Tibareni: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively ← Previous edit Next edit →Content deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 21:18, 4 February 2020 editGre regiment (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users16,204 editsmNo edit summary← Previous edit		Revision as of 21:20, 4 February 2020 edit undoGre regiment (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users16,204 editsmNo edit summaryNext edit →
Line 2:		Line 2:
	] by ], 1624]]		] by ], 1624]]

	The '''Tibareni''' (Georgian: '''ტიბერია''', Tiberia; Greek: '''Τιβαρηνοί'''<ref name="Stephanus"></ref> and '''Τιβαρανοί'''<ref name="Stephanus"/>; ''']''', '''Thobeles''' in ]) were a people residing on the coast of ] referred to in ], ], ] and other classical authors. They occupied the country between the ] and the ], on the east of the river ]. They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus,<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|3.94}}</ref> and were believed to be of ] origin.<ref name=Scholiast>Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 2.378, 1010</ref><ref name=Xeonophon>{{Cite AnabasisX\|5.5.2}}</ref><ref>'']''</ref><ref name=Stephanus>{{cite Stephanus\|''s.v.'' Τιβαρηνία}}</ref> ] describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions ] as their principal town.<ref>{{Cite Strabo\|xi. p.527}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Pliny\|6.4}}</ref> They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner.<ref name=Scholiast/><ref name=Stephanus/><ref>Anon. ''Peripl. P. E.'' p. 12; {{cite Mela\|1.19}}</ref> Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points.<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|7.78}}</ref> Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.<ref>{{Cite AnabasisX\|7.8.25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Diodorus\|14.30}}</ref><ref>Dionys. Per. 767; {{cite Mela\|1.2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Strabo\|ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555}}</ref>		The '''Tibareni''' (Georgian: '''ტიბერია''', Tiberia; Greek: '''Τιβαρηνοί'''<ref name="Stephanus Ethnica"></ref> and '''Τιβαρανοί'''<ref name="Stephanus Ethnica"/>; ''']''', '''Thobeles''' in ]) were a people residing on the coast of ] referred to in ], ], ] and other classical authors. They occupied the country between the ] and the ], on the east of the river ]. They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus,<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|3.94}}</ref> and were believed to be of ] origin.<ref name=Scholiast>Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 2.378, 1010</ref><ref name=Xeonophon>{{Cite AnabasisX\|5.5.2}}</ref><ref>'']''</ref><ref name=Stephanus>{{cite Stephanus\|''s.v.'' Τιβαρηνία}}</ref> ] describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions ] as their principal town.<ref>{{Cite Strabo\|xi. p.527}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Pliny\|6.4}}</ref> They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner.<ref name=Scholiast/><ref name=Stephanus/><ref>Anon. ''Peripl. P. E.'' p. 12; {{cite Mela\|1.19}}</ref> Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points.<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|7.78}}</ref> Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.<ref>{{Cite AnabasisX\|7.8.25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Diodorus\|14.30}}</ref><ref>Dionys. Per. 767; {{cite Mela\|1.2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Strabo\|ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555}}</ref>

	These three tribes{{which?\|date=September 2019}} still neighbored each other, along the ] coast of ] (ancient ]), as late as in ] times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the ] in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the ].{{fact\|date=September 2019}}		These three tribes{{which?\|date=September 2019}} still neighbored each other, along the ] coast of ] (ancient ]), as late as in ] times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the ] in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the ].{{fact\|date=September 2019}}

Revision as of 21:20, 4 February 2020

Tibareni, along with Macrones inhabiting Northeast Anatolia

The Tibareni (Georgian: ტიბერია, Tiberia; Greek: Τιβαρηνοί and Τιβαρανοί; Tubal, Thobeles in Josephus) were a people residing on the coast of ancient Pontus referred to in Herodotus, Xenophon, Strabo and other classical authors. They occupied the country between the Chalybes and the Mosynoeci, on the east of the river Isis. They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus, and were believed to be of Scythian origin. Strabo describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions Cotyura as their principal town. They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner. Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points. Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.

These three tribes still neighbored each other, along the Black Sea coast of Anatolia (ancient Pontus), as late as in Roman times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the XIX Satrapy.

They are often identified with Tabal, a Neo-Hittite kingdom of South Central Anatolia which formed during the early Iron Age.

They could have relations with pre-Sumerian mesopotamian city of Bad-Tibira, known as "Fortress of the Smiths" as Tibareni are one of the Kartvelian tribes which were early metalsmiths.

References

^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, § T622.6
Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 3.94.
^ Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 2.378, 1010
Xenophon. Anabasis. Vol. 5.5.2.
Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax
^ Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. Vol. s.v. Τιβαρηνία.
Strabo. Geographica. Vol. xi. p.527. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
Pliny. Naturalis Historia. Vol. 6.4.
Anon. Peripl. P. E. p. 12; Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis. Vol. 1.19.
Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 7.78.
Xenophon. Anabasis. Vol. 7.8.25.
Diodorus Siculus. Bibliotheca historica (Historical Library). Vol. 14.30.
Dionys. Per. 767; Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis. Vol. 1.2.
Strabo. Geographica. Vol. ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Tibareni". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

Revision as of 21:18, 4 February 2020 editGre regiment (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users16,204 editsmNo edit summary← Previous edit		Revision as of 21:20, 4 February 2020 edit undoGre regiment (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users16,204 editsmNo edit summaryNext edit →
Line 2:		Line 2:
	] by ], 1624]]		] by ], 1624]]

	The '''Tibareni''' (Georgian: '''ტიბერია''', Tiberia; Greek: '''Τιβαρηνοί'''<ref name="Stephanus"></ref> and '''Τιβαρανοί'''<ref name="Stephanus"/>; ''']''', '''Thobeles''' in ]) were a people residing on the coast of ] referred to in ], ], ] and other classical authors. They occupied the country between the ] and the ], on the east of the river ]. They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus,<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|3.94}}</ref> and were believed to be of ] origin.<ref name=Scholiast>Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 2.378, 1010</ref><ref name=Xeonophon>{{Cite AnabasisX\|5.5.2}}</ref><ref>'']''</ref><ref name=Stephanus>{{cite Stephanus\|''s.v.'' Τιβαρηνία}}</ref> ] describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions ] as their principal town.<ref>{{Cite Strabo\|xi. p.527}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Pliny\|6.4}}</ref> They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner.<ref name=Scholiast/><ref name=Stephanus/><ref>Anon. ''Peripl. P. E.'' p. 12; {{cite Mela\|1.19}}</ref> Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points.<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|7.78}}</ref> Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.<ref>{{Cite AnabasisX\|7.8.25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Diodorus\|14.30}}</ref><ref>Dionys. Per. 767; {{cite Mela\|1.2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Strabo\|ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555}}</ref>		The '''Tibareni''' (Georgian: '''ტიბერია''', Tiberia; Greek: '''Τιβαρηνοί'''<ref name="Stephanus Ethnica"></ref> and '''Τιβαρανοί'''<ref name="Stephanus Ethnica"/>; ''']''', '''Thobeles''' in ]) were a people residing on the coast of ] referred to in ], ], ] and other classical authors. They occupied the country between the ] and the ], on the east of the river ]. They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus,<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|3.94}}</ref> and were believed to be of ] origin.<ref name=Scholiast>Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 2.378, 1010</ref><ref name=Xeonophon>{{Cite AnabasisX\|5.5.2}}</ref><ref>'']''</ref><ref name=Stephanus>{{cite Stephanus\|''s.v.'' Τιβαρηνία}}</ref> ] describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions ] as their principal town.<ref>{{Cite Strabo\|xi. p.527}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Pliny\|6.4}}</ref> They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner.<ref name=Scholiast/><ref name=Stephanus/><ref>Anon. ''Peripl. P. E.'' p. 12; {{cite Mela\|1.19}}</ref> Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points.<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|7.78}}</ref> Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.<ref>{{Cite AnabasisX\|7.8.25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Diodorus\|14.30}}</ref><ref>Dionys. Per. 767; {{cite Mela\|1.2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Strabo\|ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555}}</ref>

	These three tribes{{which?\|date=September 2019}} still neighbored each other, along the ] coast of ] (ancient ]), as late as in ] times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the ] in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the ].{{fact\|date=September 2019}}		These three tribes{{which?\|date=September 2019}} still neighbored each other, along the ] coast of ] (ancient ]), as late as in ] times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the ] in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the ].{{fact\|date=September 2019}}

v t e Kartvelians
Ethnic subgroups	Svans Zans Mingrelians Laz people
Historical subgroups	Colchians Byzeres Drilae Machelones Macrones Marres Mossynoeci Phasians Sanni Tibareni Zydretae Iberians Gugars Saspeires Diauehi/Taochoi Misimians

Misplaced Pages