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The '''Lopez de Bertodano Formation''' is a geological ] in the ] of the ]. The strata date from the end of the ] (upper-lower ] stage<ref name=deposition>{{cite journal | last1 = Olivero | first1 = E.B. | last2 = Ponce | first2 = J.J. | last3 = Marsicano | first3 = C.A. | last4 = Martinioni | first4 = D.R. | year = 2007 | title = Depositional settings of the basal Lopez de Bertodano Formation, Maastrichtian, Antarctica | url = | journal = Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina | volume = 62 | issue = 4| pages = 521–529 }}</ref>) to the ] stage of the lower ], from about 70 to 65.5 million years ago, straddling the ].<ref name="Bowman">{{cite journal |author1=Bowman, V. |title=The Paleocene of Antarctica: Dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy and implications for the palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana |year=2016 |journal=Gondwana Research |volume=38 |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2015.10.018 |author2=Ineson, J. |author3=Riding, J. |author4=Crame, J. |author5=Francis, J. |author6=Condon, D. |author7=Whittle, R. |author8=Ferraccioli, F. |pages=132–148|bibcode=2016GondR..38..132B }}</ref> The '''Lopez de Bertodano Formation''' is a geological ] in the ] of the ]. The strata date from the end of the ] (upper-lower ] stage<ref name=deposition>{{cite journal | last1 = Olivero | first1 = E.B. | last2 = Ponce | first2 = J.J. | last3 = Marsicano | first3 = C.A. | last4 = Martinioni | first4 = D.R. | year = 2007 | title = Depositional settings of the basal Lopez de Bertodano Formation, Maastrichtian, Antarctica | url = | journal = Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina | volume = 62 | issue = 4| pages = 521–529 }}</ref>) to the ] stage of the lower ], about 70-65.5 million years ago.<ref name="Bowman">{{cite journal |author1=Bowman, V. |title=The Paleocene of Antarctica: Dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy and implications for the palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana |year=2016 |journal=Gondwana Research |volume=38 |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2015.10.018 |author2=Ineson, J. |author3=Riding, J. |author4=Crame, J. |author5=Francis, J. |author6=Condon, D. |author7=Whittle, R. |author8=Ferraccioli, F. |pages=132–148|bibcode=2016GondR..38..132B }}</ref>


== Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary == == Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary ==
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== Fossil content == == Fossil content ==
The Lopez de Bertodano Formation has provided many fossils of flora, dinosaurs and birds.<ref name=FWLdB1> at ].org</ref><ref name=FWLdB2> at ].org</ref><ref name=FWLdB3> at ].org</ref>

Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation<ref name="cretaceousdistribution">Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, Antarctica)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 606. {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}.</ref> and include at least two and probably as much as six lineages of indisputably ]: one related to ], a primitive ] or related form, 1-2 species of possible ]s, a large and possibly flightless bird belonging to a lineage extinct today<!-- need to determine whether this was not a Pelagornithidae --> as well as a partial skull that might belong to either of the smaller species or represent yet another one. The formation also contains a rich fossil ] fauna, including ], ],<ref name="Crame">{{cite journal |author1=Crame, J.A. |title=The Early Origin of the Antarctic Marine Fauna and Its Evolutionary Implications |year=2014 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7 |issue=12 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0114743 |pmid=25493546 |pmc=4262473 |author2=Beu, A.G. |author3=Ineson J.R. |author4=Francis J.A. |author5=Whittle R.J. |author6=Bowman V.C. |page=e114743|bibcode=2014PLoSO...9k4743C }}</ref> and ] (] and ]).<ref name="Witts15">{{cite journal |author1=Witts, J.D. |title=Evolution and extinction of Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) cephalopods from the López de Bertodano Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctica |year=2015 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=418 |pages=193–212 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.11.002 |author2=Bowman V.C. |author3=Wignall P.B. |author4=Crame J.A. |author5=Francis, J.E. |author6=Newont, R.J.|bibcode=2015PPP...418..193W |url=http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/507013/1/Evolution%20and%20extinction%20of%20Maastrichtian%20%28Late%20Cretaceous%29%20cephalopods%20AAM.pdf }}</ref>) Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation<ref name="cretaceousdistribution">Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, Antarctica)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 606. {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}.</ref> and include at least two and probably as much as six lineages of indisputably ]: one related to ], a primitive ] or related form, 1-2 species of possible ]s, a large and possibly flightless bird belonging to a lineage extinct today<!-- need to determine whether this was not a Pelagornithidae --> as well as a partial skull that might belong to either of the smaller species or represent yet another one. The formation also contains a rich fossil ] fauna, including ], ],<ref name="Crame">{{cite journal |author1=Crame, J.A. |title=The Early Origin of the Antarctic Marine Fauna and Its Evolutionary Implications |year=2014 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7 |issue=12 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0114743 |pmid=25493546 |pmc=4262473 |author2=Beu, A.G. |author3=Ineson J.R. |author4=Francis J.A. |author5=Whittle R.J. |author6=Bowman V.C. |page=e114743|bibcode=2014PLoSO...9k4743C }}</ref> and ] (] and ]).<ref name="Witts15">{{cite journal |author1=Witts, J.D. |title=Evolution and extinction of Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) cephalopods from the López de Bertodano Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctica |year=2015 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=418 |pages=193–212 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.11.002 |author2=Bowman V.C. |author3=Wignall P.B. |author4=Crame J.A. |author5=Francis, J.E. |author6=Newont, R.J.|bibcode=2015PPP...418..193W |url=http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/507013/1/Evolution%20and%20extinction%20of%20Maastrichtian%20%28Late%20Cretaceous%29%20cephalopods%20AAM.pdf }}</ref>)


{| class="wikitable" align="center" {| class="wikitable" align="center"
|- |-
! colspan="6" align="center" | ''']s''' ! colspan="5" align="center" | ''']s of the Lopez de Bertodano Formation'''
|- |-
! Genus ! Genus
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! Material ! Material
! Description ! Description
! Image
|- |-
| rowspan="2" | '']'' | rowspan="2" | '']''
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| Partial skull and skeleton, ] | Partial skull and skeleton, ]
| A ]?<ref name="cretaceousdistribution"/> | A ]?<ref name="cretaceousdistribution"/>
| rowspan=2 | <!--Image-->
|- |-
| ''P.''? sp. | ''P.''? sp.
Line 76: Line 72:
| Partial skeleton, ] | Partial skeleton, ]
| An ] | An ]
| rowspan=2 | ]
|- |-
| ''V.'' sp. | ''V.'' sp.
Line 88: Line 83:
| Partial skeleton | Partial skeleton
| An ] | An ]
| align=center | ]
⚫ |-
⚫ | '']''<ref name=Morrosaurus>{{cite journal | last1 = Rozadilla | first1 = Sebastián | last2 = Agnolin | first2 = Federico L. | last3 = Novas | first3 = Fernando E. | last4 = Aranciaga Rolando | first4 = Alexis M. | last5 = Motta | first5 = Matías J. | last6 = Lirio | first6 = Juan M. | last7 = Isasi | first7 = Marcelo P. | year = 2016 | title = A new ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica and its palaeobiogeographical implications | url = | journal = Cretaceous Research | volume = 57| issue = | pages = 311–324| doi = 10.1016/j.cretres.2015.09.009 }}</ref>
⚫ | ''M. antarcticus''
⚫ |
⚫ |
⚫ | An ]n ornithopod
| align=center | <!--Image-->
|- |-
| Undescribed ]<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Cordes | year = 2002 | title = A new charadriiform avian specimen from the Early Maastrichtian of Cape Lamb, Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula | url = | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 22 | issue = 3| page = 46A }}</ref> | Undescribed ]<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Cordes | year = 2002 | title = A new charadriiform avian specimen from the Early Maastrichtian of Cape Lamb, Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula | url = | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 22 | issue = 3| page = 46A }}</ref>
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| Partial skeleton | Partial skeleton
| |
| align=center | <!--Image-->
|- |-
| Unidentified ] | Unidentified ]
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| Partial skull | Partial skull
| Relationships undetermined, ] some {{convert|5|–|6|cm}} long | Relationships undetermined, ] some {{convert|5|–|6|cm}} long
⚫ |-
| align=center | <!--Image-->
⚫ | '']''<ref name=Morrosaurus>{{cite journal | last1 = Rozadilla | first1 = Sebastián | last2 = Agnolin | first2 = Federico L. | last3 = Novas | first3 = Fernando E. | last4 = Aranciaga Rolando | first4 = Alexis M. | last5 = Motta | first5 = Matías J. | last6 = Lirio | first6 = Juan M. | last7 = Isasi | first7 = Marcelo P. | year = 2016 | title = A new ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica and its palaeobiogeographical implications | url = | journal = Cretaceous Research | volume = 57| issue = | pages = 311–324| doi = 10.1016/j.cretres.2015.09.009 }}</ref>
⚫ | ''M. antarcticus''
⚫ |
⚫ |
⚫ | An ]n ornithopod
|
|- |-
| Undescribed ] | Undescribed ]
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| Isolated tooth<ref name=deposition/> | Isolated tooth<ref name=deposition/>
| |
| align=center | <!--Image-->
|- |-
| Undescribed non-avian ] | Undescribed non-avian ]
Line 123: Line 114:
| Fragments<ref name=deposition/> | Fragments<ref name=deposition/>
| |
| align=center | <!--Image-->
|- |-
|} |}

==== Other fossils ====
Among others, the following fossils have been found in the formation:

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
;Ammonites<ref name="Witts15"/>
* '']''
* '']''
* '']''
* '']''
* '']''
* '']''
* '']''
* '']''

;Other invertebrates
* '']''
* '']''
* '']'', '']''

;Flora
* '']''
* '']''
* '']''
* ]
{{div col end}}


== See also == == See also ==
{{Portal|Geology|Paleontology|Cretaceous|Prehistory of Antartica}} {{Portal|Geology|Paleontology|Cretaceous}}
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
Line 163: Line 127:
== References == == References ==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* I. Poole, A. M. W. Mennega, and D. J. Cantrill. 2003. Valdivian ecosystems in the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary of Antarctica: further evidence from myrtaceous and eucryphiaceous fossil wood. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 124:9-27


] ]

Revision as of 13:03, 3 November 2019

Lopez de Bertodano Formation
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian-Danian
~70–65.5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofMarambio & Seymour Island Groups
Sub-unitsCape Lamb & Lower Sandwich Bluff Members
UnderliesSobral Fm., La Meseta Fm.
OverliesSnow Hill Island Formation
Lithology
PrimarySiltstone, mudstone
OtherSandstone with concretions
Location
Coordinates64°00′S 57°24′W / 64.0°S 57.4°W / -64.0; -57.4
Approximate paleocoordinates61°54′S 68°06′W / 61.9°S 68.1°W / -61.9; -68.1
RegionSeymour Island, James Ross Island group
CountryAntarctica
Type section
Named forLópez de Bertodano Bay
Lopez de Bertodano Formation is located in AntarcticaLopez de Bertodano FormationLopez de Bertodano Formation (Antarctica)

The Lopez de Bertodano Formation is a geological formation in the James Ross archipelago of the Antarctic Peninsula. The strata date from the end of the Late Cretaceous (upper-lower Maastrichtian stage) to the Danian stage of the lower Paleocene, about 70-65.5 million years ago.

Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary

Geologic map of Seymour Island, Antarctica with the Lopez de Bertodano Formation in light green, the locations where the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary is exposed are indicated

The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (K-Pg) crops out on Seymour Island in the upper levels of the López de Bertodano Formation. A small (but significant) iridium anomaly occurs at the boundary on Seymour Island, as at lower latitudes, thought to be fallout from the Chicxulub impactor in the Gulf of Mexico. Directly above the boundary a layer of disarticulated fish fossils occurs, victims of a disturbed ecosystem immediately following the impact event. Multiple reports have described evidence for climatic changes in Antarctica prior to the mass extinction, but the extent to which these affected marine biodiversity is debated. Based on extensive marine fossil collections from Seymour Island, recent work has confirmed that a single and severe mass extinction event occurred at this time in Antarctica just as at lower latitudes.

Fossil content

Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation and include at least two and probably as much as six lineages of indisputably modern birds: one related to waterfowl, a primitive shorebird or related form, 1-2 species of possible loons, a large and possibly flightless bird belonging to a lineage extinct today as well as a partial skull that might belong to either of the smaller species or represent yet another one. The formation also contains a rich fossil invertebrate fauna, including bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods (ammonites and nautiloids).)

Dinosaurs of the Lopez de Bertodano Formation
Genus Species Member Material Description
Polarornis P. gregorii Lower Sandwich Bluff Partial skull and skeleton, holotype A loon?
P.? sp. Lower Sandwich Bluff Partial skeleton including wing and hindlimbs Possibly a more primitive form with strong flight ability and lighter bones
Vegavis V. iaai Lower Sandwich Bluff Partial skeleton, holotype An anseriform
V. sp. Cape Lamb Isolated femur Initially identified as a fossil of a member of Cariamae, but subsequently reinterpreted as a fossil of an unnamed large-bodied member of the genus Vegavis.
Conflicto C. antarcticus Partial skeleton An anseriform
Undescribed charadriiform Unnamed species Cape Lamb Partial skeleton
Unidentified Neornithes Unnamed species Partial skull Relationships undetermined, cranium some 5–6 centimetres (2.0–2.4 in) long
Morrosaurus M. antarcticus An elasmarian ornithopod
Undescribed hadrosaurid Unnamed species Isolated tooth
Undescribed non-avian theropod Unnamed species Fragments

See also

References

  1. ^ Olivero, E.B.; Ponce, J.J.; Marsicano, C.A.; Martinioni, D.R. (2007). "Depositional settings of the basal Lopez de Bertodano Formation, Maastrichtian, Antarctica". Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina. 62 (4): 521–529.
  2. Bowman, V.; Ineson, J.; Riding, J.; Crame, J.; Francis, J.; Condon, D.; Whittle, R.; Ferraccioli, F. (2016). "The Paleocene of Antarctica: Dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy and implications for the palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana". Gondwana Research. 38: 132–148. Bibcode:2016GondR..38..132B. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.10.018.
  3. ^ Zinsmeister, W.J. (1998). "Discovery of fish mortality horizon at the K-T Boundary on Seymour Island: Re-evaluation of events at the end of the Cretaceous". Journal of Paleontology. 72 (3): 556–571. doi:10.1017/S0022336000024331.
  4. Elliot D.H.; Askin RA; Kyte FT; Zinsmeister WJ (1994). "Iridium and dinocysts at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary on Seymour Island, Antarctica: Implications for the K-T event". Geology. 22 (8): 675. Bibcode:1994Geo....22..675E. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0675:IADATC>2.3.CO;2.
  5. Petersen, S.V.; Dutton A; Lohmann KC (2016). "End-Cretaceous extinction in Antarctica linked to both Deccan volcanism and meteorite impact via climate change". Nature Communications. 7: 12079. Bibcode:2016NatCo...712079P. doi:10.1038/ncomms12079. PMC 4935969. PMID 27377632.
  6. Witts J.D.; Whittle RJ; Wignall PB; Crame JA; Francis JE; Newton RJ; Bowman VC (2016). "Macrofossil evidence for a rapid and severe Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction in Antarctica". Nature Communications. 7: 11738. Bibcode:2016NatCo...711738W. doi:10.1038/ncomms11738. PMC 4894978. PMID 27226414.
  7. ^ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, Antarctica)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 606. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  8. Crame, J.A.; Beu, A.G.; Ineson J.R.; Francis J.A.; Whittle R.J.; Bowman V.C. (2014). "The Early Origin of the Antarctic Marine Fauna and Its Evolutionary Implications". PLOS ONE. 7 (12): e114743. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k4743C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114743. PMC 4262473. PMID 25493546.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  9. Witts, J.D.; Bowman V.C.; Wignall P.B.; Crame J.A.; Francis, J.E.; Newont, R.J. (2015). "Evolution and extinction of Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) cephalopods from the López de Bertodano Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctica" (PDF). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 418: 193–212. Bibcode:2015PPP...418..193W. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.11.002.
  10. Clarke, J.A.; Tambussi, C.P.; Noriega, J.I.; Erickson, G.M.; Ketcham, R.A. (2005). "Definitive fossil evidence for the extant avian radiation in the Cretaceous" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7023): 305–308. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..305C. doi:10.1038/nature03150. PMID 15662422. Supporting information
  11. Case, J.; Reguero, M.; Martin, J.; Cordes-Person, A. (2006). "A cursorial bird from the Maastrictian of Antarctica". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (3): 48A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2006.10010069.
  12. Abagael R. West; Christopher R. Torres; Judd A. Case; Julia A. Clarke; Patrick M. O'Connor; Matthew C. Lamanna (2019). "An avian femur from the Late Cretaceous of Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula: removing the record of cursorial landbirds from the Mesozoic of Antarctica". PeerJ. 7: e7231. doi:10.7717/peerj.7231.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  13. Cordes (2002). "A new charadriiform avian specimen from the Early Maastrichtian of Cape Lamb, Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (3): 46A.
  14. Rozadilla, Sebastián; Agnolin, Federico L.; Novas, Fernando E.; Aranciaga Rolando, Alexis M.; Motta, Matías J.; Lirio, Juan M.; Isasi, Marcelo P. (2016). "A new ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica and its palaeobiogeographical implications". Cretaceous Research. 57: 311–324. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.09.009.
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