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1948

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1948th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 948th year of the 2nd millennium, the 48th year of the 20th century, and the 9th year of the 1940s decade.

Events

January

• January 1
  • The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated.
  • The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British Railways.
  • The Constitution of the Italian Republic goes into effect.
  • The latest Constitution of New Jersey goes into effect.
• January 4 – Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming an independent republic, named the Union of Burma, with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first President, and U Nu its first Prime Minister.
• January 5
  • Warner Brothers shows the first color newsreel (Tournament of Roses Parade and the Rose Bowl).
  • The first Kinsey Report, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, is published in the United States.
• January 7 – Kentucky Air National Guard pilot Thomas Mantell crashes, while in pursuit of a supposed UFO.
• January 12 – Mahatma Gandhi begins his fast-unto-death in Delhi, to stop communal violence during the Partition of India.
• January 17 – A truce is declared between nationalist Indonesian and Dutch troops in Java.
• January 22 – British foreign secretary Ernest Bevin proposes the formation of a Western Union between Britain, France, and the Benelux countries, to stand up against the Soviet Union. The Treaty of Brussels is signed March 17 as a consequence, a predecessor to NATO.
• January 26 – Teigin poison case: a man masquerading as a doctor poisons 12 of 16 bank employees of the Tokyo branch of Imperial Bank and takes the money; artist Sadamichi Hirasawa is later sentenced to death for the crime, but is never executed.
• January 29
  • The Pakistan Socialist Party is founded in Karachi.
  • A DC-3 aircraft crash at Los Gatos Creek, near Coalinga, California, kills 4 US citizens and 28 deportees, commemorated in a protest song (Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)) by Woody Guthrie.
• January 30
  • Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi: Indian pacifist and leader Mahatma Gandhi is shot by Nathuram Godse in New Delhi.
  • The 1948 Winter Olympics open in St. Moritz, Switzerland.
• January 31 – The British crown colony of the Malayan Union, Penang and Malacca form the Federation of Malaya.

February

• February 1
  • The Soviet Union begins to jam Voice of America broadcasts.
  • The Federation of Malaya is proclaimed.
• February 4 – Ceylon (later known as Sri Lanka) becomes an independent kingdom, within the British Commonwealth.
• February 16 – Miranda, innermost of the large moons of Uranus, is discovered by Gerard Kuiper.
• February 18 – Éamon de Valera, Irish head of government from 1918 to 1932, loses power to an opposition coalition. John A. Costello is appointed Taoiseach by President Seán T. O'Kelly, until 1960.
• February 19 – The Conference of Youth and Students of Southeast Asia Fighting for Freedom and Independence convenes in Calcutta.
• February 21 – The United States stock car racing organization NASCAR is founded by Bill France, Sr. with other drivers.
• February 22 – The first of the Ben Yehuda Street bombings in Jerusalem kills between 49 and 58 civilians, and injures between 140 and 200.
• February 25 – 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état: Edvard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia, cedes control of the country to the Communist Party, a day celebrated by that regime as "Victorious February" (Template:Lang-cz; Template:Lang-sk) until November 1989.
• February 28
  • Accra Riots: Riots take place in Accra, capital of the British colony of Gold Coast, when a peaceful protest march by ex-servicemen is broken up by police, leaving several members of the group dead, among them Sergeant Adjetey, one of the leaders.
  • The 2nd Congress of the Communist Party of India convenes in Calcutta.

March

• March 8 – McCollum v. Board of Education: The United States Supreme Court rules that religious instruction in public schools violates the U.S. Constitution.
• March 12 – The Costa Rican Civil War begins.
• March 16 – The largest flood in the history of Brampton, Ontario, occurs.
• March 17
  • The Treaty of Brussels is signed by Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, providing for economic, social and cultural collaboration and collective self-defence.
  • The Hells Angels motorcycle gang is founded in California.
• March 18 – The Round Table Conference convenes in The Hague, Netherlands, to prepare the decolonization process for Aruba and the other Dutch Colonies. Aruba presents the mandate of the Aruban People for Aruba to become an independent country, under the sovereignty of the House of Orange, based on Aruba's first state constitution presented officially since August 1947, and a (4th) member state of the future Dutch Commonwealth.
• March 20
  • Singapore holds its first elections.
  • Renowned Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini makes his television debut, conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra in an all-Wagner program in the United States.
  • The 20th Academy Awards Ceremony is held in Los Angeles. Gentleman's Agreement wins the Academy Award for Best Picture.

April

• April 1 – Physicists Ralph Asher Alpher and George Gamow publish the Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper, about the Big Bang.
• April 3
  • United States President Harry S. Truman signs the Marshall Plan, which authorizes $5 billion in aid for 16 countries.
  • Jeju Uprising – Residents revolt on Jeju island, South Korea, eventually leading to the deaths of between 14,000 and 30,000.
  • Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 is played on television in its entirety for the first time, in a series of concerts featuring Arturo Toscanini conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra in the United States. The chorus is conducted by Robert Shaw.
• April 5 – 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine: Haganah launches Operation Nachshon, provoking the 1948 Palestinian exodus.
• April 7– The World Health Organization is established by the United Nations.
• April 9
  • Jorge Eliécer Gaitán's assassination provokes a violent riot in Bogotá (the Bogotazo), and a further 10 years of violence (La Violencia) across Colombia.
  • The Deir Yassin massacre takes place, in British Mandatory Palestine.
• April 13 – The Hadassah medical convoy massacre takes place, in British Mandatory Palestine.
• April 16 – The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is founded, as the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC).
• April 18 – Italian general election, 1948:: The first democratic general election with universal suffrage is held in Italy. The Christian Democracy party achieves a majority over the Popular Democratic Front Communist-Socialist coalition.
• April 19
  • Burma joins the United Nations.
  • The American Broadcasting Company (otherwise known as ABC) begins television services, on WFIL-TV in Philadelphia (now WPVI-TV).
• April 22
  • Civil War in Mandatory Palestine: Battle of Haifa – Jewish paramilitary group Haganah captures Haifa from the Arab Liberation Army.
  • WTVR begins television services. WTVR is the first TV station south of Washington D.C., giving it the nickname "The South's First Television station".
• April 24 – The Costa Rican Civil War ends.
• April 30 – The Organization of American States (OAS) is founded.
• April 30 – The English-built Land Rover is unveiled at the Amsterdam Motor Show.

May

• May – The RAND Corporation is established, as an independent nonprofit policy research and analysis institution, in the United States.
• May 4 – Laurence Olivier's film version of Hamlet makes its world premiere in London.
• May 9 – An annular solar eclipse was visible in Japan and South Korea, and was the 32nd solar eclipse of Solar Saros 137. This annular solar eclipse was very short, lasted just 0.3 seconds. The path width was just about 200 meters wide (approximately 218.72 yards).
• May 11 – Luigi Einaudi becomes President of the Italian Republic.

• May 14 – The Israeli Declaration of Independence is made. David Ben-Gurion becomes the first prime minister, a provisional position that will become formalized on February 14, 1949.
• May 15
  • 1948 Arab–Israeli War: The British Mandate of Palestine is officially terminated; expeditionary forces from Egypt, Transjordan, Syria and Iraq invade Israel, and clash with Israeli forces.
  • The murder of a 3-year-old girl in Blackburn, England, leads to the fingerprinting of more than 40,000 men in the city, in an attempt to find the murderer.
  • Australian cricket team in England in 1948: The touring Australians set an all-time first-class record, by scoring 721 runs in a day against Essex.
• May 16 – Chaim Weizmann is elected as the first President of Israel.
• May 18 – The first Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China officially convenes in Nanking.
• May 22 – The Soviets launch Operation Vesna, the largest Lithuanian deportation to Siberia.
• May 25 – The United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP) is founded at Ellinwood Malate Church in Manila.
• May 26 – The United States Congress passes Public Law 557, which permanently establishes the Civil Air Patrol as the auxiliary of the United States Air Force.
• May 28 – Daniel François Malan defeats Jan Smuts and becomes Prime Minister of South Africa, ushering in the era of apartheid (which is finally dismantled by F. W. de Klerk in 1994).
• May 30 – A dike along the Columbia River breaks, obliterating Vanport, Oregon, within minutes; 15 people die and tens of thousands are left homeless.

June

• June 3 – The Palomar Observatory telescope is finished in California.
• June 10 – Hasan Saka forms the new government of Turkey. (17th government; Hasan Saka had served twice as a prime minister)
• June 11 – The first monkey astronaut, Albert I, is launched into space from White Sands, New Mexico.
• June 15 – Chinese newspaper Renmin Ribao (People's Daily) is first published in Pingshan, Hebei Province, China.
• June 16
  • Three armed men hijack the Cathay Pacific passenger plane Miss Macao and shoot the pilot; the plane crashes, killing 26 of 27 people on board.
• June 17 – A Douglas DC-6 carrying United Airlines Flight 624 crashes near Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania, killing all 43 and injuring 84 people on board.
• June 18
  • Malayan Emergency: A state of emergency is declared in the Malayan Union, due to a communist insurgency.
  • LP record – Columbia Records introduces its long playing 33+1⁄3 rpm phonograph format.
• June 20 – The U.S. Congress recesses for the remainder of 1948, after an overtime session closes at 7:00 a.m. (to be shortly interrupted by Truman's recall from Congressional recess for July 20, 1948).
• June 21
  • The Deutsche Mark becomes the official currency of the future Federal Republic of Germany.
  • The Manchester Baby becomes the first stored-program computer to successfully execute a program.
• June 22
  • The ship HMT Empire Windrush brings a large group of Afro-Caribbean immigrants to Tilbury near London, the start of a large wave of immigration to Britain.
  • David Lean's Oliver Twist, based on Charles Dickens's famous novel, premieres in the UK. It is banned for 3 years in the U.S., because of alleged antisemitism in depicting master criminal Fagin, played by Alec Guinness.

• June 24
  • Cold War: The Berlin Blockade begins.
  • The first World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization is held in Geneva.
• June 26
  • William Shockley files the original patent for the grown-junction transistor, the first bipolar junction transistor.
  • The Berlin Airlift begins.
• June 28
  • The Cominform Resolution marks the beginning of the Informbiro period in Yugoslavia, and the Soviet/Yugoslav split.
  • The 6.8 M_w Fukui earthquake strikes Fukui, Japan; 3,769 are killed, 22,203 injured.

July

• July 5 – The National Health Service Acts are enacted in the United Kingdom.
• July 6 – The world's first Air Car-ferry service is flown by a Bristol Freighter of Silver City Airways, from Lympne to Le Touquet.
• July 13 – The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria and Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Churches reach an agreement, leading to the promotion of the Ethiopian church to the rank of an autocephalous Patriarchate. Five bishops are immediately consecrated by the Patriarch of Alexandria, and the successor to Abuna Qerellos IV is granted the power to consecrate new bishops, who are empowered to elect a new Patriarch for their church.
• July 15
  • The attempted assassination of Palmiro Togliatti, general secretary of the Italian Communist Party, results in numerous strikes all over the country.
  • The first London chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous is founded.
• July 20 – Cold War:
  • President Harry S. Truman issues the second peacetime military draft in the United States, amid increasing tensions with the Soviet Union (the first peacetime draft occurred in 1940 under President Roosevelt)
  • Eugene Dennis, William Z. Foster, and ten other CPUSA leaders are arrested, and charged under the Alien Registration Act.
• July 22 – The Dominion of Newfoundland votes to join Canada, after a referendum.
• July 26 – U.S. President Truman signs Executive Order 9981, ending racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces.
• July 28 – Around 200 die in explosion at a chemical plant in Ludwigshafen, Germany.
• July 29 – The 1948 Summer Olympics begin in London, the first since the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.
• July 31
  • At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport) is dedicated.
  • Elizabeth Bentley appears under subpoena before HUAC regarding Communist espionage; she implicates Whittaker Chambers.

August

• August 1 – The U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations is founded.
• August 3 – Whittaker Chambers appears under subpoena before HUAC, and alleges that several former U.S. Federal officials were communists, including Harry Dexter White and Alger Hiss.
• August 5 – Alger Hiss appears before the HUAC, to deny the allegations of Whittaker Chambers.
• August 10 – August 23 – The Herrenchiemsee Convent prepares the draft for the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany.
• August 12 – Babrra massacre: About 600 unarmed members of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement are shot dead on the orders of the Chief Minister of the North-West Frontier Province, Abdul Qayyum Khan Kashmiri, on Babrra ground in the Hashtnagar region of Charsadda District, North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Pakistan.
• August 13 – Harry Dexter White and Donald Hiss refute allegations of Communism by Whittaker Chambers, before the HUAC.
• August 14 – 1948 Ashes series: Australian batsman Don Bradman, playing his last Test cricket match, against England at The Oval, is bowled by Eric Hollies for a duck; however, "The Invincibles" win the match by an innings and 149 runs, and The Ashes 4-0.
• August 15 – The southern half of Korea is established as the Republic of Korea (South Korea).
• August 17 – The HUAC holds a private session between Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers.
• August 18 – The Danube Commission is created by the Belgrade Convention (enters into force 11 May 1949).
• August 20 – Lee Pressman, Nathan Witt, and John Abt, represented by Harold I. Cammer, plead the Fifth Amendment, in response to allegations of Communism by Whittaker Chambers before the HUAC.
• August 23 – The World Council of Churches is established in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• August 24 – The first meeting of the charter members of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan (ACCJ) is held.
• August 25 – The HUAC holds its first-ever televised congressional hearing, featuring "Confrontation Day" between Whittaker Chambers and Alger Hiss.
• August 27 – Whittaker Chambers states that Alger Hiss was a communist on Meet the Press radio.

September

• September 4 – Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands abdicates for health reasons.
• September 5 – Robert Schuman becomes Prime Minister of France.
• September 6 – Juliana is formally inaugurated to succeed her mother, as queen regnant of the Netherlands.
• September 9 – The northern half of Korea is formally declared the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea), with Kim Il-sung as prime minister.
• September 11 – Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder and first Governor-General of Pakistan, dies. Pakistan is in a state of shock as it mourns the departure of the father of the nation. The day is a public holiday nationwide.
• September 13–18 – Indian annexation of Hyderabad ("Operation Polo"): The princely state of Hyderabad is invaded by the Indian Armed Forces in a "police action", in the aftermath of Pakistani leader Jinnah's death. The Nizam of Hyderabad surrenders his state, which is amalgamated into the newly-independent Dominion of India; thousands are killed as a result of this event.
• September 13 – Margaret Chase Smith is elected United States Senator, and becomes the first woman to serve in both the U.S. House Of Representatives and the United States Senate.
• September 17 – Lehi members, also known as the Stern Gang, assassinate Swedish count Folke Bernadotte, United Nations Mediator in Palestine, in Jerusalem.
• September 18 – An inaugural motor race is held at Goodwood Circuit, West Sussex, England.
• September 20 – The city of Rabwah is established in Pakistan.
• September 27 – Alger Hiss files a slander suit against Whittaker Chambers, for his August 27 radio statement in the United States.
• September 29 – Laurence Olivier's film of Hamlet opens in the U.S.

October

• October 5 – The International Union for the Protection of Nature (later known as the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, IUCN) is established in Fontainebleau, France.
• October 6 – 1948 Ashgabat earthquake: A 7.3 M_s earthquake near Ashgabat, Soviet Turkmenistan kills 10,000–110,000.
• October 10 – The R-1 missile on test becomes the first Soviet launch to enter space.
• October 16 – The 57th Street Art Fair in Chicago, the oldest juried art fair in the American Midwest, is founded.
• October 20 – Brandeis University is formally founded in Massachusetts.
• October 26 – Donora Smog of 1948: A killer smog settles into Donora, Pennsylvania.
• October 29 – 1948 Arab–Israeli War: Massacres of Palestinian Arab villagers by the Israel Defense Forces:
  • Al-Dawayima massacre: Between 30 and 145 are killed.
  • Safsaf massacre: At least 52 are killed.

November

• November 1
  • The Foley Square trial of Eugene Dennis and ten other CPUSA leaders begins, in New York City.
  • Athenagoras I is elected the 268th Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
• November 2 – 1948 United States presidential election: Democratic incumbent Harry S. Truman defeats Republican Thomas E. Dewey, "Dixiecrat" Strom Thurmond, and Progressive party candidate Henry A. Wallace.
• November 12 – In Tokyo, an international war crimes tribunal sentences seven Japanese military and government officials to death, including General Hideki Tojo, for their roles in World War II.
• November 15 – Louis Stephen St. Laurent becomes Canada's 12th prime minister.
• November 16
  • Operation Magic Carpet to transport Jews from Yemen to Israel begins.
  • The University of the Andes (Universidad de los Andes) is founded in Bogotá, Colombia.
• November 17
  • Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi divorces his second wife, the former Princess Fawzia of Egypt.
  • Whittaker Chambers produces secret government papers, handwritten and typewritten by Alger Hiss, during pretrial examination.
• November 20 – Geoffrey B. Orbell rediscovers the Takahē, last seen 50 years previously, near Lake Te Anau, New Zealand.
• November 24 – In Venezuela, president Rómulo Gallegos is ousted by a military junta.
• November 27 – The Calgary Stampeders defeat the Ottawa Rough Riders 12–7 before 20,013 fans at Toronto's Varsity Stadium, to win their first Grey Cup, and complete the only perfect season to date in Canadian Football.

December

• December 1 – José Figueres Ferrer abolishes the army in Costa Rica, making it the first country in history to do so.
• December 2 – The United States House Un-American Activities Committee subpoenas and retrieves the "Pumpkin Papers" from the farm of Whittaker Chambers.
• December 6 – Richard Nixon displays microfilm from the "Pumpkin Papers" to the press.
• December 9 – The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Genocide Convention.
• December 10 – The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
• December 11–12 – Malayan Emergency: Batang Kali massacre: Scots Guards shoot 24 Chinese villagers in Malaya.
• December 15 – The United States Department of Justice indicts Alger Hiss, on two counts of perjury.
• December 17 – The Finnish Security Police is established to remove communist leadership from its predecessor, the State Police.
• December 19 – In the American National Football League, the Philadelphia Eagles defeat the Chicago Cardinals 7–0, to win the championship.
• December 20
  • Indonesian National Revolution: The Dutch military captures Yogyakarta, the temporary capital of the newly formed Republic of Indonesia.
  • American economist and former State Department official Laurence Duggan falls to his death, from the 16th story window of his Manhattan office.
• December 23 – Seven Japanese military and political leaders, convicted of war crimes by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, are executed by Allied occupation authorities, at Sugamo Prison in Tokyo, Japan.
• December 26
  • The last Soviet troops withdraw from North Korea.
  • Cardinal József Mindszenty is arrested in Hungary, and accused of treason and conspiracy.
• December 28 – A Muslim Brotherhood member assassinates Egyptian Prime Minister Mahmud Fahmi Nokrashi.
• December 30 – The musical Kiss Me, Kate opens for the first of 1,077 performances in New York City.
• December 31 – Arab-Israeli War: Israeli troops drive Egyptians from the Negev.

Date unknown

• The Casimir effect is predicted by Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir.
• The Fresh Kills Landfill, the world's largest, opens on Staten Island, New York.
• The Oakridge Transit Centre opens in Vancouver, British Columbia.
• The Slovak city Gúta is renamed Kolárovo.
• The Tunnel of Vielha is opened in the Aran Valley, Spanish Pyrenees.
• The last recorded sighting is made of the Caspian tiger, in Kazakhstan.
• A pack of wolves kills about 40 children in Darovskoy District, in Russia.
• Charles Warrell creates the first I-Spy books in the United Kingdom.
• Rev. W. Awdry's third book, James the Red Engine, is published in the United Kingdom.
• The last edition of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum is published in the Vatican.
• Inspired by World War II fighter planes, Cadillac introduces the first automobile to sport tailfins.
• The inaugural 6 Hours of Watkins Glen sports car endurance race is held in the United States.

Births

January

• January 2
  • Judith Miller, American journalist
  • Joyce Wadler, American writer, memoirist
  • Deborah Watling, English actress (d. 2017)
• January 5
  • Wally Foreman, Australian media icon (d. 2006)
  • Ted Lange, African-American actor, director (The Love Boat)
• January 7
  • Kenny Loggins, American rock singer (Footloose)
  • Ichirou Mizuki, Japanese voice actor
• January 10
  • Donald Fagen, American rock keyboardist (Steely Dan)
  • Teresa Graves, African-American actress and comedian (Get Christie Love) (d. 2002)
  • Mischa Maisky, Latvian cellist
• January 11
  • Hiroshi Wajima, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 2018)
  • Larry Harvey, American co-founder of Burning Man (d. 2018)
• January 12
  • Kenny Allen, English footballer
  • Anthony Andrews, English actor
• January 14
  • T Bone Burnett, American record producer, musician
  • Muhriz of Negeri Sembilan, Yamtuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan
  • Carl Weathers, African-American actor, football player (Rocky IV, Action Jackson)
• January 15 – Ronnie Van Zant, American rock musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1977)
• January 16
  • John Carpenter, American film director, producer, screenwriter and composer
  • Gregor Gysi, German politician
  • Cliff Thorburn, Canadian snooker player
  • Tsuneo Horiuchi, Japanese baseball pitcher, manager
• January 17 – Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland
• January 18 – M. C. Gainey, American actor
• January 19
  • Frank McKenna, Premier of New Brunswick, Canadian Ambassador
  • Michael J. Jackson, English actor
• January 23
  • Katharine Holabird, American writer
  • Mitoji Yabunaka, Japanese politician
• January 27 – Mikhail Baryshnikov, Russian dancer
• January 28 – Charles Taylor, Liberian politician, 22nd President of Liberia
• January 29 – Marc Singer, Canadian actor (V)
  • Cristina Saralegui, American-Cuban actress, talk show hostess, producer, and publisher
• January 30
  • Akira Yoshino, Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
  • Paul Magee, Provisional Irish Republican Army member
• January 31
  • Paul Jabara, American actor, singer and songwriter (d. 1992)
  • Muneo Suzuki, Japanese politician

February

• February 1 – Rick James, African-American urban singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer (d. 2004)
• February 2
  • Ina Garten, American cooking author
  • Roger Williamson, British race car driver (d. 1973)
• February 3
  • Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, East Timorean Catholic bishop, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
  • Henning Mankell, Swedish crime novelist (d. 2015)
• February 4
  • Alice Cooper, American hard rock singer and musician (School's Out)
  • Ram Baran Yadav, President of Nepal
• February 5
  • Sven-Göran Eriksson, Swedish football manager
  • Christopher Guest, American actor, screenwriter, director and composer (National Lampoon, Saturday Night Live)
  • Barbara Hershey, American actress (Beaches)
  • Tom Wilkinson, English actor
• February 7 – Jimmy Greenspoon, American keyboardist, composer (Three Dog Night) (d. 2015)
• February 8 – Dan Seals, American musician (d. 2009)
• February 9
  • Greg Stafford, American game designer, publisher (d. 2018)
  • David Hayman, Scottish film, television, and stage actor, director
• February 10
  • Ûssarĸak K'ujaukitsoĸ, Greenlandic Inuit politician, human rights activist (d. 2018)
  • John Magnier, Irish businessman, thoroughbred racehorse breeder
• February 11 – Chris Rush, American stand-up comedian
• February 12 – Raymond Kurzweil, American inventor, author
• February 13 – Kitten Natividad, Mexican-American film actress
• February 14
  • Jackie Martling, American comedian, radio personality
  • Wally Tax, Dutch musician (d. 2005)
  • Raymond Teller, American illusionist and magician, one half of the duo Penn & Teller
  • Yehuda Shoenfeld, Israeli physician, autoimmunity researcher
• February 15 – Larry DiTillio, American film and TV series writer (d. 2019)
• February 17
  • György Cserhalmi, Hungarian actor
  • José José, Mexican singer, actor (d. 2019)
• February 18 – Sinéad Cusack, Irish actress
• February 19
  • Pim Fortuyn, Dutch politician, author (d. 2002)
  • Tony Iommi, English heavy metal guitarist
• February 20 – Jennifer O'Neill, American model, actress
• February 22
  • John Ashton, American actor
  • Leslie H. Sabo Jr., American Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1970)
• February 24
  • Jayalalithaa, Indian politician, film actress (d. 2016)
  • Walter Smith, Scottish football manager
• February 25 – Danny Denzongpa, Indian actor
• February 28
  • Steven Chu, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
  • Mike Figgis, American director, screenwriter and composer
  • Kjell Isaksson, Swedish pole vaulter
  • Bernadette Peters, American actress, singer
  • Mercedes Ruehl, American actress
  • Alfred Sant, Leader of Malta Labour Party (1992–), Prime Minister of Malta (1996–1998)
• February 29
  • Khalid Salleh, Malaysian actor, poet (d. 2018)
  • Ken Foree, American actor
  • Henry Small, American-born Canadian singer

March

• March 2
  • R. T. Crowley, American pioneer of electronic commerce
  • Rory Gallagher, Irish musician (d. 1995)
  • Jeff Kennett, Australian politician
• March 4
  • Lindy Chamberlain-Creighton, Australian author (A Cry in the Dark)
  • James Ellroy, American writer
  • Tom Grieve, American baseball player
  • Leron Lee, American baseball player
  • Chris Squire, English bassist (Yes) (d. 2015)
  • Shakin' Stevens, Welsh singer
  • Brian Cummings, American voice actor
• March 5
  • Eddy Grant, Guyanese British singer, musician (Electric Avenue)
  • Elaine Paige, English singer, actress
• March 6 – Anna Maria Horsford, African-American actress (Amen)
• March 8 – Sinta Nuriyah, 4th First Lady of Indonesia, wife of Abdurrahman Wahid
• March 9
  • László Lovász, Hungarian mathematician
  • Jeffrey Osborne, African-American singer (On the Wings of Love)
• March 11 – Dominique Sanda, French actress
• March 12 – James Taylor, American singer, songwriter (Fire and Rain)
• March 14 – Billy Crystal, American actor, comedian (Saturday Night Live)
• March 15 – Sérgio Vieira de Mello, Brazilian diplomat (d. 2003)
• March 17 – William Gibson, American/Canadian writer
• March 20
  • John de Lancie, American actor
  • Bobby Orr, Canadian hockey player
  • Helene Vannari, Estonian actress
• March 22
  • Inri Cristo, Brazilian educator who claims to be Jesus Christ reincarnated
  • Wolf Blitzer, American television journalist (CNN)
  • Andrew Lloyd Webber, English composer (Jesus Christ Superstar)
• March 25 – Bonnie Bedelia, American actress
• March 26
  • Nash the Slash (b. James Jeffrey Plewman), Canadian musician (d. 2014)
  • Steven Tyler, American rock singer, songwriter (Aerosmith)
• March 28
  • Jayne Ann Krentz, American novelist
  • Dennis Unkovic, American author
  • Dianne Wiest, American actress
• March 29
  • Mike Heideman, American basketball coach (d. 2018)
  • Bud Cort, American actor (Harold and Maude)
• March 30 – Eddie Jordan, Irish founder of Jordan Grand Prix
• March 31
  • Al Gore, 45th Vice President of the United States, 2000 Democratic nominee for president, environmentalist
  • Rhea Perlman, American actress (Cheers)

April

• April 1 – Jimmy Cliff, Jamaican singer, actor
• April 2
  • Bob Lienhard, American basketball player (d. 2018)
  • Roald Als, Danish cartoonist
• April 3 – Carlos Salinas de Gortari, Mexican economist, politician and 53rd President of Mexico (1988-1994)
• April 4
  • Squire Parsons, American gospel singer, songwriter
  • Dan Simmons, American fantasy, science fiction author
  • Berry Oakley, American musician (d. 1972)
• April 5 – Neil Portnow, American President of The Recording Academy (NARAS)
• April 7 – John Oates, American rock singer, guitarist (Hall & Oates)
• April 9 – Jaya Bachchan, Indian actress and politician
• April 10 – Fauzi Bowo, Indonesian politician, diplomat and former governor of Jakarta
• April 12
  • Jeremy Beadle, English TV presenter (d. 2008)
  • Don Fernando, American pornographic film actor, director
  • Joschka Fischer, German politician
  • Marcello Lippi, Italian football player, manager
• April 13
  • Nam Hae-il, 25th Chief of Naval Operations of the Republic of Korea Navy
  • Mikhail Shufutinsky, Soviet, Russian singer, actor and TV presenter
• April 15 – Michael Kamen, American composer (d. 2003)
• April 16
  • Ammar El Sherei, Egyptian music icon, celebrity (d. 2012)
  • Kazuyuki Sogabe, Japanese voice actor (d. 2006)
• April 17
  • Jan Hammer, Czechoslovakian composer, pianist and keyboardist
  • Peter Jenni, Swiss experimental particle physicist
• April 18
  • Avi Arad, Israeli-American film producer
• April 21
  • Paul Davis, American singer, songwriter (Cool Night) (d. 2008)
  • Josef Flammer, Swiss ophthalmologist (after whom Flammer syndrome is named)
• April 27
  • Amrit Kumar Bohara, Nepalese politician
  • Frank Abagnale, American con man, imposter
  • Si Robertson, American reality star, preacher, hunter, outdoorsman, and U.S. Army veteran
• April 28
  • Terry Pratchett, English comic fantasy, science fiction author (d. 2015)
  • Marcia Strassman, American actress, singer (Welcome Back, Kotter) (d. 2014)
• April 29 – Michael Karoli, German musician (d. 2001)
• April 30 – Jocelyne Saab, Lebanese journalist, film director (d. 2019)

May

• May 2
  • Vladimir Matorin, Russian opera singer
  • Larry Gatlin, American singer, songwriter
• May 3
  • William H. Miller, American maritime historian
  • Chris Mulkey, American actor
• May 4
  • Jan Kantůrek, Czech translator (d. 2018)
  • Tanya Falan, American singer
  • King George Tupou V of Tongo (d. 2012)
• May 5
  • Joe Esposito, American singer, songwriter
  • Richard Pacheco, American pornographic actor
  • Bill Ward, English rock drummer
• May 7
  • Susan Atkins, convicted murderer and ex-follower of Charles Manson
• May 8
  • Dame Felicity Lott, English soprano
  • Stephen Stohn, Canadian television producer
• May 9
  • Steven W. Mosher, American social scientist, author
  • Calvin Murphy, American basketball player, analyst
• May 11
  • Pam Ferris, Welsh actress
  • Shigeru Izumiya, Japanese musician
• May 12
  • Steve Winwood, English rock singer (Higher Love)
  • Lindsay Crouse, American actress
• May 14 – Bob Woolmer, Indian-born English cricket coach (d. 2007)
• May 15
  • Yutaka Enatsu, Japanese professional baseball pitcher
  • Brian Eno, English musician, record producer
• May 16 – Jesper Christensen, Danish actor
• May 17 – Penny DeHaven, American country singer (d. 2014)
• May 18
  • Olivia Harrison, American author and film producer
  • Mikko Heiniö, Finnish composer
• May 19 – Grace Jones, Jamaican singer, actress
• May 20 – Tesshō Genda, Japanese voice actor
• May 21
  • D'Jamin Bartlett, American musical theatre actress
  • Elizabeth Buchan, English writer
  • Jonathan Hyde, Australian-born English actor
  • Leo Sayer, English rock musician (When I Need You)
• May 25 – Klaus Meine, German singer (Scorpions)
• May 26
  • Dayle Haddon, Canadian model, actress
  • Stevie Nicks, American rock singer, songwriter (Fleetwood Mac)
• May 27 – Wubbo de Boer, Dutch civil servant
• May 29 – Michael Berkeley, English composer
• May 31
  • Svetlana Alexievich, Belarusian writer of literary reportage, Nobel Prize laureate
  • John Bonham, English rock drummer (Led Zeppelin) (d. 1980)

June

• June 1
  • Powers Boothe, American actor (Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones) (d. 2017)
  • Tom Sneva, American race car driver, Indianapolis 500 winner
• June 2 – Jerry Mathers, American actor (Leave it to Beaver)
• June 4
  • Bob Champion, English jump jockey
  • David Haskell, American actor (d. 2000)
• June 6 – Richard Sinclair, English musician (Caravan)
• June 8
  • Jürgen von der Lippe, German television presenter, actor and comedian
  • Jad Azkoul, Lebanese-American classical guitarist
• June 9
  • Gudrun Schyman, Swedish politician
  • Gary Thorne, American play-by-play announcer
• June 11 – Dave Cash, American baseball player
• June 13 – Garnet Bailey, Canadian hockey player, scout (d. 2001)
• June 14 – Laurence Yep, American author
• June 15 – Paul Michiels, Belgian singer, songwriter
• June 17 – Dave Concepción, Venezuelan baseball player
• June 19
  • Nick Drake, English musician (d. 1974)
  • Lea Laven, Finnish singer
  • Phylicia Rashad, African-American actress (The Cosby Show)
• June 20
  • Alan Longmuir, Scottish musician (d. 2018)
  • Ludwig Scotty, President of Nauru
• June 21
  • Lionel Rose, Australian boxer
  • Jovan Aćimović, Serbian football player
  • Raffaello Martinelli, Italian prelate
  • Philippe Sarde, French film composer
  • Andrzej Sapkowski, Polish writer
  • Wolfgang Seel, German football player
  • Greg Hyder, American professional basketball player
• June 22
  • Madeleine Meilleur, Canadian politician
  • Takashi Sasano, Japanese actor
  • Shōhaku Okumura, Japanese Soto Zen
  • Peter Prijdekker, Dutch swimmer
  • Sue Roberts, American professional golfer
  • Todd Rundgren, American rock singer, record producer (Hello It's Me)
  • Curtis Johnson, American football cornerback
  • Franciszek Smuda, Polish football coach
  • Panagiotis Xanthakos, Greek sports shoote
  • Colin Waldron, English football defender
• June 23
  • Larry Coker, American football player, coach
  • Jim Heacock, American defensive coordinator
  • Luther Kent, American blues singer
  • Clarence Thomas, African-American Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
• June 24
  • Stephen Martin, Australian politician, senior academic and rugby league referee
  • Patrick Moraz, Swiss keyboard player
  • Janet Museveni, First Lady of Uganda
  • Dave Orchard, South African cricketer
  • Eigil Sørensen, Danish cyclist
  • Jürgen Stars, German footballer
  • Jenny Wood, Zimbabwean swimmer
• June 25
  • Kenn George, American businessman
  • Michael Lembeck, American actor, television and film director
  • Tom Rideout, Canadian politician
• June 26
  • David Vaughan, Welsh professional golfer
  • John Pratt, English professional footballer
  • Pablo Anaya Rivera, Mexican politician
• June 27
  • Vennira Aadai Nirmala, Tamil actress
  • Michael J. Barrett, Guamanian politician
  • Camile Baudoin, American rock guitarist
• June 28
  • Deborah Moggach, English writer
  • Kathy Bates, American actress (Misery)
  • Jimmy Thomson, Scottish professional footballer
  • Brian Rowan, Scottish professional footballer
• June 29
  • Danny Adcock, Australian actor
  • Vic Brooks, English cricketer
  • Leo Burke, Canadian professional wrestler
  • Fred Grandy, American actor, politician (The Love Boat)
  • Helge Karlsen, Norwegian football player
  • Ian Paice, English musician (Deep Purple)
  • Usha Prashar, Baroness Prashar, crossbench member of the House of Lords
• June 30
  • Alice Wong, Canadian politician
  • Dag Fornæss, Norwegian speed skater
  • Peter Rossborough, English rugby union international
  • Galarrwuy Yunupingu, Australian Indigenous community leader
  • Vladimir Yakunin, Russian official, head of state-run Russian Railways Company
  • Raymond Leo Burke, American cardinal, prelate

July

• July 1
  • Ever Hugo Almeida, Paraguayan footballer
  • John Ford, English-born rock musician (Strawbs), writer of Part of the Union
  • Michael McGimpsey, Northern Ireland politician
• July 2
  • Mario Villanueva, Mexican politician
  • Saul Rubinek, German-Canadian character actor, director, producer and playwright
• July 3 – Tarmo Koivisto, Finnish comics artist
• July 4
  • René Arnoux, French racing driver
  • Louis Raphaël I Sako, Head of the Chaldean Catholic Church
  • Ed Armbrister, Bahamian Major League Baseball outfielder
  • Nazmul Hussain, Indian first-class cricketer
  • Jeremy Spencer, British musician
• July 5
  • Tony DeMeo, American football coach, player
  • Dave Lemonds, American baseball player
  • Salomon Juan Marcos Issa, Mexican politician
  • Lojze Peterle, Slovenian politician
• July 6
  • Nathalie Baye, French film, television and stage actress
  • Jeff Webb, American professional basketball player
  • Arnaldo Baptista, Brazilian rock musician, composer
  • Brad Park, Canadian NHL Defenseman
  • Sid Smith, American football offensive lineman
  • Eiko Segawa, Japanese female enka singer, actress
  • Jan van der Veen, Dutch professional association football player
• July 7
  • Jerry Sherk, American football defensive tackle
  • Jean LeClerc, Québécois actor
  • Jean-Marie Colombani, French journalist
  • Tan Lee Meng, Singaporean jurist
  • Stuart Varney, British-American economic consultant
  • Luis Estrada, Mexican football league forward, Olympic athlete
• July 8 – Raffi, Egyptian-born children's entertainer
• July 10
  • Theo Bücker, German football manager, player
  • Rich Hand, American professional baseball player
  • Mick Coop, English professional football right back
• July 12
  • Jay Thomas, American actor (d. 2017)
  • Richard Simmons, American television personality, fitness expert
• July 13
  • Don Sweet, Canadian star football kicker
  • Alf Hansen, Norwegian rower
  • Robert A. Underwood, Guamanian politician, educator
  • Daphne Maxwell Reid, African-American actress
• July 14 – Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu, Zulu king
• July 15
  • Richard Franklin, Australian film director (d. 2007)
  • Twinkle, English singer, songwriter (d. 2015)
• July 16
  • Rubén Blades, Panamanian singer, actor and musician
  • Rita Barberá, Spanish politician, Mayor of Valencia (d. 2016)
  • Pinchas Zukerman, Israeli violinist
  • Jeff Van Wagenen, American professional golfer
  • Lars Lagerbäck, Swedish football manager, player
• July 17
  • Alan Sieler, Australian cricketer
  • Doug Berry, American Canadian football coach
• July 18 – Hartmut Michel, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• July 20
  • Muse Watson, American actor
  • Maroun Elias Nimeh Lahham, Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tunis
• July 21
  • Beppe Grillo, Italian activist, blogger, comedian and actor
  • Ed Hinton, American sportswriter
  • Cat Stevens (b. Steven Georgiou, later known as Yusuf Islam), British singer, musician
  • Garry Trudeau, American cartoonist (Doonesbury)
  • Teruzane Utada, Japanese music executive producer, attendant
  • Mikhail Zadornov, Russian stand-up comedian, writer
  • Snooty, male Florida manatee (d. 2017)
• July 22
  • Susan Eloise Hinton, American author
  • Otto Waalkes, German comedian, actor
• July 23 – John Cushnahan, Northern Irish politician
• July 25
  • Steve Goodman, American Grammy Award-winning folk music singer, songwriter (d. 1984)
  • Tony Cline, American football player (d. 2018)
• July 27 – Peggy Fleming, American figure skater
• July 28
  • Gerald Casale, American director, singer (Devo)\
  • Georgia Engel, American actress (d. 2019)
  • Sally Struthers, American actress, spokeswoman (All in the Family)
• July 30
  • Jean Reno, French actor
  • Julia Tsenova, Bulgarian composer, musician (d. 2010)
• July 31 – Jonathan Dollimore, English academic sociologist, cultural theorist

August

• August 1 – Jim Carroll, American author, poet and musician (d. 2009)
• August 2
  • Dennis Prager, American radio talk show host, author
  • Bob Rae, Canadian politician
• August 3 – Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Prime Minister of France
• August 7 – James P. Allison, American immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• August 12 – Mizengo Pinda, 9th Prime Minister of Tanzania
• August 13 – Kathleen Battle, African-American soprano
• August 14 – Joseph Marcell, English actor
• August 15
  • Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi, Iranian cleric, politician (d. 2018)
  • George Ryton, Singapore-born English Formula One engineer
• August 18 – Sean Scanlan, Scottish actor (d. 2017)
• August 19 – Loredana Lopez, Spanish singer (d. 1996)
  • Robert Hughes, Australian actor
  • Tipper Gore, Second Lady of the United States
  • Deana Martin, American singer and actress
• August 20
  • John Noble, Australian actor
  • Robert Plant, English singer (Led Zeppelin)
  • Barbara Allen Rainey (b. Barbara Ann Allen), American aviator, first female pilot in the U.S. armed forces (d. 1982)
• August 22 – David Marks, American guitarist (The Beach Boys)
• August 23 – Lev Zeleny, Soviet, Russian physicist
• August 24
  • Jean Michel Jarre, French electronic musician
  • Sauli Niinisto, Finnish politician, 12th President of Finland
  • Kim Sung-il, Chief of Staff of the Republic of Korea Air Force
  • Vicente Sotto III, Filipino actor, host and politician
• August 25 – Tony Ramos, Brazilian actor
• August 27 – Sgt. Slaughter, American professional wrestler
• August 30
  • Lewis Black, American comedian
  • Fred Hampton, African-American activist (d. 1969)
  • Victor Skumin, Russian scientist, professor
• August 31
  • Cyril Jordan, American musician
  • Holger Osieck, German football manager

September

• September 1 – James Rebhorn, American actor (d. 2014)
• September 2
  • Nate Archibald, American basketball player
  • Terry Bradshaw, American football player, sportscaster
  • Christa McAuliffe, American teacher, astronaut (Challenger Disaster) (d. 1986)
• September 3
  • Don Brewer, American drummer (Grand Funk Railroad)
  • Levy Mwanawasa, Zambian president (d. 2008)
• September 4
  • Samuel Hui, Hong Kong singer
  • Michael Berryman, American actor
• September 5 – Benita Ferrero-Waldner, Austrian diplomat, politician
• September 7 – Susan Blakely, American actress
• September 8 – Great Kabuki, Japanese professional wrestler
• September 10
  • Judy Geeson, English actress
  • Bob Lanier, American basketball player
  • Margaret Trudeau (b. Margaret Sinclair), wife and mother of Prime Ministers of Canada
  • Charlie Waters, American football player
• September 11 – John Martyn (b. Iain McGeachy), British folk-rock guitarist (d. 2009)
• September 13
  • Nell Carter, African-American singer, actress (Gimme a Break!) (d. 2003)
  • Sitiveni Rabuka, 3rd Prime Minister of Fiji
• September 16 – Ron Blair, American bassist (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers)
• September 17 – John Ritter, American actor (Three's Company) (d. 2003)
• September 19
  • Jeremy Irons, English actor
  • Nadezhda Tkachenko, Soviet pentathlete
• September 20
  • Rey Langit, Filipino journalist, radio host
  • George R. R. Martin, American speculative fiction author
• September 22
  • Denis Burke, Australian politician
  • Mark Phillips, British army captain, equestrian and first husband of Anne, Princess Royal
  • Jim Byrnes, American voice actor, blues musician and actor
• September 23 – José Lavat, Mexican voice actor (d. 2018)
• September 24 – Phil Hartman, Canadian actor, comedian (Saturday Night Live) (d. 1998)
• September 25
  • Cäcilia Rentmeister, German art historian, gender researcher
  • Vladimir Yevtushenkov, Russian oligarch
• September 26
  • Maurizio Gucci, Italian businessman, murder victim (d. 1995)
  • Olivia Newton-John, English-born Australian singer, actress
  • Vladimír Remek, Czech politician and cosmonaut
• September 27
  • Michele Dotrice, English actress
  • A Martinez, American actor, singer
• September 29
  • Mark Farner, American rock guitarist, singer (Grand Funk Railroad)
  • Bryant Gumbel, African-American television broadcaster (The Today Show)
  • Theo Jörgensmann, German jazz clarinetist
  • Burton Richardson, American game show announcer

October

• October 1
  • Mark Landon, American actor (d. 2009)
  • Sir Peter Blake, New Zealand yachtsman (k. 2001)
• October 2
  • Avery Brooks, American actor, musician
  • Persis Khambatta, Indian actress, model (Star Trek: The Motion Picture) (d. 1998)
  • Chris LeDoux, American singer, rodeo star (d. 2005)
  • Donna Karan, American fashion designer
• October 4
  • Meg Bennett, American soap opera writer
  • Iain Hewitson, New Zealand-Australian chef, restaurateur, author, and television personality
• October 6 – Gerry Adams, Northern Irish politician
• October 7 – Diane Ackerman, American poet, essayist
• October 8
  • Johnny Ramone, American guitarist (Ramones) (d. 2004)
  • Baldwin Spencer, 3rd Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda
• October 9
  • Jackson Browne, American rock musician (Running on Empty)
  • Ciarán Carson, Northern Irish poet, novelist
  • Oliver Hart, English-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate
• October 11
  • Margie Alexander, American gospel, soul singer (d. 2013)
  • Cynthia Clawson, American gospel singer
• October 12 – Rick Parfitt, English musician (Status Quo) (d. 2016)
• October 13
  • John Ford Coley, American rock musician (I'd Really Love to See You Tonight)
  • Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Pakistani musician (d. 1997)
  • Ted Poe, American politician
• October 14
  • Engin Arık, Turkish nuclear physicist (d. 2007)
  • David Ruprecht, American actor, writer (Supermarket Sweep)
• October 15
  • Renato Corona, Filipino jurist, lawyer (d. 2016)
  • Chris de Burgh, born Christopher Davison, Argentine-born Anglo-Irish singer, songwriter
• October 16
  • Leo Mazzone, American baseball coach
  • Hema Malini, Indian actress, writer, director, producer, dancer and politician
• October 17
  • Robert Jordan, American novelist (d. 2007)
  • Margot Kidder, Canadian actress (Superman) (d. 2018)
  • Akira Kushida, Japanese singer
  • George Wendt, American actor (Cheers)
• October 18
  • Hans Köchler, Austrian philosopher
  • Ntozake Shange, African-American playwright, poet (d. 2018)
• October 19 – Patrick Simmons, American musician (The Doobie Brothers)
• October 21
  • Tom Everett, American actor
  • Allen Vigneron, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Detroit
• October 22
  • Lynette Fromme, American attempted assassin of Gerald Ford
  • Debbie Macomber, American author
• October 23 – Sir Gerry Robinson, Irish-born British businessman
• October 25
  • Dave Cowens, American basketball player, coach
  • Dan Gable, American wrestler, coach
• October 26 – Toby Harrah, American baseball player
• October 28 – Telma Hopkins, African-American actress, singer (Tony Orlando and Dawn)
• October 29 – Kate Jackson, American actress (Charlie's Angels)
• October 30 – Garry McDonald, Australian actor, satirist, and comedian

November

• November 1 – Anna Stuart, American actress
• November 3 – Lulu (b. Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie), Scottish singer, actress (To Sir, With Love)
• November 4
  • Delia Casanova, Mexican actress
  • Amadou Toumani Touré, President of Mali
• November 5
  • Charles Bradley, African-American singer (d. 2017)
  • Bob Barr, American politician
  • Dallas Holm, American Christian musician
  • Zacharias Jimenez, Filipino Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2018)
  • Khalid Ibrahim Khan, Pakistani politician (d. 2018)
  • William Daniel Phillips, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• November 6 – Glenn Frey, American guitarist, singer (The Eagles) (d. 2016)
• November 7 – Jim Houghton, American actor, director
• November 9
  • Viktor Matviyenko, Ukrainian footballer, coach (d. 2018)
  • Luiz Felipe Scolari, Brazilian football player, manager
  • Kelly Harmon, American actress and model
• November 10 – Vincent Schiavelli, American actor (d. 2005)
• November 12
  • Skip Campbell, American politician (d. 2018)
  • Hassan Rouhani, 7th President of Iran
  • Richard Roberts, American evangelist, son of Oral Roberts
• November 13
  • Humayun Ahmed, Bengali-language writer
  • Lockwood Smith, New Zealand politician
• November 14
  • Charles, Prince of Wales (b. Prince Charles of Edinburgh), heir apparent to the British throne and son of Elizabeth II (at this time Duchess of Edinburgh) and The Duke of Edinburgh
  • Robert Ginty, American actor, director (d. 2009)
  • Dee Wallace, American actress
• November 15 – James Kemsley, Australian cartoonist, actor (d. 2007)
• November 16
  • Chi Coltrane, American musician (Thunder and Lightning)
  • Ken James, Australian actor
  • Mutt Lange, Rhodesian-born record producer
  • Mate Parlov, Yugoslav Olympic boxer (d. 2008)
• November 17 – Howard Dean, American politician
• November 19 – Rance Allen, African-American gospel singer, preacher
• November 20
  • Harlee McBride, American actress
  • John R. Bolton, U.S. Ambassador to the U.N., National Security Advisor
  • Barbara Hendricks, American singer
  • Richard Masur, American actor, director and president of the Screen Actors Guild
• November 21
  • Alphonse Mouzon, American jazz drummer (d. 2016)
  • Michel Suleiman, President of Lebanon
• November 22 – Saroj Khan, Indian dance choreographer
• November 23
  • Dominique-France Picard (aka Princess Fadila of Egypt), wife of King Fuad II of Egypt and the Sudan
  • Ron Bouchard, American NASCAR driver (d. 2015)
  • Gabriele Seyfert, East German figure skater
• November 24 – Joe Howard, American actor
• November 25 – Antoine Sfeir, Franco-Lebanese journalist, professor (d. 2018)
• November 26
  • Elizabeth Blackburn, Australian-American biologist, winner of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
  • Gayle McCormick, American singer (Smith) (d. 2016)
• November 28 – Agnieszka Holland, Polish director, screenwriter

December

• December 2
  • T. Coraghessan Boyle, American writer
  • Rajat Gupta, Indian-American businessman
  • Patricia Hewitt, British Labour Party politician
  • Toninho Horta, Brazilian singer, musician
  • Christine Westermann, German television, radio host, journalist and author
• December 3
  • Rick Cua, American singer, evangelist
  • Ozzy Osbourne, English singer (Black Sabbath)
• December 6
  • Keke Rosberg, Finnish Formula One champion
  • Marius Müller-Westernhagen, German actor, musician
  • JoBeth Williams, American actress, director
• December 7
  • Gary Morris, American country singer, actor
  • Tony Thomas, American television and film producer
  • Mads Vinding, Danish bassist
• December 10 – Abu Abbas, Palestine Liberation Front founder (d. 2004)
• December 11 – Chester Thompson, American rock drummer
• December 12 – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, 20th President of Portugal
• December 13
  • Lillian Board, South African-born English Olympic athlete (d. 1970)
  • Ted Nugent, American rock guitarist, singer, conservative political commentator (Cat Scratch Fever)
  • David O'List, English rock guitarist
• December 14
  • Lester Bangs, American music journalist (d. 1982)
  • Kim Beazley, Australian politician
• December 15
  • Melanie Chartoff, American actress and singer (Rugrats)
  • Charlie Scott, American basketball player
• December 18 – Edmund Kemper, American serial killer
• December 19 – Ken Brown, Canadian ice hockey player
• December 20 – Alan Parsons, English songwriter, musician and record producer
• December 21
  • Samuel L. Jackson, African-American actor, film producer
  • Willi Resetarits, Austrian musician, cabaret artist
• December 22
  • Noel Edmonds, English TV presenter, DJ
  • Flip Mark, American child actor
  • Lynne Thigpen, African-American actress (Godspell) (d. 2003)
• December 23 – Jim Ferguson, American guitarist, composer, educator, author and music journalist
• December 25
  • Queen Alia (d. 1977)
  • Barbara Mandrell, American country singer, musician, and actress
• December 27
  • Ronnie Caldwell, American soul music, rhythm and blues musician (d. 1967)
  • Gérard Depardieu, French actor
• December 28 – Mary Weiss, American singer (The Shangri-Las)
• December 29 – Peter Robinson, Northern Ireland First Minister
• December 31
  • Stephen Cleobury, English composer, conductor
  • Joe Dallesandro, American model, actor
  • Sandy Jardine, Scottish professional footballer, playing for Rangers and Hearts and representing Scotland (d. 2014)
  • Donna Summer, African-American singer, actress (Love to Love You Baby) (d. 2012)

Date unknown

• Archana Bhattacharyya, Indian physicist
• Miguel Cabrera Cabrera, Spanish architect, politician
• Vicatan, born Vicente Doria Catan Jr., Filipino comic book artist (d. 2004)
• Gudo Hoegel, German actor, voice actor
• Phalon Jones, American soul music, rhythm and blues musician (d. 1967)
• John Blair Moore, American comic book artist
• Johnny Nicholas, American blues musician
• Judy Nylon, American artist, musician
• Edward Rutherfurd (b. Francis Edward Wintle), English novelist

Deaths

January

• January 1 – Edna May, American actress (b. 1878)
• January 2 – Vicente Huidobro, Chilean poet (b. 1893)
• January 4 – Anna Kallina, Austrian actress (b. 1874)
• January 5 – Mary Dimmick Harrison, wife of President Benjamin Harrison (b. 1858)
• January 7
  • Charles C. Wilson, American actor (b. 1894)
  • Maria de Maeztu Whitney, Spanish educator, feminist (b. 1882)
• January 8
  • Charles Magnusson, Swedish producer, screenwriter (b. 1878)
  • Kurt Schwitters, German artist (b. 1887)
  • Edward Stanley Kellogg, 16th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1870)
• January 12 – Herbert Allen Farmer, American criminal (b. 1891)
• January 19 – Tony Garnier, French architect (b. 1869)
• January 21
  • Eliza Moore, last person born into slavery in the United States (b. 1843)
  • Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, Italian composer (b. 1876)
• January 24
  • Bill Cody, American actor (b. 1891)
  • Giuseppe Giaccardo, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1896)
  • Maria Mandl, Austrian criminal (b. 1912)
• January 26 – Georg Bruchmüller, influential German artillery officer (b. 1863)
• January 28 – Anna Maria Gove, American physician (b. 1867)
• January 29 – King Tomislav II of Croatia (b. 1900)
• January 30
  • Nigel De Brulier, British actor (b. 1877)
  • Sir Arthur Coningham, British air force air marshal (disappeared) (b. 1895)
  • Mahatma Gandhi, Leader of Indian independence movement, (assassinated) (b. 1869)
  • Herb Pennock, American baseball player (New York Yankees) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1894)
  • Orville Wright, American co-inventor of the airplane (b. 1871)
• January 31 – John T. Daniels, American Coast Guardsman, took the Wright brothers' first flight photograph (b. 1873)

February

• February 1 – Jatindramohan Bagchi, Indian (Bengali) poet (b. 1878)
• February 2 – Bevil Rudd, South African athlete (b. 1894)
• February 3 – Laura Wheeler Waring, African-American painter, known for Harlem Renaissance portraits (b. 1887)
• February 4 – Otto Praeger, American postal official who implemented U.S. Airmail (b. 1871)
• February 8 – Samuel P. Bush, American businessman, industrialist (b. 1863)
• February 9
  • Burns Mantle, American theatre critic (b. 1873)
  • Karl Valentin, German actor (b. 1882)
• February 11
  • Sergei Eisenstein, Soviet film director (b. 1898)
  • Isaac Isaacs, 9th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1855)
• February 12 – Theodor Caspari, Norwegian poet, novelist, writer, literary critic and teacher (b. 1853)
• February 14 – Mordecai Brown, American baseball player (Chicago Cubs), MLB Hall of Fame member (b. 1876)
• February 15 – Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, Indian poet (b. 1904)
• February 17 – Enrique Finochietto, Argentine academic, physician and inventor (b. 1881)
• February 18 – Renato Balestrero, Italian racecar driver (b. 1898)
• February 23 – John Robert Gregg, Irish-born inventor of shorthand (b. 1866)
• February 25
  • Alfredo Baldomir, Uruguayan politician, soldier, architect, 27th President of Uruguay and World War II leader (b. 1884)
  • Alexander du Toit, South African geologist (b. 1878)
  • Felix Krueger, German psychologist (b. 1874)
  • Juan Esteban Montero, Chilean political figure, 20th President of Chile (b. 1879)
• February 27
  • Charles Gifford, New Zealand astronomer, explorer and teacher (b. 1861)
  • Patriarch Nicodim of Romania (b. 1864)
• February 28 – Camila Quiroga, Argentine actress (b. 1891)

March

• March 1 – Gabriel Brunet de Sairigné, French general (b. 1913)
• March 4 – Antonin Artaud, French playwright, actor and director (b. 1896)
• March 6 – Ross Lockridge, Jr., American novelist (suicide) (b. 1914)
• March 8 – Piero Folli, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1881)
• March 10
  • Zelda Fitzgerald, American wife of F. Scott Fitzgerald (b. 1900)
  • Jan Masaryk, Czechoslovakian Foreign Minister (b. 1886)
• March 14
  • Giuseppina Catanea, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1894)
  • Senge Motomaro, Japanese poet (b. 1888)
• March 17 – Paul Dupuy, French historian, biographer (b. 1856)
• March 23
  • George Milne, 1st Baron Milne, British field marshal (b. 1866)
  • Kōzō Satō, Japanese admiral (b. 1871)
• March 24
  • Nikolai Berdyaev, Soviet religious leader, political philosopher (b. 1874)
  • Giovanni Cuomo, Italian politician, lawyer and teacher (b. 1874)
  • Paolo Thaon di Revel, former admiral of the Royal Italian Navy (b. 1859)
  • Sabbas of Kalymnos, Greek Orthodox priest and saint (b. 1862)
• March 30
  • Robert Norman Bland, British colonial administrator (b. 1859)
  • Giovanni Ceirano, Italian industrialist, automotive pioneer (b. 1865)
• March 31 – Egon Erwin Kisch, Austrian journalist, author (b. 1885)

April

• April 2
  • Biagio Biagetti, Italian painter (b. 1877)
  • Baba Sawan Singh, Indian saint known as "The Great Master" (b. 1858)
• April 5 – Angelo Joseph Rossi, American political figure, Mayor of San Francisco (b. 1878)
• April 7 – Isabel Andreu de Aguilar, Puerto Rican writer, educator, philanthropist and activist (b. 1887)
• April 8 – Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, Palestinian Arab nationalist (b. 1907)
• April 9
  • George Carpenter, 5th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1872)
  • Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Colombian politician (assassinated) (b. 1903)
• April 15 – Manuel Roxas, Filipino statesman, 5th President of the Philippines (b. 1892)
• April 17 – Kantarō Suzuki, Japanese admiral, 42nd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1868)
• April 19 – Mikhail Rostovtsev, Soviet actor (b. 1872)
• April 20 – Mitsumasa Yonai, Japanese admiral and politician, 37th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1880)
• April 21 – Carlos López Buchardo, Argentine composer (b. 1881)
• April 22 – Prosper Montagné, French chef and author (b. 1865)
• April 23 – Prince Albrecht of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (b. 1863)
• April 24 – Manuel Ponce, Mexican composer (b. 1882)
• April 25 – Gerardo Matos Rodriguez, Uruguayan composer, journalist and pianist (b. 1897)
• April 30 – Alfredo Miguel Aguayo Sánchez, Puerto Rican educator, writer (b. 1866)

May

• May 2 – Ángel Maria Herrera, Panamanian educator (b. 1859)
• May 3 – Ernst Tandefelt, Finnish nobleman, assassin of Minister Ritavuori (b. 1876)
• May 9
  • Viola Allen, American actress (b. 1867)
  • Frank Leigh, British actor (b. 1876)
• May 13
  • Milan Begović, Yugoslavian writer (b. 1876)
  • Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (b. 1920)
• May 15
  • André Dauchez, French painter (b. 1870)
  • Father Edward J. Flanagan, Irish-born American Roman Catholic priest, founder of Boys Town and monsignor (b. 1886)
  • Toyoaki Horiuchi, Japanese general, Class B war criminal suspect (executed) (b. 1900)
• May 16 – Muhammad Habibullah, Indian politician (b. 1869)
• May 18 – Francisco Alonso, Spanish composer (b. 1887)
• May 19 – Maximilian Lenz, Austrian painter and sculptor (b. 1860)
• May 21 – Jacques Feyder, French filmmaker (b. 1885)
• May 22 – Claude McKay, Jamaican-born American writer and poet (b. 1889)
• May 26 – Émile Gaston Chassinat, French egyptologist (b. 1868)
• May 28 – Unity Mitford, British socialite; friend of Adolf Hitler (b. 1914)
• May 29 – Dame May Whitty, British actress (b. 1865)
• May 30 – József Klekl, Slovene politician in Hungary (b. 1874)

June

• June 1 – José Vianna da Motta, Portuguese pianist, teacher and composer (b. 1868)
• June 2 – Viktor Brack, German doctor (executed by hanging for war crimes) (b. 1904)
  • Karl Brandt, German S.S. officer (b. 1904)
  • Rudolf Brandt, German S.S. officer (b. 1909)
  • Karl Gebhardt, German S.S. officer (b. 1897)
  • Waldemar Hoven, German S.S. officer (b. 1903)
  • Joachim Mrugowsky, German S.S. officer (b. 1905)
  • Wolfram Sievers, German S.S. officer (b. 1905)
• June 6 – Louis Lumière, French film pioneer (b. 1864)
• June 8 – Giacomo Albanese, Italian mathematician (b. 1890)
• June 13 – Osamu Dazai, Japanese writer (b. 1909)
• June 16 – Eugênia Álvaro Moreyra, Brazilian journalist, actress and director (b. 1898)
• June 25
  • Bento de Jesus Caraça, Portuguese mathematician, economist and statistician (b. 1901)
  • William C. Lee, American general (b. 1895)
• June 26
  • Nasib al-Bitar, Palestine jurist (b. 1890)
  • Lilian Velez, Filipino actress (murder) (b. 1924)
• June 30 – Prince Sabahaddin (b. 1879)

July

• July 1 – Assunta Marchetti, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed
• July 4
  • Albert Bates, American criminal (b. 1893)
  • Monteiro Lobato, Brazilian writer (b. 1882)
• July 5
  • Georges Bernanos, French writer (b. 1888)
  • Charles Fillmore, American Protestant mystic (b. 1854)
  • Carole Landis, American actress (b. 1919)
• July 9
  • James Baskett, African-American actor (Uncle Remus in Disney's Song of the South) (b. 1904)
  • Alcibiades Diamandi, Greek political figure (b. 1893)
• July 11
  • King Baggot, American actor (b. 1879)
  • Franz Weidenreich, German anatomist, physical anthropologist (b. 1873)
• July 14
  • Harry Brearley, British inventor of stainless steel (b. 1871)
  • Marguerite Moreno, French actress (b. 1871)
• July 15 – John J. Pershing, American general (b. 1860)
• July 17 – Ildebrando Zacchini, Maltese painter, inventor and traveller (b. 1868)
• July 18
  • May Moss, Australian women's rights activist (b. 1869)
  • Baldassarre Negroni, Italian director, screenwriter (b. 1877)
• July 21 – Arshile Gorky, Soviet-born painter (b. 1904)
• July 22 – Sud Mennucci, Brazilian journalist, educator (b. 1882)
• July 23 – D. W. Griffith, American film director (The Birth Of A Nation) (b. 1875)
• July 24 – Pencho Zlatev, Bulgarian general, 25th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1881)
• July 26 – Antonin Sertillanges, French Catholic philosopher, spiritual writer (b. 1863)
• July 27 – Joe Tinker, American baseball player (Chicago Cubs), MLB Hall of Fame member (b. 1880)
• July 28 – Susan Glaspell, American playwright (b. 1876)
• July 31 – Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd, mistress of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (b. 1891)

August

• August 3 – Tommy Ryan, American boxing champion (b. 1870)
• August 7 – Charles Bryant, American actor (b. 1879)
• August 10
  • Kan'ichi Asakawa, Japanese historian (b. 1873)
  • Andrew Brown, Scottish soccer coach (b. 1870)
• August 13 – Edwin Maxwell, Irish actor (b. 1886)
• August 16 – Babe Ruth, American baseball player (New York Yankees), MLB Hall of Fame member (b. 1895)
• August 17 – Mariette Rheiner Garner, Second Lady of the United States (b. 1869)
• August 18 – Mikhail Tarkhanov, Soviet actor (b. 1877)
• August 26 – George Anderson, American actor (b. 1886)
• August 27
  • Cissie Cahalan, Irish trade union, feminist and suffragette (b. 1876)
  • Charles Evans Hughes, 11th Chief Justice of the United States, 1916 Republican presidential candidate (b. 1862)

September

• September 1 – Muhammad VII al-Munsif, ruler of Tunisia (1942–43) (b. 1881)
• September 2 – Sylvanus G. Morley, American scholar, World War I spy (b. 1883)
• September 3 – Edvard Beneš, Czechoslovakian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia and 2-time President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1884)
• September 5 – Richard C. Tolman, American mathematical physicist (b. 1881)
• September 7 – André Suarès, French poet, critic (b. 1868)
• September 10 – Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (b. 1861)
• September 11 – Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder, first Governor General of Pakistan (b. 1876)
• September 12
  • Rupert D'Oyly Carte, British hotelier, theatre owner and impresario (b. 1876)
  • Carlo Servolini, Italian artist (b. 1876)
• September 13 – Paul Wegener, German actor, film director, and screenwriter; one of the pioneers of German Expressionism (b. 1874)
• September 17
  • Ruth Benedict, American anthropologist, folklorist (b. 1887)
  • Folke Bernadotte, Swedish diplomat (assassinated) (b. 1895)
  • Emil Ludwig, German-born Swiss historian, biographer (b. 1881)
  • Raffaele Rossi, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, eminence and servant of God (b. 1876)
• September 20 – Husain Salaahuddin, Famous Mahl writer (b. 1881)
• September 22 – Prince Adalbert of Prussia (b. 1884)
• September 24 – Warren William, American actor (b. 1894)
• September 26 – Gregg Toland, American cinematographer (b. 1904)
• September 27 – Frank Cellier, British actor (b. 1884)
• September 30
  • Vasily Kachalov, Soviet actor (b. 1875)
  • Edith Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States (b. 1861)

October

• October 1 – Phraya Manopakorn Nititada, 1st Prime Minister of Siam (b. 1884)
• October 2 – Mary Ryan, American actress (b. 1885)
• October 4 – Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, Pakistani politician (b. 1879)
• October 5 – Umberto Coromaldi, Italian painter (b. 1870)
• October 10 – Saif Ali Janjua, Pakistani commander (b. 1922)
• October 12
  • Susan Sutherland Isaacs, British educational psychologist, psychoanalyst (b. 1885)
  • Albert Power, Australian Roman Catholic and Jesuit priest and reverend (b. 1870)
• October 13 – Samuel S. Hinds, American actor (b. 1875)
• October 14 – Dale Fuller, American actress (b. 1885)
• October 15 – Edythe Chapman, American actress (b. 1863)
• October 16 – Maria Olga de Moraes Sarmento da Silveira, Portuguese feminist, writer (b. 1881)
• October 18 – Walther von Brauchitsch, German field marshal (b. 1881)
• October 19 – Mehmet Suphi Kula, Turkish general (b. 1881)
• October 21 – Elissa Landi, Italian actress (b. 1904)
• October 22
  • Guillaume de Jerphanion, French Jesuit, epigrapher, geographer, photographer, linguist and archaeologist (b. 1877)
  • Alexander Piorkowski, German SS officer (b. 1904)
• October 24
  • Franz Lehár, Hungarian composer (b. 1870)
  • Peter Murdoch, Australian politician (b. 1865)
• October 31 – Mary Nolan, American actress (b. 1905)

November

• November 4
  • Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield, British-born American businessman (b. 1874)
  • Filippo Perlo, Italian Roman Catholic prelate and missionary (b. 1873)
• November 7 – David Leland, American actor (b. 1932)
• November 8 – Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria (b. 1874)
• November 9 – Edgar Kennedy, American actor (b. 1890)
• November 10
  • Julius Curtius, German politician, diplomat (b. 1877)
  • Jack Nelson, American actor, director (b. 1882)
• November 11 – Fred Niblo, American film director (b. 1874)
• November 12 – Umberto Giordano, Italian composer (b. 1867)
• November 17 – Oerip Soemohardjo, Indonesian general (b. 1893)
• November 21 – Béla Miklós, Hungarian military officer, politician and 38th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1890)
• November 23 – Hack Wilson, American baseball player (Chicago Cubs), MLB Hall of Fame member (b. 1900)
• November 28 – D. D. Sheehan, Irish politician (b. 1873)
• November 29
  • Maria Koppenhöfer, German actress (b. 1901)
  • Roberto Omegna, Italian cinematographer, director (b. 1876)
• November 30 – Franco Vittadini, Italian composer (b. 1884)

December

• December 3
  • Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr, South African politician (b. 1894)
  • Luis Orrego Luco, Chilean politician, lawyer, novelist and diplomat (b. 1866)
  • Chano Pozo, Cuban percussionist (b. 1915)
• December 8 – Matthew Charlton, Australian politician (b. 1866)
• December 15 – João Tamagnini Barbosa, Portuguese military officer, politician and 69th Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1883)
• December 20 – C. Aubrey Smith, British actor (b. 1863)
• December 23 – Japanese war leaders (hanged):
  • Kenji Doihara, general (b. 1883)
  • Kōki Hirota, diplomat and politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1878)
  • Seishirō Itagaki, military officer (b. 1885)
  • Heitarō Kimura, general (b. 1888)
  • Iwane Matsui, general (b. 1878)
  • Akira Mutō, general (b. 1892)
  • Hideki Tojo, general, 40th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1884)
• December 26 – John Westley, American actor (b. 1878)
• December 28
  • Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari, Indian civil servant, politician (b. 1894)
  • Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha, Egyptian political figure, 27th Prime Minister of Egypt (assassinated) (b. 1888)
• December 31 – Sir Malcolm Campbell, English land, water racer (b. 1885)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett
• Chemistry – Arne Tiselius
• Medicine – Paul Hermann Müller
• Literature – T. S. Eliot
• Peace – not awarded

References

1. Cabinet Memorandum by the Secretary of State for the Colonies (UK). February 21, 1956. Federation of Malaya Agreement
2. Moore, Patrick (1995). The Guinness Book of Astronomy (5th ed.). Enfield, UK: Guinness Publishing. p. 110. ISBN 085112643X.
3. "History of NASCAR". NASCAR. August 17, 2010. Archived from the original on May 30, 2015. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
4. "Brampton's largest flood left its watery mark". The Brampton Guardian. March 10, 2008. Retrieved March 10, 2008.
5. Alpher, R. A.; Bethe, H.; Gamow, G. (April 1, 1948). "The Origin of Chemical Elements" (PDF). Physical Review. 73 (7). United States: 803–804. Bibcode:1948PhRv...73..803A. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.73.803. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 12, 2013. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
6. "A brutal murder begins an unusual investigation". HISTORY.com.
7. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 17, 2008. Retrieved September 19, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
8. Guinness Book of World Records. 2008. p. 137.
9. "Carlos Salinas de Gortari" (in Spanish). Busca Biografias. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
10. "Ms Patricia Hewitt (Hansard)". api.parliament.uk.

• 1948
• Leap years in the Gregorian calendar