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Grigori I Durrësit, Grigori Voskopojari (Eng: Gregory of Voskopoja), Gregory the Printer or Gregory Constantinidhi (Greek: Gregorios Typografos) (1701-1769) was an Albanian professor, Orthodox monk and typographer known for the development of the Albanian language and the first Albanian alphabet (1761). Born roughly around 1701 in Voskopoja, he studied at the ”New Academy”, a middle school, and become a professor. Later he worked in Venice with typographer Nikolaos Glykys. In 1744 Gregory founded the printing press of Voskopoja, brought from Venice, which he operated until its destruction in 1764, which was used for liturgical purposes. Gregory was a Metropolitan and clergyman and worked as a diocesan priest in 1740 and believed that keep Christian Albanian litterature in the library was necessary to resist Islamization. He was the first to translate the Old and New Testament into Albanian, using an alphabet invented by himself before 1772. His translations have been lost however. After the abolition of the Ohrid Patriarchate in 1768, he was appointed by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople as Metropolitan of Durres. At the end of his life, he donated many books to the local library. He is said to have died in Venice in 1769. Another theory approximates his death in 1772 in Shen Gjon Vladimir ne Shijon in Elbasan.

Bibliography

• Akoluthia of Saint Nicholas (1712)
• Akoluthia of Saint Theodora (1731)
• Akoluthia of St. Harallamb (1734)
• Akoluthia of Saint Seraphim (1735)
• Akoluthia of St. Naum (1740)
• Akoluthia of the Fifteen Martyrs (1741)
• Akoluthia of St. Clement (1741)
• Akoluthia of St. John Vladimir (1742)
• Akoluthia of the Seven Saints (1742) )
• Pastoral Letter of Patriarch Joasaf of Ohrid (1742)
• Akoluthia of Saint Vision (1744)
• Akoluthia of Saint Anthony (1746)
• Catechism (1746)
• Leonardo Lombardi (1749)
• Oktaikos (1750)
• Religious Doctrine (1769)

References

1. Cornis-Pope, Marcel; Neubauer, John (2004). History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and Disjunctures in the 19th and 20th Centuries. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 499. ISBN 9789027234537.
2. Elsie, Robert (2013). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. I.B.Tauris. p. 181. ISBN 9781780764313.
3. Olschowsky, Heinrich; Leipzig, Bibliographisches Institut (1990). Literaturen Ost- und Südosteuropas (in German) (Translation: "Grigori i Durresit (18 jh) Albanian" ed.). Bibliographisches Institut. ISBN 9783323003224.
4. Young, Antonia; Hodgson, John; Young, Nigel (1997). Albania (Translation: The supposed writer, Gregory of Durrës, was an Orthodox cleric. ed.). Clio Press. p. 194. ISBN 9781851092604. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
5. Lloshi, Xhevat (2008). Rreth alfabetit të shqipes: me rastin e 100-vjetorit të Kongresit të Manastirit (in Albanian) (Translation: Within the Orthodox pressure itself at that time there were Orthodox communities dependent on the Ohrid Patriarchate, which was destroyed only two years before the first burning of Voskopoja. From there came the influence of writing Albanian with Cyrillic letters. A cultural orientation attempted to construct Albanian writing in original alphabets, in order to break away from foreign languages. This is represented by Gregory of Durres, by Dhaskal Todor who had been a pupil of Kavaliot, and as the author of Elbasan Anonymous is held Pope Totas, also the creator of the original alphabet. ed.). Logos-A. p. 278. ISBN 9789989582684. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
6. Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias (2018). Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9783110540529.
7. Llukani, Andrea (2006). ANTOLOGJIA E LETËRSISË SË KRISHTERE (PDF) (Translation: Metropolitan of Durres Grigori is thought to have been born in the year 1701 in Voskopoja. He studied at the "New Academy" and later became her professor. In 1740 she became a monk in Venice, where she taught the typographic craft from the Venetian printmaker Nikolaos Glykys. In 1744 Gregory founded the printing press of Voskopoja, which he led until its destruction in 1764. This the printing press was brought from Venice, where Albanian masters learned typography. The printing press of Voskopoja has 14 acolytes, which are used for liturgical purposes. ed.). Tirana: Dr. Pavli Haxhillazi. p. 42.
8. Monumentet (in Albanian) (Translation: Intellectuals like Grigori i Durresit (1677-1772) or Papa Totasi thought that the saving of church literature was necessary to resist Islamization. ed.). University of Minnesota: Ministria e Arësimit dhe Kulturës, Instituti i Monumenteve të Kulturës. 1985. p. 73. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
9. Shqipërisë, Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të; shqiptar, Fjalori enciklopedik (1985). Fjalor enciklopedik shqiptar (in Albanian) (Translation: In 1768 he was elected bishop of Durres and was therefore called "Gregory of Durres". The last years apparently spent in the monastery of St. John near Elbasan. He wrote in Greek any religious or religious textbooks and speeches. ed.). Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH. p. 1176.
10. Hysa, Mahmud (1995). Autorë dhe tekste nga letërsia e vjetër shqiptare (in Albanian) (Translation: Books were donated by many scholars such as George Sina who donated many Greek and Roman books, Gregory of Durres who "at the end of his life dedicated all the valuable books in the library" and many Voskopoi emigrants. The library was destroyed in 1769 ed.). Flaka e vëllazërimit. p. 60. ISBN 9789989658068. Retrieved 30 October 2019.