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'''Erzurum''' (also written as '']'' in some texts until the early 20th century, formerly known as '']'' during the ] period, '']'' during the ] period and Կարին ('']'') in ]) is a ] in eastern ], ]. The current name "Erzurum" derives from "Erzen-el-Rum" (literally ''] of the Romans''.) '''Erzurum''' (also written as '']'' in some texts until the early 20th century, formerly known as '']'' during the ] period, '']'' during the ] period and Կարին ('']'') in ]) is a ] in eastern ], ]. The current name "Erzurum" derives from "Erzen-el-Rum" (literally ''Arzen of the Romans''.)


Erzurum has a population of 361,235 (] census.) It is the capital (''merkez'') of ]. Erzurum is the largest province in the Eastern Anatolian Region and is located on a high plateau (1950 m). The city is situated 1757 meters (5766 feet) above sea level and has an extreme ] with an average January temperature of -11°C (12°F). Temperatures often drop below -30°C in the winter, with heavy snowfall. Erzurum has a predominantly ] population{{fact}} and has traditionally been a stronghold of the ] (''Nationalist Action Party'')<ref></ref> Erzurum has a population of 361,235 (] census.) It is the capital (''merkez'') of ]. Erzurum is the largest province in the Eastern Anatolian Region and is located on a high plateau (1950 m). The city is situated 1757 meters (5766 feet) above sea level and has an extreme ] with an average January temperature of -11°C (12°F). Temperatures often drop below -30°C in the winter, with heavy snowfall. Erzurum has a predominantly ] population and has traditionally been a stronghold of the ] (''Nationalist Action Party'')<ref></ref>


] of Erzurum has become synonymous with the patriotism and bravery of Turkish women who defended the city and its province from Russian attacks during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. ] of Erzurum has become synonymous with the patriotism and bravery of Turkish women who defended the city and its province from Russian attacks during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78.


], founder of the modern ], resigned from the Ottoman Army in Erzurum which had been the gateway and portal to Turkish tribes migrating to Eastern Anatolia throughout history, and was declared the "Honorary Native" and the freeman of the city, which issued him his first citizenship registration and certificate (Nüfus Cuzdanı) of the new Turkish Republic. ], founder of the modern ], resigned from the Ottoman Army in Erzurum which had been the gateway and portal to Turkish tribes migrating to Eastern Anatolia throughout history, and was declared the "Honorary Native" and the freeman of the city, which issued him his first citizenship registration and certificate (Nüfus Cuzdanı) of the new Turkish Republic. Subsequently, Mustafa Kemal was delegated as the Member of Parliament representing Erzurum to the first Turkish Grand National Assembly. His post-resignation closest military aide (emir eri) was also appointed from amongs the Erzurum's locals who served him for years to come.


] is known as one of the cornerstones of the ]. The fourth ], ], was a native of Erzurum. ] is known as one of the cornerstones of the ]. The fourth ], ], was a native of Erzurum.


Erzurum offers winter tourism attactions and a major ] center at the ] as well as its regional academic medical center, rich architectural historical sites and great monuments from the ] period such as the ]. Erzurum offers winter tourism attactions and a major ] center at the ] as well as its regional academic medical center, rich architectural historical sites and great monuments from the ] period such as the ].

One specialty of Erzurum's cuisine is ]. Although this ] variety is of recent introduction outside its native region, it is rapidly attaining wide-spread popularity around Turkey.


Erzurum, known as "The Rock" in ] code, has served as NATO's southeasternmost air force post during the ]. Erzurum, known as "The Rock" in ] code, has served as NATO's southeasternmost air force post during the ].


The city uses the double-headed ] as its Coat of Arms, which was based on the double-headed ] that was a common symbol throughout Anatolia and the Balkans in the medieval period. The city uses the double-headed ] as its Coat of Arms, as the surviving symbol of the Hittite double-headed ] that was a common symbol reintroduced to the region initially throughout Anatolia and later in the Balkans in the medieval period.


For History, Economy, etc, see ]. For History, Economy, etc, see ].
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Image:Erzurum_24.jpg Image:Erzurum_24.jpg
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==See also==
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]


==Notes== ==Notes==

Revision as of 22:06, 3 December 2006

Erzurum (also written as Erzerum in some texts until the early 20th century, formerly known as Arzen during the Roman period, Theodosiopolis during the Byzantine period and Կարին (Karin) in Armenian) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The current name "Erzurum" derives from "Erzen-el-Rum" (literally Arzen of the Romans.)

Erzurum has a population of 361,235 (2000 census.) It is the capital (merkez) of Erzurum Province. Erzurum is the largest province in the Eastern Anatolian Region and is located on a high plateau (1950 m). The city is situated 1757 meters (5766 feet) above sea level and has an extreme continental climate with an average January temperature of -11°C (12°F). Temperatures often drop below -30°C in the winter, with heavy snowfall. Erzurum has a predominantly Turkish population and has traditionally been a stronghold of the Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi (Nationalist Action Party)

Nene Hatun of Erzurum has become synonymous with the patriotism and bravery of Turkish women who defended the city and its province from Russian attacks during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the modern Turkish Republic, resigned from the Ottoman Army in Erzurum which had been the gateway and portal to Turkish tribes migrating to Eastern Anatolia throughout history, and was declared the "Honorary Native" and the freeman of the city, which issued him his first citizenship registration and certificate (Nüfus Cuzdanı) of the new Turkish Republic. Subsequently, Mustafa Kemal was delegated as the Member of Parliament representing Erzurum to the first Turkish Grand National Assembly. His post-resignation closest military aide (emir eri) was also appointed from amongs the Erzurum's locals who served him for years to come.

Erzurum Congress is known as one of the cornerstones of the Turkish War of Independence. The fourth President of Turkey, Cemal Gürsel, was a native of Erzurum.

Erzurum offers winter tourism attactions and a major skiing center at the Palandöken Mountains as well as its regional academic medical center, rich architectural historical sites and great monuments from the Seljuk period such as the Çifte Minareli Medrese.

Erzurum, known as "The Rock" in NATO code, has served as NATO's southeasternmost air force post during the Cold War.

The city uses the double-headed Anatolian Seljuk Eagle as its Coat of Arms, as the surviving symbol of the Hittite double-headed Eagle that was a common symbol reintroduced to the region initially throughout Anatolia and later in the Balkans in the medieval period.

For History, Economy, etc, see Erzurum Province.

Images from Erzurum

Notes

  1. BBC - Nationalist feelings in Erzurum

External links

Template:Districts of Erzurum

Provinces of Turkey
Metropolitan municipalities are bolded.

39°55′N 41°17′E / 39.917°N 41.283°E / 39.917; 41.283

Category: