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| From monody, with its emphasis on clear melodic lines, intelligible text and placid accompanying music, it was only a logical step to ]. In ] he composed his first one, ''Orfeo.'' It was common at that time for composers to create works on demand for special occasions, and this piece was meant to add some lustre to the annual carnaval of Mantua. Indeed it was a great success, fitting so well in the spirit of the times. ''Orfeo'' is marked by its dramatic power and lively orchestration. The plot is painted out in musical pictures and the melodies are linear and clear. With this opera Monteverdi had created an entirely new style of music, the ''dramma per musica'' (musical drama) as it was called. Monteverdi's operas are usually labelled 'pre-baroque' or 'early-baroque'. | From monody, with its emphasis on clear melodic lines, intelligible text and placid accompanying music, it was only a logical step to ]. In ] he composed his first one, ''Orfeo.'' It was common at that time for composers to create works on demand for special occasions, and this piece was meant to add some lustre to the annual carnaval of Mantua. Indeed it was a great success, fitting so well in the spirit of the times. ''Orfeo'' is marked by its dramatic power and lively orchestration. The plot is painted out in musical pictures and the melodies are linear and clear. With this opera Monteverdi had created an entirely new style of music, the ''dramma per musica'' (musical drama) as it was called. Monteverdi's operas are usually labelled 'pre-baroque' or 'early-baroque'. | ||
| It is arguable that Monteverdi's greatest work remains "Vespero della Beata Vergine 1610" (The Vespers of 1610). This is one of his few sacred works of any scale, but it remains to this day one of the greatest examples of devotional music, matched only by works such as Handel's ''Messiah'' and J.S. Bach's ''St. Matthew Passion.'' The scope of the work as a whole is breathtaking - each part (there are 25 in total) is fully developed in both a musical and dramatic sense - the instrumental textures are used to precise dramatic and emotional effect, in a way that had not been seen in before. | It is arguable that Monteverdi's greatest work remains "Vespero della Beata Vergine 1610" (The ] of the ] 1610). This is one of his few sacred works of any scale, but it remains to this day one of the greatest examples of devotional music, matched only by works such as Handel's ''Messiah'' and J.S. Bach's ''St. Matthew Passion.'' The scope of the work as a whole is breathtaking - each part (there are 25 in total) is fully developed in both a musical and dramatic sense - the instrumental textures are used to precise dramatic and emotional effect, in a way that had not been seen in before. | ||
| In ] Monteverdi was appointed as conductor at the San Marco in ], where he soon revived the poor withering choir. Here he also finished his 8th (last) book of madrigals. It contains the dramatic scene 'Tancredi e Clorinda' (]), in which the orchestra and voices form two separate entities. They act as counterparts. Most likely Monteverdi was inspired to try this form out because of the two opposite balconies in the San Marco. Previously these had been used for polyfonic music performances. What made this composition also stand out is the first-time use of the ']' (fast repetition of the same tone) and ']' (playing strings with fingers) techniques to express dramatic scenes. | In ] Monteverdi was appointed as conductor at the San Marco in ], where he soon revived the poor withering choir. Here he also finished his 8th (last) book of madrigals. It contains the dramatic scene 'Tancredi e Clorinda' (]), in which the orchestra and voices form two separate entities. They act as counterparts. Most likely Monteverdi was inspired to try this form out because of the two opposite balconies in the San Marco. Previously these had been used for polyfonic music performances. What made this composition also stand out is the first-time use of the ']' (fast repetition of the same tone) and ']' (playing strings with fingers) techniques to express dramatic scenes. | ||
Revision as of 17:21, 19 February 2003
Claudio Monteverdi was an Italian composer, violinist and singer, born in Cremona (N-Italy) on May 15, 1567 and died in Venice on November 11, 1643. His work marks the turnover from Renaissance to Baroque music. Monteverdi developed the new style of opera and was fortunate enough to enjoy fame during his lifetime.
In 1590 Monteverdi began working at the court in Mantua as a vocalist/violinist, and by 1602 he had become conductor. Until his 40th birthday he mainly worked on madrigals, and composed a total of 8 books. They clearly show the enormous development from the Renaissance polyphonic music to the monodic style which is typical for Baroque music.
From monody, with its emphasis on clear melodic lines, intelligible text and placid accompanying music, it was only a logical step to opera. In 1609 he composed his first one, Orfeo. It was common at that time for composers to create works on demand for special occasions, and this piece was meant to add some lustre to the annual carnaval of Mantua. Indeed it was a great success, fitting so well in the spirit of the times. Orfeo is marked by its dramatic power and lively orchestration. The plot is painted out in musical pictures and the melodies are linear and clear. With this opera Monteverdi had created an entirely new style of music, the dramma per musica (musical drama) as it was called. Monteverdi's operas are usually labelled 'pre-baroque' or 'early-baroque'.
It is arguable that Monteverdi's greatest work remains "Vespero della Beata Vergine 1610" (The Vespers of the Blessed Virgin 1610). This is one of his few sacred works of any scale, but it remains to this day one of the greatest examples of devotional music, matched only by works such as Handel's Messiah and J.S. Bach's St. Matthew Passion. The scope of the work as a whole is breathtaking - each part (there are 25 in total) is fully developed in both a musical and dramatic sense - the instrumental textures are used to precise dramatic and emotional effect, in a way that had not been seen in before.
In 1613 Monteverdi was appointed as conductor at the San Marco in Venice, where he soon revived the poor withering choir. Here he also finished his 8th (last) book of madrigals. It contains the dramatic scene 'Tancredi e Clorinda' (1624), in which the orchestra and voices form two separate entities. They act as counterparts. Most likely Monteverdi was inspired to try this form out because of the two opposite balconies in the San Marco. Previously these had been used for polyfonic music performances. What made this composition also stand out is the first-time use of the 'tremolo' (fast repetition of the same tone) and 'pizzicato' (playing strings with fingers) techniques to express dramatic scenes.
During the last years of his life Monteverdi became ill, but it did not keep him form composing his two last masterpieces: 'Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria' (1641), and the historic opera l'Incoronazione di Poppeia (1642). Especially l'Incoronazione is considered a culminating point of Monteverdi's work. It has tragic and also comical pictures (this was new), realistic coloring of the characters, and warmer melody. It needs a smaller orchestra, and a less prominent role for the choir. This work has also had considerable influence on the development of church music (masses).
In total he composed at least 18 operas, from which only Orfeo, the famous aria 'Lamento' from his second opera l'Arianne, l'Incoronazione and Il ritorno have survived.