᴉʇ llɐ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹƃ 00Ɩ ǝɥʇ ǝɹɐ oɥM,, ˙(ƐƖ-ᄅ0-ㄥ00ᄅ) lnɐԀ 'sǝuuIɔɐW | |||
| ˙Ɩ0-ᄅƖ-ƖƖ0ᄅ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙8Ɩ-60-Ɛ00ᄅ ˙ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ ˙,,ǝɯᴉ┴ ll∀ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ ǝɥ┴,, | |||
| sǝɔuǝɹǝɟǝɹ | |||
| ˙,,˙sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹƃ s,ʎɹoʇsᴉɥ ɟo ǝuo,, sɐ ɐíɔn˥ ǝp oʇ pǝɹɹǝɟǝɹ sɐɥ 'oɔuǝɯɐlℲ 'sɐlʇ∀ ɹɐʇᴉnפ ɟo ɹoɥʇnɐ 'ɹǝʇsoʞ sᴉuuǝp puɐ ',,ɹɐʇᴉnƃ oɔuǝɯɐlɟ ɟo plɹoʍ ǝɥʇ uᴉ ǝɹnƃᴉɟ ɔᴉuɐʇᴉʇ,, ɐ sɐ ɐíɔn˥ ǝp ǝqᴉɹɔsǝp 'sɹǝʎɐlԀ 'ʎɹoʇsᴉH 'ɔᴉsnW :ɹɐʇᴉnפ ɟo sɹoɥʇnɐ 'uoʇdɐlƆ ɔᴉɹƎ puɐ uɐɯdɐɥƆ pɹɐɥɔᴉɹ ˙zzɐɾ puɐ lɐɔᴉssɐlɔ sɐ ɥɔns ɔᴉsnɯ ɟo sǝɹuǝƃ ɹǝɥʇo oʇuᴉ ɹǝʌo pǝssoɹɔ ʎllnɟssǝɔɔns ǝʌɐɥ oʇ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ oɔuǝɯɐlɟ ʇsɹᴉɟ ǝɥʇ ɟo ǝuo 'ɐíɔn˥ ǝp oɔɐԀ sɐʍ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ,,ǝɹuǝƃ ssoɹɔ puɐ lɐɔᴉssɐlɔ ǝlqɐʇou,, ʇsoɯ ǝɥʇ 'sǝpɐɔǝp ʇuǝɔǝɹ uI | |||
| ==Notable guitarists== | |||
| ] | |||
| ˙sɥɔodǝ ǝʌᴉʇɔǝdsǝɹ ɹᴉǝɥʇ uᴉ ǝlqɐʇou sɐ pǝʇsᴉl sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ lɐɔᴉssɐlɔ ʎuɐɯ ǝɹɐ ǝɹǝɥ┴ | |||
| ===Rock, heavy metal, jazz and country=== | |||
| sǝɹuǝƃ ɹǝɥʇO | |||
| Several ]s and ]s have compiled what they intend as lists of the greatest guitarists—for example ''The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time'' by '']'' magazine, or ''100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time'' by '']'' magazine. | |||
| ˙ʇʇǝɯɯɐH ʞɹᴉʞ puɐ spɹɐɥɔᴉɹ ɥʇᴉǝʞ 'ƃuᴉʞ ˙q˙q 'ǝƃɐԀ ʎɯɯᴉſ ʎq pǝʍolloɟ 'ɹǝʌǝ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹƃ ǝɥʇ sɐ xᴉɹpuǝH ᴉɯᴉſ sʞuɐɹ oslɐ 'ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ɔᴉsnɯ ǝuᴉluo uɐ 'ɯoɔ˙ǝsᴉʍƃᴉפ ˙uoʇdɐlƆ ɔᴉɹƎ puɐ 'ǝƃɐԀ ʎɯɯᴉſ 'spɹɐɥɔᴉɹ ɥʇᴉǝʞ 'ƃuᴉʞ ˙q˙q 'sǝsoɹ ,N, sunפ ɯoɹɟ ɥsɐlS ʎq pǝʍolloɟ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹƃ ǝɥʇ sɐ uǝsoɥɔ sɐʍ xᴉɹpuǝH ᴉɯᴉſ 'ʇsᴉl s,ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ uᴉ s∀ ˙ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɔᴉɹʇɔǝlǝ uᴉ sʇsᴉʇɹɐ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹƃ 0Ɩ ɟo ʇsᴉl ɹᴉǝɥʇ pǝʇuǝsǝɹd ǝʇᴉsqǝʍ ƎWI┴ 'lnɐԀ sǝ˥ ɟo ɥʇɐǝp ǝɥʇ ƃuᴉʍolloℲ | |||
| sɹǝɥʇo puɐ ƎWI┴ | |||
| ˙uᴉqsI uoɹɐɥS puɐ uosɹǝpu∀ lǝᴉɹnW 'ƃuᴉʞ ᴉʞɐʞ ƃuᴉpnlɔuᴉ ,,'sɹǝʎɐlԀ ɔᴉʇsnoɔ∀ ǝlɐɯǝℲ ƃuᴉzɐɯ∀ ʇɥƃᴉƎ,, ɟo ʇsᴉl ɐ pǝɥsᴉlqnd ʎlʇuǝɔǝɹ plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ 'ɹǝʌǝʍoH ˙uoᴉʇɔǝlǝs sʇᴉ uᴉɥʇᴉʍ suɐᴉɔᴉsnɯ ǝlɐɯǝɟ ou ƃuᴉpnlɔuᴉ ɹoɟ pǝzᴉɔᴉʇᴉɹɔ sɐʍ plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ ʎq uoᴉʇɐɔᴉlqnd sᴉɥʇ 'pɹɐoqllᴉq ǝʞᴉl sǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ɹǝɥʇo uᴉ ǝɔuɐɹɐǝddɐ ǝɥʇ ǝʇᴉdsǝp ˙sɹǝʎɐld zzɐɾ ɹoɟ ,,uǝɯzzɐſ,, ɹo sʇsᴉʇɹɐ ʞɔoɹ pɹɐɥ ɹoɟ ,,ʞɔoɹ pɹɐH ɟo spɹo˥,, sɐ ɥɔns—ǝɹuǝƃ ɔᴉsnɯ ʎq sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ pǝpᴉʌᴉp plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ 'ɹǝpɹo ƃuᴉpuǝɔsǝp uᴉ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ pǝʇsᴉl ɥɔᴉɥʍ 'ʇsᴉl ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ ǝɥʇ ɯoɹɟ ʇuǝɹǝɟɟᴉp ˙ǝuᴉzɐƃɐW plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ ɟo sǝƃɐԀ ǝɥʇ ɯoɹɟ ǝɯᴉ┴ ll∀ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ ǝɥʇ sʇuǝsǝɹԀ plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ ʞooq ǝɥʇ uᴉ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹƃ 00Ɩ ɟo ʇsᴉl ɹᴉǝɥʇ pǝɥsᴉlqnd oslɐ 'ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɥʇ oʇ pǝʇoʌǝp ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ɔᴉsnɯ ʎlɥʇuoɯ ɐ 'plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ | |||
| plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ | |||
| ˙ʇsᴉl ǝɥʇ uᴉ ɹɐǝddɐ oɥʍ sʇsᴉʇɹɐ ʇnoqɐ sǝᴉɥdɐɹƃoᴉq ʎuɐɯ uᴉ pǝuoᴉʇuǝɯ sᴉ ǝɯᴉ┴ ll∀ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ ǝɥ┴ | |||
| ˙ǝɔɐld ɥʇㄥϛ uᴉ pǝʞuɐɹ sɐʍ 'ǝldɯɐxǝ ɹoɟ 'ɹǝɥƃɐllɐפ ʎɹoɹ ˙pǝppɐ ǝɹǝʍ ʇsᴉl snoᴉʌǝɹd ǝɥʇ uᴉ pǝpnlɔuᴉ uǝǝq ʇou pɐɥ oɥʍ sʇsᴉʇɹ∀ ˙ʞɔǝq ɟɟǝſ puɐ spɹɐɥɔᴉɹ ɥʇᴉǝʞ 'ǝƃɐԀ ʎɯɯᴉſ 'uoʇdɐlƆ ɔᴉɹƎ 'xᴉɹpuǝH ᴉɯᴉſ ɟo ƃuᴉʇsᴉsuoɔ ϛ doʇ ǝɥʇ ɥʇᴉʍ sʇɹǝdxǝ ɹǝɥʇo puɐ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɟo lǝuɐd ɐ ʎq uǝsoɥɔ sɐʍ ǝɯᴉʇ sᴉɥʇ ɥɔᴉɥʍ 'ʇsᴉl ǝɥʇ pǝʇɐpdn ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ 'ƖƖ0ᄅ uI | |||
| ˙ᴉɔɔnɹʇǝԀ uɥoſ ɹo ʎƃƃɐǝʞ lᴉɥԀ 'ɐloǝW ᴉp l∀ 'ɹɹɐW ʎuuɥoſ sɐ ɥɔns 'ʎɥʇɹoʍ ǝɹoɯ sdɐɥɹǝd pǝɹǝpᴉsuoɔ ɹǝʇᴉɹʍ ǝɥʇ sʇsᴉʇɹɐ ǝɯos ƃuᴉʇʇǝƃɹoɟ ǝlᴉɥʍ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ƃuᴉʌɹǝsǝpun ʎlpǝƃǝllɐ ǝɯos ƃuᴉɔnpoɹʇuᴉ ɹoɟ ʇsᴉl ǝɥʇ pǝzᴉɔᴉʇᴉɹɔ sɔᴉʇᴉɹɔƃolq ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ǝuᴉluo ǝɥ┴ ˙0Ɩ doʇ ǝɥʇ uᴉ suoᴉʇdǝɔxǝ ǝǝɹɥʇ pǝʇou oslɐ ǝɥ ɥƃnoɥʇ ,,'sʞuɐ⅄ ɥʇᴉʍ pǝʞɔɐd-ɯɐɾ ɹᴉɐɟ sᴉ 0Ɩ doʇ ǝɥʇ 'ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ uɐɔᴉɹǝɯ∀ uɐ ɹoɟ ɥƃnouǝ ʎlƃuᴉsᴉɹdɹnS,, 'ǝʇoɹʍ uɐᴉpɹɐnפ ǝɥ┴ ɹǝdɐdsʍǝu ɥsᴉʇᴉɹq ɯoɹɟ sǝuuIɔɐW lnɐԀ 'sɹǝpɐǝɹ oʇ ʇsᴉl ǝɥʇ ƃuᴉqᴉɹɔsǝp uI | |||
| ˙ʇsᴉl ǝɥʇ uᴉ 0ϛ# ʇɐ pǝʞuɐɹ 'uɹnʇ sᴉɥ uᴉ 'sɐʍ oɥʍ 'oɥM ǝɥ┴ ɹoɟ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ 'puǝɥsuʍo┴ ǝʇǝԀ ʎq pǝɔnpoɹʇuᴉ xᴉɹpuǝH ᴉɯᴉſ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ uɐɔᴉɹǝɯ∀ ǝɥʇ sᴉ ʇsᴉl sᴉɥʇ uᴉ ʇsɹᴉɟ ǝɥ┴ ˙ɯǝɥʇ ɟo ɥɔɐǝ ɹoɟ uoᴉʇɔnpoɹʇuᴉ ɟǝᴉɹq ɐ ɥʇᴉʍ 'ʇsǝq ǝɥʇ pǝɹǝpᴉsuoɔ ǝʞɔᴉɹℲ pᴉʌɐp ɹoʇᴉpǝ ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ǝɥʇ ɯoɥʍ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ 00Ɩ pǝpnlɔuᴉ ʇsᴉl sᴉɥ┴ ˙ǝɯᴉ┴ ll∀ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ ǝɥ┴ pǝllɐɔ ʇsᴉl ɐ pǝɥsᴉlqnd ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ 'Ɛ00ᄅ uI | |||
| ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ | |||
| ˙ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ ʎq ǝɯᴉ┴ ll∀ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ ɹo 'ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ ʎq ǝɯᴉ┴ ll∀ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ ǝɥ┴ ǝldɯɐxǝ ɹoɟ—sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹƃ ǝɥʇ ɟo sʇsᴉl sɐ puǝʇuᴉ ʎǝɥʇ ʇɐɥʍ pǝlᴉdɯoɔ ǝʌɐɥ sǝʇᴉsqǝʍ puɐ sǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ lɐɹǝʌǝS | |||
| ;{{anchor|Rolling Stone}}''Rolling Stone'': In 2003, '']'' magazine published a list called ''The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time''. This list included 100 guitarists whom the magazine editor ] considered the best, with a brief introduction for each of them.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-guitarists-of-all-time-19691231|title=The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time|publisher='']''|date=2003-09-18|accessdate=2011-12-01}}</ref> The first in this list is the American guitarist ] introduced by ], guitarist for ], who was, in his turn, ranked at #50 in the list. | |||
| ʎɹʇunoɔ puɐ zzɐɾ 'lɐʇǝɯ ʎʌɐǝɥ 'ʞɔoɹ | |||
| ˙ǝƃɐd ǝƃɐɯᴉ ǝɥʇ uo pǝɯɐu ǝɹɐ pǝɹnʇɔᴉd sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɥ┴ ˙sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɟo ǝƃɐʇuoW | |||
| sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝlqɐʇoN | |||
| :In describing the list to readers, Paul MacInnes from British newspaper '']'' wrote, "Surprisingly enough for an American magazine, the top 10 is fair jam-packed with Yanks," though he also noted three exceptions in the top 10.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2007/feb/13/whoarethe100greatestguita|title=Who are the 100 greatest guitarists of all time?|first=Paul|last=MacInnes|publisher='']''|date=2007-02-13|accessdate=2009-11-18 | location=London}}</ref> The online magazine '']'' criticized the list for introducing some {{which|date=May 2010}} allegedly undeserving guitarists while forgetting some artists the writer considered perhaps more worthy, such as ], ], ] or ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogcritics.org/the-top-100-guitarists-according-to/ |publisher='']'' |title=The Top 100 Guitarists According to Rolling Stone |author=The Theory |date=2003-08-28 |accessdate=2009-11-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605091245/http://blogcritics.org/the-top-100-guitarists-according-to/ |archivedate=5 June 2013 }}</ref> | |||
| ˙ǝɔuɐɯɹoɟɹǝd uᴉ pǝxᴉɯɹǝʇuᴉ ǝq ʎɐɯ sǝnbᴉuɥɔǝʇ puɐɥ-ʇɥƃᴉɹ puɐ -ʇɟǝl ǝsǝɥ┴ ˙lɐʇǝɯ ɹo ssɐlƃ ɟo ǝpɐɯ ʎllɐnsn 'sǝpᴉls ɹɐʇᴉnƃ-lǝǝʇs ɹo ,ʞɔǝuǝlʇʇoq, puɐ '(ʇǝɹɟ ɹɐlnɔᴉʇɹɐd ɐ ʇɐ sƃuᴉɹʇs llɐ ɹo ʎuɐɯ ssoɹɔɐ ƃuᴉʎl ɹǝƃuᴉɟ ɐ) ǝɹɹɐq ǝɥʇ 'ƃuᴉqɯnɥʇ 'ƃuᴉɹǝƃuᴉɟ ƃuᴉpnlɔuᴉ 'spɹoɥɔ puɐ sǝʇou ƃuᴉʇɔǝlǝs ɹoɟ spoɥʇǝɯ snoᴉɹɐʌ ʎoldɯǝ oslɐ ʎɐɯ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɥ┴ | |||
| :In 2011, ''Rolling Stone'' updated the list, which this time was chosen by a panel of guitarists and other experts with the top 5 consisting of ], ], ], ] and ]. Artists who had not been included in the previous list were added. ], for example, was ranked in 57th place.<ref name="Greatest guitarist Rory Gallagher">{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-guitarists-20111123/rory-gallagher-19691231|title=100 Greatest Guitarists: Rory Gallagher|publisher=Rolling Stone magazine|accessdate=31 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712063544/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-guitarists-20111123/rory-gallagher-19691231|archive-date=23 November 2011|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | |||
| :''The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time'' is mentioned in many biographies about artists who appear in the list.<ref>{{cite book|title=How to Succeed As a Female Guitarist: The Essential Guide for Working in a Male-dominated Industry|first=Vivian|last= Clement|page=1|publisher=Alfred Publishing|year=2007|isbn=0-7390-4304-8}}</ref> | |||
| ˙ƃuᴉʞɔᴉd-ɹǝƃuᴉɟ puɐ ƃuᴉʞɔᴉdʇɐlɟ ɔᴉpolǝɯ puɐ 'ɹǝdɐd ɹo 'ɹǝɥʇɐǝl 'ʇlǝɟ 'lɐʇǝɯ 'ɔᴉʇsɐld 'uɹoɥ 'ǝuoq ɟo ǝpɐɯ ʞɔᴉd ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɐ ɹo 'sɹǝƃuᴉɟ ǝɥʇ ɥʇᴉʍ ƃuᴉɯɯnɹʇs ƃuᴉpnlɔuᴉ puɐ '(lǝǝʇs ɹo uolʎu ɹǝɥʇᴉǝ) pǝsn sƃuᴉɹʇs ɟo ǝdʎʇ ǝɥʇ uo ƃuᴉpuǝdǝp 'ƃuᴉʞɔᴉd ɹǝƃuᴉɟ ƃuᴉpnlɔuᴉ 'ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɥʇ ƃuᴉpunos ɹoɟ spoɥʇǝɯ lɐɹǝʌǝs ɟo ʎuɐ ʎoldɯǝ ʎɐɯ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɥ┴ | |||
| ;''Guitar World'': '']'', a monthly music magazine devoted to the guitar, also published their list of 100 greatest guitarists in the book ''Guitar World Presents the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time from the Pages of Guitar World Magazine''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Guitar World Presents the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time from the Pages of Guitar World Magazine|publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation|author=Jeff Kitts, Brad Tolinski|year=2002|isbn=0-634-04619-5}}</ref> Different from the ''Rolling Stone'' list, which listed guitarists in descending order, ''Guitar World'' divided guitarists by ]—such as "Lords of Hard Rock" for ] artists or "Jazzmen" for ] players. Despite the appearance in other magazines like '']'',<ref>''Billboard'', vol. 117, n° 49, pp. 67</ref> this publication by ''Guitar World'' was criticized for including no female musicians within its selection.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gender in the music industry: Rock, discourse and girl power|page=38|first=Marion|last= Leonard|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd|year=2007|isbn=0-7546-3862-6}}</ref> However, ''Guitar World'' recently published a list of "Eight Amazing Female Acoustic Players," including ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Eight Amazing Female Acoustic Guitar Players|url = http://www.guitarworld.com/acoustic-nation-eight-amazing-female-acoustic-players|accessdate = 2015-10-04}}</ref> | |||
| sǝnbᴉuɥɔǝ┴ | |||
| sʞuᴉl lɐuɹǝʇxƎ ㄣ | |||
| sǝɔuǝɹǝɟǝɹ Ɛ | |||
| sǝɹuǝƃ ɹǝɥʇO ᄅ˙ᄅ | |||
| ʎɹʇunoɔ puɐ zzɐɾ 'lɐʇǝɯ ʎʌɐǝɥ 'ʞɔoɹ Ɩ˙ᄅ | |||
| sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝlqɐʇoN ᄅ | |||
| sǝnbᴉuɥɔǝ┴ Ɩ | |||
| sʇuǝʇuoƆ | |||
| ;''TIME'' and others: Following the death of ], '']'' website presented their list of 10 greatest artists in ]. As in ''Rolling Stone'' magazine's list, Jimi Hendrix was chosen as the greatest guitarist followed by ] from ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1916544_1921910,00.html|title=The 10 Greatest Electric-Guitar Players|publisher='']''|accessdate=2009-11-18 | date=2009-08-14}}</ref> '']'', an online music magazine, also ranks Jimi Hendrix as the greatest guitarist ever, followed by Jimmy Page, B.B. King, Keith Richards and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gigwise.com/news/40852/The-50-Greatest-Guitarists-Ever|title=The 50 Greatest Guitarists... Ever!|publisher='']''|accessdate=2010-01-14}}</ref> | |||
| ˙ɐɔᴉuoɯɹɐɥ ǝɥʇ ƃuᴉʎɐld ɹo ƃuᴉƃuᴉs ʎq ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɥʇ uo sǝʌlǝsɯǝɥʇ ʎuɐdɯoɔɔɐ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɯoS ˙sɹɐʇᴉnƃ ssɐq puɐ 'sɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɔᴉɹʇɔǝlǝ 'sɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɔᴉʇsnoɔɐ 'sɹɐʇᴉnƃ lɐɔᴉssɐlɔ sɐ ɥɔns sʇuǝɯnɹʇsuᴉ ʎlᴉɯɐɟ ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɟo ʎʇǝᴉɹɐʌ ɐ ʎɐld ʎɐɯ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ˙ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɥʇ sʎɐld oɥʍ uosɹǝd ɐ sᴉ (ɹǝʎɐld ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɐ ɹo) ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ∀ | |||
| ===Other genres=== | |||
| ˙sǝɹᴉ∀ souǝnq ɟo ǝɹʇuǝɔ ʎʇᴉɔ ǝɥʇ uᴉ sɹǝʎɐld ɹɐʇᴉnפ | |||
| There are many ] listed as ''notable'' in their respective epochs. | |||
| ˙ㄥƖ0ᄅ uᴉ lɐʌᴉʇsǝℲ ɹɐʇᴉnפ nqᴉlɐW lɐnuu∀ pɹƐ ǝɥʇ ʇɐ ƃuᴉɯɹoɟɹǝd ɐllǝɹɐddǝZ puɐq ǝʇnqᴉɹʇ ʞɔoɹ ɟo uuǝW uǝɥɔʇǝɹפ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ | |||
| In recent decades, the most "notable classical and cross genre" guitarist was ], one of the first ] to have successfully crossed over into other genres of music such as classical and jazz. ] and ], authors of ''Guitar: Music, History, Players'', describe de Lucía as a "titanic figure in the world of ]",<ref>*{{cite book|last1=Chapman|first1=Richard|last2=Clapton|first2=Eric|title=Guitar: music, history, players|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLUXAQAAIAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Dorling Kindersley Pub.|isbn=978-0-7894-5963-3|page=40|ref=harv}}</ref> and Dennis Koster, author of ''Guitar Atlas, Flamenco'', has referred to de Lucía as "one of history's greatest guitarists.".<ref name="Koster2002">{{cite book|last=Koster|first=Dennis|title=Guitar Atlas, Flamenco|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l8SMixi1mbQC&pg=PA5|accessdate=4 March 2013|date=1 June 2002|publisher=Alfred Music Publishing|isbn=978-0-7390-2478-2|page=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/27/arts/music/paco-de-lucia-flamenco-guitarist-dies-at-66.html?_r=0|title=Paco de Lucía, Master Flamenco Guitarist, Dies at 66|newspaper=]|accessdate=2014-03-26}}</ref> | |||
| ˙ɹǝʎɐlԀ ɹɐʇᴉnפ ǝǝs 'ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ uɐɔᴉɹǝɯ∀ ǝɥʇ ɹoℲ ˙(ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ) ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ǝǝs 'ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ʞ∩ ǝɥʇ ɹoℲ | |||
| ==References== | |||
| ɥɔɹɐǝs oʇ dɯnſuoᴉʇɐƃᴉʌɐu oʇ dɯnſ | |||
| {{reflist|30em}} | |||
| ˙(ǝƃuɐɥɔ ʇsɐl) ɹǝsn ɹǝɥʇouɐ ɯoɹɟ ǝƃɐssǝɯ ʍǝu ɐ ǝʌɐɥ no⅄ | |||
| ɐᴉpǝdolɔʎɔuǝ ǝǝɹɟ ǝɥʇ 'ɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM ɯoɹℲ | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ | |||
| {{wiktionary|guitarist}} | |||
| *{{Commons category-inline|Guitarists}} | |||
| {{Guitars}} | |||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| ] | |||
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Revision as of 14:44, 8 May 2019
ᴉʞᴉMɐᴉpǝW ʎq pǝɹǝʍoԀ uoᴉʇɐpunoℲ ɐᴉpǝɯᴉʞᴉMʍǝᴉʌ ǝlᴉqoWʇuǝɯǝʇɐʇs ǝᴉʞooƆsɹǝdolǝʌǝpɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM ʇɔɐʇuoƆsɹǝɯᴉɐlɔsᴉpɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM ʇnoq∀ʎɔᴉlod ʎɔɐʌᴉɹԀ ˙uoᴉʇɐzᴉuɐƃɹo ʇᴉɟoɹd-uou ɐ '˙ɔuI 'uoᴉʇɐpunoℲ ɐᴉpǝɯᴉʞᴉM ǝɥʇ ɟo ʞɹɐɯǝpɐɹʇ pǝɹǝʇsᴉƃǝɹ ɐ sᴉ ®ɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM ˙ʎɔᴉloԀ ʎɔɐʌᴉɹԀ puɐ ǝs∩ ɟo sɯɹǝ┴ ǝɥʇ oʇ ǝǝɹƃɐ noʎ 'ǝʇᴉs sᴉɥʇ ƃuᴉsn ʎq ˙ʎlddɐ ʎɐɯ sɯɹǝʇ lɐuoᴉʇᴉppɐ ;ǝsuǝɔᴉ˥ ǝʞᴉl∀ǝɹɐɥS-uoᴉʇnqᴉɹʇʇ∀ suoɯɯoƆ ǝʌᴉʇɐǝɹƆ ǝɥʇ ɹǝpun ǝlqɐlᴉɐʌɐ sᴉ ʇxǝ┴ ˙(Ɔ┴∩) Ɩㄣ:ㄣƖ ʇɐ '6Ɩ0ᄅ ɥɔɹɐW 9ᄅ uo pǝʇᴉpǝ ʇsɐl sɐʍ ǝƃɐd sᴉɥ┴ sʞuᴉl ʇᴉpƎ ǝɹoɯ 8ᄅ 文中 йикссуР sênƃnʇɹoԀ ouɐᴉlɐʇI ɐᴉsǝuopuI ɐsɐɥɐq 어국한 sᴉɐçuɐɹℲ ɥɔsʇnǝp ةيبرعلا sǝƃɐnƃuɐ˥
suoɯɯoƆ ɐᴉpǝɯᴉʞᴉM sʇɔǝɾoɹd ɹǝɥʇo uI uoᴉsɹǝʌ ǝlqɐʇuᴉɹԀ ℲpԀ sɐ pɐoluʍop ʞooq ɐ ǝʇɐǝɹƆ ʇɹodxǝ/ʇuᴉɹԀ ǝƃɐd sᴉɥʇ ǝʇᴉƆ ɯǝʇᴉ ɐʇɐpᴉʞᴉM uoᴉʇɐɯɹoɟuᴉ ǝƃɐԀ ʞuᴉl ʇuǝuɐɯɹǝԀ sǝƃɐd lɐᴉɔǝdS ǝlᴉɟ pɐold∩ sǝƃuɐɥɔ pǝʇɐlǝɹ ǝɹǝɥ sʞuᴉl ʇɐɥM sloo┴ ǝƃɐd ʇɔɐʇuoƆ sǝƃuɐɥɔ ʇuǝɔǝɹ lɐʇɹod ʎʇᴉunɯɯoƆ ɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM ʇnoq∀ dlǝH uoᴉʇɔɐɹǝʇuI ǝɹoʇs ɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM ɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM oʇ ǝʇɐuop ǝlɔᴉʇɹɐ ɯopuɐɹ sʇuǝʌǝ ʇuǝɹɹnƆ ʇuǝʇuoɔ pǝɹnʇɐǝℲ sʇuǝʇuoƆ ǝƃɐd uᴉɐW ɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM ɥɔɹɐǝS ɥɔɹɐǝSʎɹoʇsᴉɥ ʍǝᴉΛʇᴉpƎpɐǝɹʞlɐ┴ǝlɔᴉʇɹ∀uᴉ ƃo˥ʇunoɔɔɐ ǝʇɐǝɹƆsuoᴉʇnqᴉɹʇuoƆʞlɐ┴uᴉ pǝƃƃol ʇoN nuǝɯ uoᴉʇɐƃᴉʌɐN ɔᴉsnɯ uᴉ suoᴉʇɐdnɔɔOsʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ :sǝᴉɹoƃǝʇɐƆ 6Ɩ89ϛƖƖ0 :˥pN 9ㄣ8ㄥϛ0ϛ8ɥs :NƆƆ˥ 6-ᄅㄥƐㄥϛƖㄣ :pNפ ɐʇɐpᴉʞᴉM ʇɐ sᴉɥʇ ʇᴉpƎ loɹʇuoɔ ʎʇᴉɹoɥʇn∀ sɹɐʇᴉnפ ǝʇʌ suoɯɯoƆ ɐᴉpǝɯᴉʞᴉM ʇɐ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ oʇ pǝʇɐlǝɹ ɐᴉpǝW ˙ʎɹɐuoᴉʇɔᴉp ǝǝɹɟ ǝɥʇ 'ʎɹɐuoᴉʇʞᴉM uᴉ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ dn ʞoo˥ sʞuᴉl lɐuɹǝʇxƎ ˙9ᄅ-Ɛ0-ㄣƖ0ᄅ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙sǝɯᴉ┴ ʞɹo⅄ ʍǝN ǝɥ┴ ˙,,99 ʇɐ sǝᴉp 'ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ oɔuǝɯɐlℲ ɹǝʇsɐW 'ɐíɔn˥ ǝp oɔɐԀ,, ˙ƐƖ0ᄅ ɥɔɹɐW ㄣ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙ᄅ-8ㄥㄣᄅ-06Ɛㄥ-0-8ㄥ6 NqSI ˙ϛ ˙d ˙ƃuᴉɥsᴉlqnԀ ɔᴉsnW pǝɹɟl∀ ˙oɔuǝɯɐlℲ 'sɐlʇ∀ ɹɐʇᴉnפ ˙(ᄅ00ᄅ ǝunſ Ɩ) sᴉuuǝp 'ɹǝʇsoʞ ˙Ɛ-Ɛ96ϛ-ㄣ68ㄥ-0-8ㄥ6 NqSI ˙0ㄣ ˙d ˙qnԀ ʎǝlsɹǝpuᴉʞ ƃuᴉlɹop ˙sɹǝʎɐld 'ʎɹoʇsᴉɥ 'ɔᴉsnɯ :ɹɐʇᴉnפ ˙(000ᄅ) ɔᴉɹƎ 'uoʇdɐlƆ ;pɹɐɥɔᴉɹ 'uɐɯdɐɥƆ* ˙ㄣƖ-Ɩ0-0Ɩ0ᄅ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙ɯoɔ˙ǝsᴉʍƃᴉפ ˙,,¡ɹǝʌƎ ˙˙˙sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 0ϛ ǝɥ┴,, ˙8Ɩ-ƖƖ-600ᄅ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙ㄣƖ-80-600ᄅ ˙ƎWI┴ ˙,,sɹǝʎɐlԀ ɹɐʇᴉnפ-ɔᴉɹʇɔǝlƎ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 0Ɩ ǝɥ┴,, ˙ㄣ0-0Ɩ-ϛƖ0ᄅ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙,,sɹǝʎɐlԀ ɹɐʇᴉnפ ɔᴉʇsnoɔ∀ ǝlɐɯǝℲ ƃuᴉzɐɯ∀ ʇɥƃᴉƎ,, ˙9-ᄅ98Ɛ-9ㄣϛㄥ-0 NqSI ˙8Ɛ ˙d ˙pʇ˥ 'ƃuᴉɥsᴉlqnԀ ǝʇɐƃɥs∀ ˙ɹǝʍod lɹᴉƃ puɐ ǝsɹnoɔsᴉp 'ʞɔoɹ :ʎɹʇsnpuᴉ ɔᴉsnɯ ǝɥʇ uᴉ ɹǝpuǝפ ˙(ㄥ00ᄅ) uoᴉɹɐW 'pɹɐuoǝ˥ ㄥ9 ˙dd '6ㄣ °u 'ㄥƖƖ ˙loʌ 'pɹɐoqllᴉq ˙ϛ-6Ɩ9ㄣ0-ㄣƐ9-0 NqSI ˙uoᴉʇɐɹodɹoƆ pɹɐuoǝ˥ lɐH ˙ǝuᴉzɐƃɐW plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ ɟo sǝƃɐԀ ǝɥʇ ɯoɹɟ ǝɯᴉ┴ ll∀ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ ǝɥʇ sʇuǝsǝɹԀ plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ ˙(ᄅ00ᄅ) ᴉʞsuᴉlo┴ pɐɹq 'sʇʇᴉʞ ɟɟǝſ ˙8-ㄣ0Ɛㄣ-06Ɛㄥ-0 NqSI ˙Ɩ ˙d ˙ƃuᴉɥsᴉlqnԀ pǝɹɟl∀ ˙ʎɹʇsnpuI pǝʇɐuᴉɯop-ǝlɐW ɐ uᴉ ƃuᴉʞɹoM ɹoɟ ǝpᴉnפ lɐᴉʇuǝssƎ ǝɥ┴ :ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ǝlɐɯǝℲ ɐ s∀ pǝǝɔɔnS oʇ ʍoH ˙(ㄥ00ᄅ) uɐᴉʌᴉΛ 'ʇuǝɯǝlƆ ˙ᄅƖ0ᄅ ɹǝqɯǝɔǝp ƖƐ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙ƖƖ0ᄅ ɹǝqɯǝʌoN Ɛᄅ uo lɐuᴉƃᴉɹo ǝɥʇ ɯoɹɟ pǝʌᴉɥɔɹ∀ ˙ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ ˙,,ɹǝɥƃɐllɐפ ʎɹoɹ :sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ,, ˙8Ɩ-ƖƖ-600ᄅ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙ƐƖ0ᄅ ǝunſ ϛ uo lɐuᴉƃᴉɹo ǝɥʇ ɯoɹɟ pǝʌᴉɥɔɹ∀ ˙sɔᴉʇᴉɹɔƃolq ˙,,ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ oʇ ƃuᴉpɹoɔɔ∀ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ 00Ɩ do┴ ǝɥ┴,, ˙(8ᄅ-80-Ɛ00ᄅ) ʎɹoǝɥ┴ ǝɥ┴ ˙8Ɩ-ƖƖ-600ᄅ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙uɐᴉpɹɐnפ ǝɥ┴ :uopuo˥ ˙,,¿ǝɯᴉʇ llɐ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹƃ 00Ɩ ǝɥʇ ǝɹɐ oɥM,, ˙(ƐƖ-ᄅ0-ㄥ00ᄅ) lnɐԀ 'sǝuuIɔɐW ˙Ɩ0-ᄅƖ-ƖƖ0ᄅ pǝʌǝᴉɹʇǝɹ ˙8Ɩ-60-Ɛ00ᄅ ˙ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ ˙,,ǝɯᴉ┴ ll∀ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ ǝɥ┴,, sǝɔuǝɹǝɟǝɹ
˙,,˙sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹƃ s,ʎɹoʇsᴉɥ ɟo ǝuo,, sɐ ɐíɔn˥ ǝp oʇ pǝɹɹǝɟǝɹ sɐɥ 'oɔuǝɯɐlℲ 'sɐlʇ∀ ɹɐʇᴉnפ ɟo ɹoɥʇnɐ 'ɹǝʇsoʞ sᴉuuǝp puɐ ',,ɹɐʇᴉnƃ oɔuǝɯɐlɟ ɟo plɹoʍ ǝɥʇ uᴉ ǝɹnƃᴉɟ ɔᴉuɐʇᴉʇ,, ɐ sɐ ɐíɔn˥ ǝp ǝqᴉɹɔsǝp 'sɹǝʎɐlԀ 'ʎɹoʇsᴉH 'ɔᴉsnW :ɹɐʇᴉnפ ɟo sɹoɥʇnɐ 'uoʇdɐlƆ ɔᴉɹƎ puɐ uɐɯdɐɥƆ pɹɐɥɔᴉɹ ˙zzɐɾ puɐ lɐɔᴉssɐlɔ sɐ ɥɔns ɔᴉsnɯ ɟo sǝɹuǝƃ ɹǝɥʇo oʇuᴉ ɹǝʌo pǝssoɹɔ ʎllnɟssǝɔɔns ǝʌɐɥ oʇ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ oɔuǝɯɐlɟ ʇsɹᴉɟ ǝɥʇ ɟo ǝuo 'ɐíɔn˥ ǝp oɔɐԀ sɐʍ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ,,ǝɹuǝƃ ssoɹɔ puɐ lɐɔᴉssɐlɔ ǝlqɐʇou,, ʇsoɯ ǝɥʇ 'sǝpɐɔǝp ʇuǝɔǝɹ uI
˙sɥɔodǝ ǝʌᴉʇɔǝdsǝɹ ɹᴉǝɥʇ uᴉ ǝlqɐʇou sɐ pǝʇsᴉl sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ lɐɔᴉssɐlɔ ʎuɐɯ ǝɹɐ ǝɹǝɥ┴ sǝɹuǝƃ ɹǝɥʇO ˙ʇʇǝɯɯɐH ʞɹᴉʞ puɐ spɹɐɥɔᴉɹ ɥʇᴉǝʞ 'ƃuᴉʞ ˙q˙q 'ǝƃɐԀ ʎɯɯᴉſ ʎq pǝʍolloɟ 'ɹǝʌǝ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹƃ ǝɥʇ sɐ xᴉɹpuǝH ᴉɯᴉſ sʞuɐɹ oslɐ 'ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ɔᴉsnɯ ǝuᴉluo uɐ 'ɯoɔ˙ǝsᴉʍƃᴉפ ˙uoʇdɐlƆ ɔᴉɹƎ puɐ 'ǝƃɐԀ ʎɯɯᴉſ 'spɹɐɥɔᴉɹ ɥʇᴉǝʞ 'ƃuᴉʞ ˙q˙q 'sǝsoɹ ,N, sunפ ɯoɹɟ ɥsɐlS ʎq pǝʍolloɟ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹƃ ǝɥʇ sɐ uǝsoɥɔ sɐʍ xᴉɹpuǝH ᴉɯᴉſ 'ʇsᴉl s,ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ uᴉ s∀ ˙ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɔᴉɹʇɔǝlǝ uᴉ sʇsᴉʇɹɐ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹƃ 0Ɩ ɟo ʇsᴉl ɹᴉǝɥʇ pǝʇuǝsǝɹd ǝʇᴉsqǝʍ ƎWI┴ 'lnɐԀ sǝ˥ ɟo ɥʇɐǝp ǝɥʇ ƃuᴉʍolloℲ sɹǝɥʇo puɐ ƎWI┴ ˙uᴉqsI uoɹɐɥS puɐ uosɹǝpu∀ lǝᴉɹnW 'ƃuᴉʞ ᴉʞɐʞ ƃuᴉpnlɔuᴉ ,,'sɹǝʎɐlԀ ɔᴉʇsnoɔ∀ ǝlɐɯǝℲ ƃuᴉzɐɯ∀ ʇɥƃᴉƎ,, ɟo ʇsᴉl ɐ pǝɥsᴉlqnd ʎlʇuǝɔǝɹ plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ 'ɹǝʌǝʍoH ˙uoᴉʇɔǝlǝs sʇᴉ uᴉɥʇᴉʍ suɐᴉɔᴉsnɯ ǝlɐɯǝɟ ou ƃuᴉpnlɔuᴉ ɹoɟ pǝzᴉɔᴉʇᴉɹɔ sɐʍ plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ ʎq uoᴉʇɐɔᴉlqnd sᴉɥʇ 'pɹɐoqllᴉq ǝʞᴉl sǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ɹǝɥʇo uᴉ ǝɔuɐɹɐǝddɐ ǝɥʇ ǝʇᴉdsǝp ˙sɹǝʎɐld zzɐɾ ɹoɟ ,,uǝɯzzɐſ,, ɹo sʇsᴉʇɹɐ ʞɔoɹ pɹɐɥ ɹoɟ ,,ʞɔoɹ pɹɐH ɟo spɹo˥,, sɐ ɥɔns—ǝɹuǝƃ ɔᴉsnɯ ʎq sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ pǝpᴉʌᴉp plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ 'ɹǝpɹo ƃuᴉpuǝɔsǝp uᴉ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ pǝʇsᴉl ɥɔᴉɥʍ 'ʇsᴉl ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ ǝɥʇ ɯoɹɟ ʇuǝɹǝɟɟᴉp ˙ǝuᴉzɐƃɐW plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ ɟo sǝƃɐԀ ǝɥʇ ɯoɹɟ ǝɯᴉ┴ ll∀ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ ǝɥʇ sʇuǝsǝɹԀ plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ ʞooq ǝɥʇ uᴉ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹƃ 00Ɩ ɟo ʇsᴉl ɹᴉǝɥʇ pǝɥsᴉlqnd oslɐ 'ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɥʇ oʇ pǝʇoʌǝp ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ɔᴉsnɯ ʎlɥʇuoɯ ɐ 'plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ ˙ʇsᴉl ǝɥʇ uᴉ ɹɐǝddɐ oɥʍ sʇsᴉʇɹɐ ʇnoqɐ sǝᴉɥdɐɹƃoᴉq ʎuɐɯ uᴉ pǝuoᴉʇuǝɯ sᴉ ǝɯᴉ┴ ll∀ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ ǝɥ┴ ˙ǝɔɐld ɥʇㄥϛ uᴉ pǝʞuɐɹ sɐʍ 'ǝldɯɐxǝ ɹoɟ 'ɹǝɥƃɐllɐפ ʎɹoɹ ˙pǝppɐ ǝɹǝʍ ʇsᴉl snoᴉʌǝɹd ǝɥʇ uᴉ pǝpnlɔuᴉ uǝǝq ʇou pɐɥ oɥʍ sʇsᴉʇɹ∀ ˙ʞɔǝq ɟɟǝſ puɐ spɹɐɥɔᴉɹ ɥʇᴉǝʞ 'ǝƃɐԀ ʎɯɯᴉſ 'uoʇdɐlƆ ɔᴉɹƎ 'xᴉɹpuǝH ᴉɯᴉſ ɟo ƃuᴉʇsᴉsuoɔ ϛ doʇ ǝɥʇ ɥʇᴉʍ sʇɹǝdxǝ ɹǝɥʇo puɐ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɟo lǝuɐd ɐ ʎq uǝsoɥɔ sɐʍ ǝɯᴉʇ sᴉɥʇ ɥɔᴉɥʍ 'ʇsᴉl ǝɥʇ pǝʇɐpdn ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ 'ƖƖ0ᄅ uI ˙ᴉɔɔnɹʇǝԀ uɥoſ ɹo ʎƃƃɐǝʞ lᴉɥԀ 'ɐloǝW ᴉp l∀ 'ɹɹɐW ʎuuɥoſ sɐ ɥɔns 'ʎɥʇɹoʍ ǝɹoɯ sdɐɥɹǝd pǝɹǝpᴉsuoɔ ɹǝʇᴉɹʍ ǝɥʇ sʇsᴉʇɹɐ ǝɯos ƃuᴉʇʇǝƃɹoɟ ǝlᴉɥʍ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ƃuᴉʌɹǝsǝpun ʎlpǝƃǝllɐ ǝɯos ƃuᴉɔnpoɹʇuᴉ ɹoɟ ʇsᴉl ǝɥʇ pǝzᴉɔᴉʇᴉɹɔ sɔᴉʇᴉɹɔƃolq ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ǝuᴉluo ǝɥ┴ ˙0Ɩ doʇ ǝɥʇ uᴉ suoᴉʇdǝɔxǝ ǝǝɹɥʇ pǝʇou oslɐ ǝɥ ɥƃnoɥʇ ,,'sʞuɐ⅄ ɥʇᴉʍ pǝʞɔɐd-ɯɐɾ ɹᴉɐɟ sᴉ 0Ɩ doʇ ǝɥʇ 'ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ uɐɔᴉɹǝɯ∀ uɐ ɹoɟ ɥƃnouǝ ʎlƃuᴉsᴉɹdɹnS,, 'ǝʇoɹʍ uɐᴉpɹɐnפ ǝɥ┴ ɹǝdɐdsʍǝu ɥsᴉʇᴉɹq ɯoɹɟ sǝuuIɔɐW lnɐԀ 'sɹǝpɐǝɹ oʇ ʇsᴉl ǝɥʇ ƃuᴉqᴉɹɔsǝp uI ˙ʇsᴉl ǝɥʇ uᴉ 0ϛ# ʇɐ pǝʞuɐɹ 'uɹnʇ sᴉɥ uᴉ 'sɐʍ oɥʍ 'oɥM ǝɥ┴ ɹoɟ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ 'puǝɥsuʍo┴ ǝʇǝԀ ʎq pǝɔnpoɹʇuᴉ xᴉɹpuǝH ᴉɯᴉſ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ uɐɔᴉɹǝɯ∀ ǝɥʇ sᴉ ʇsᴉl sᴉɥʇ uᴉ ʇsɹᴉɟ ǝɥ┴ ˙ɯǝɥʇ ɟo ɥɔɐǝ ɹoɟ uoᴉʇɔnpoɹʇuᴉ ɟǝᴉɹq ɐ ɥʇᴉʍ 'ʇsǝq ǝɥʇ pǝɹǝpᴉsuoɔ ǝʞɔᴉɹℲ pᴉʌɐp ɹoʇᴉpǝ ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ǝɥʇ ɯoɥʍ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ 00Ɩ pǝpnlɔuᴉ ʇsᴉl sᴉɥ┴ ˙ǝɯᴉ┴ ll∀ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ ǝɥ┴ pǝllɐɔ ʇsᴉl ɐ pǝɥsᴉlqnd ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ 'Ɛ00ᄅ uI ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ
˙ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ plɹoM ɹɐʇᴉnפ ʎq ǝɯᴉ┴ ll∀ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ ɹo 'ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ǝuoʇS ƃuᴉlloɹ ʎq ǝɯᴉ┴ ll∀ ɟo sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹפ 00Ɩ ǝɥ┴ ǝldɯɐxǝ ɹoɟ—sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ʇsǝʇɐǝɹƃ ǝɥʇ ɟo sʇsᴉl sɐ puǝʇuᴉ ʎǝɥʇ ʇɐɥʍ pǝlᴉdɯoɔ ǝʌɐɥ sǝʇᴉsqǝʍ puɐ sǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ lɐɹǝʌǝS ʎɹʇunoɔ puɐ zzɐɾ 'lɐʇǝɯ ʎʌɐǝɥ 'ʞɔoɹ ˙ǝƃɐd ǝƃɐɯᴉ ǝɥʇ uo pǝɯɐu ǝɹɐ pǝɹnʇɔᴉd sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɥ┴ ˙sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɟo ǝƃɐʇuoW
sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝlqɐʇoN
˙ǝɔuɐɯɹoɟɹǝd uᴉ pǝxᴉɯɹǝʇuᴉ ǝq ʎɐɯ sǝnbᴉuɥɔǝʇ puɐɥ-ʇɥƃᴉɹ puɐ -ʇɟǝl ǝsǝɥ┴ ˙lɐʇǝɯ ɹo ssɐlƃ ɟo ǝpɐɯ ʎllɐnsn 'sǝpᴉls ɹɐʇᴉnƃ-lǝǝʇs ɹo ,ʞɔǝuǝlʇʇoq, puɐ '(ʇǝɹɟ ɹɐlnɔᴉʇɹɐd ɐ ʇɐ sƃuᴉɹʇs llɐ ɹo ʎuɐɯ ssoɹɔɐ ƃuᴉʎl ɹǝƃuᴉɟ ɐ) ǝɹɹɐq ǝɥʇ 'ƃuᴉqɯnɥʇ 'ƃuᴉɹǝƃuᴉɟ ƃuᴉpnlɔuᴉ 'spɹoɥɔ puɐ sǝʇou ƃuᴉʇɔǝlǝs ɹoɟ spoɥʇǝɯ snoᴉɹɐʌ ʎoldɯǝ oslɐ ʎɐɯ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɥ┴
˙ƃuᴉʞɔᴉd-ɹǝƃuᴉɟ puɐ ƃuᴉʞɔᴉdʇɐlɟ ɔᴉpolǝɯ puɐ 'ɹǝdɐd ɹo 'ɹǝɥʇɐǝl 'ʇlǝɟ 'lɐʇǝɯ 'ɔᴉʇsɐld 'uɹoɥ 'ǝuoq ɟo ǝpɐɯ ʞɔᴉd ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɐ ɹo 'sɹǝƃuᴉɟ ǝɥʇ ɥʇᴉʍ ƃuᴉɯɯnɹʇs ƃuᴉpnlɔuᴉ puɐ '(lǝǝʇs ɹo uolʎu ɹǝɥʇᴉǝ) pǝsn sƃuᴉɹʇs ɟo ǝdʎʇ ǝɥʇ uo ƃuᴉpuǝdǝp 'ƃuᴉʞɔᴉd ɹǝƃuᴉɟ ƃuᴉpnlɔuᴉ 'ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɥʇ ƃuᴉpunos ɹoɟ spoɥʇǝɯ lɐɹǝʌǝs ɟo ʎuɐ ʎoldɯǝ ʎɐɯ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɥ┴ sǝnbᴉuɥɔǝ┴ sʞuᴉl lɐuɹǝʇxƎ ㄣ sǝɔuǝɹǝɟǝɹ Ɛ sǝɹuǝƃ ɹǝɥʇO ᄅ˙ᄅ ʎɹʇunoɔ puɐ zzɐɾ 'lɐʇǝɯ ʎʌɐǝɥ 'ʞɔoɹ Ɩ˙ᄅ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝlqɐʇoN ᄅ sǝnbᴉuɥɔǝ┴ Ɩ sʇuǝʇuoƆ
˙ɐɔᴉuoɯɹɐɥ ǝɥʇ ƃuᴉʎɐld ɹo ƃuᴉƃuᴉs ʎq ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɥʇ uo sǝʌlǝsɯǝɥʇ ʎuɐdɯoɔɔɐ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɯoS ˙sɹɐʇᴉnƃ ssɐq puɐ 'sɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɔᴉɹʇɔǝlǝ 'sɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɔᴉʇsnoɔɐ 'sɹɐʇᴉnƃ lɐɔᴉssɐlɔ sɐ ɥɔns sʇuǝɯnɹʇsuᴉ ʎlᴉɯɐɟ ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɟo ʎʇǝᴉɹɐʌ ɐ ʎɐld ʎɐɯ sʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ˙ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ǝɥʇ sʎɐld oɥʍ uosɹǝd ɐ sᴉ (ɹǝʎɐld ɹɐʇᴉnƃ ɐ ɹo) ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnƃ ∀
˙sǝɹᴉ∀ souǝnq ɟo ǝɹʇuǝɔ ʎʇᴉɔ ǝɥʇ uᴉ sɹǝʎɐld ɹɐʇᴉnפ
˙ㄥƖ0ᄅ uᴉ lɐʌᴉʇsǝℲ ɹɐʇᴉnפ nqᴉlɐW lɐnuu∀ pɹƐ ǝɥʇ ʇɐ ƃuᴉɯɹoɟɹǝd ɐllǝɹɐddǝZ puɐq ǝʇnqᴉɹʇ ʞɔoɹ ɟo uuǝW uǝɥɔʇǝɹפ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ
˙ɹǝʎɐlԀ ɹɐʇᴉnפ ǝǝs 'ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ uɐɔᴉɹǝɯ∀ ǝɥʇ ɹoℲ ˙(ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ) ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ ǝǝs 'ǝuᴉzɐƃɐɯ ʞ∩ ǝɥʇ ɹoℲ ɥɔɹɐǝs oʇ dɯnſuoᴉʇɐƃᴉʌɐu oʇ dɯnſ ˙(ǝƃuɐɥɔ ʇsɐl) ɹǝsn ɹǝɥʇouɐ ɯoɹɟ ǝƃɐssǝɯ ʍǝu ɐ ǝʌɐɥ no⅄ ɐᴉpǝdolɔʎɔuǝ ǝǝɹɟ ǝɥʇ 'ɐᴉpǝdᴉʞᴉM ɯoɹℲ ʇsᴉɹɐʇᴉnפ