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| The genesis of the Misty Mountains lay in the '']'', with which Tolkien was familiar. In particular, the protagonist in the '']'' notes that his quest will involve misty mountains, ], and giants.<ref>Tom Shippey (2003), '']'', Houghton Mifflin, ch. 3 p. 70-71, {{ISBN|0-618-25760-8}}.</ref> The Misty Mountains were partly inspired by Tolkien's travels in the ] in 1911.<ref>Humphrey Carpenter (1981, editor), '']'', George Allen & Unwin, letter 306 p.391-392, {{ISBN|0-04-826005-3}}.</ref> | The genesis of the Misty Mountains lay in the '']'', with which Tolkien was familiar. In particular, the protagonist in the '']'' notes that his quest will involve misty mountains, ], and giants.<ref>Tom Shippey (2003), '']'', Houghton Mifflin, ch. 3 p. 70-71, {{ISBN|0-618-25760-8}}.</ref> The Misty Mountains were partly inspired by Tolkien's travels in the ] in 1911.<ref>Humphrey Carpenter (1981, editor), '']'', George Allen & Unwin, letter 306 p.391-392, {{ISBN|0-04-826005-3}}.</ref> | ||
| == |
==Cultural references== | ||
| The ] names all mountains on ]'s moon ] after mountains in Tolkien's work.<ref>International Astronomical Union. . ''Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature''. Accessed Nov 14, 2012.</ref> In 2012, they named a Titanian mountain range "]" after the Misty Mountains.<ref>International Astronomical Union. . ''Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature''. Accessed Nov 14, 2012.</ref> | The ] names all mountains on ]'s moon ] after mountains in Tolkien's work.<ref>International Astronomical Union. . ''Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature''. Accessed Nov 14, 2012.</ref> In 2012, they named a Titanian mountain range "]" after the Misty Mountains.<ref>International Astronomical Union. . ''Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature''. Accessed Nov 14, 2012.</ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:21, 19 March 2020
Mountain range in Middle-earth| Misty Mountains | |
|---|---|
| J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium location | |
| In-universe information | |
| Other name(s) | Hithaeglir, Towers of Mist |
| Type | Mountain range |
| Locations | Caradhras, Eyrie, Goblin-town, Mount Gundabad, Khazad-dûm (Moria), Zirakzigil |
| Location | Between Eriador and Wilderland |
| Founder | Melkor |
The Misty Mountains are a fictional mountain range in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy setting of Middle-earth. It was also called Hithaeglir ("mist-peak-line" in Sindarin), the Mountains of Mist, or the Towers of Mist. The range stretched continuously for some 900 miles (1440 kilometres) across the continent of Middle-earth.
The Misty Mountains first appeared in Tolkien's 1937 book, The Hobbit. They feature also in The Lord of the Rings.
Fictional geography
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The Misty Mountains stretched for some 900 miles: from Carn Dûm in the north to Dol Baran in the south, and were a formidable barrier between the large Middle-earth regions of Eriador to the West and Wilderland to the East. The northernmost section, the Mountains of Angmar, ran from Carn Dûm to Mount Gundabad. Mount Gundabad was where Durin awoke; it became an abode of Orcs. Mount Gram, another Orc nest, was not far away. Mount Gundabad was on the eastern side of the range, where it nearly joined the westernmost extremity of the Grey Mountains. The greatest Dwarf realm in Middle-earth, Khazad-dûm, lay at the midpoint of the Misty Mountains. The area's three massive peaks - the Mountains of Moria' - were Caradhras (Redhorn and its pass), Celebdil (Silvertine) and Fanuidhol (Cloudyhead) — in Khuzdûl (aka Dwarvish) respectively named Barazinbar, Zirakzigil and Bundushathûr. Under Celebdil was the main part of Khazad-dûm, with the Endless Stair from the foundations of the mountain to its summit. The southernmost peak of the Misty Mountains was Methedras (Endhorn); the last foothill was Dol Baran, looking across the Gap of Rohan to the White Mountains.
Passes
The Misty Mountains had few passes; the most important were the High Pass and the Redhorn Pass. The High Pass or Pass of Imladris lay near Rivendell. There were two routes in the High Pass; the lower pass was more prone to being blocked by Orcs; hence most travellers used the higher pass. The Redhorn Pass was near the subterranean realm of Moria, and was usually open year-round.
Rivers
Rivers originating in the Misty Mountains (north to south) included the Hoarwell, Bruinen, Sirannon, Glanduin, and Isen, flowing West; and flowing East into the great river, the Anduin (again north to south): Langwell, Rushdown, Gollum's stream, Gladden, Silverlode, Nimrodel, Limlight, and Entwash.
Fictional history
First Age
The Misty Mountains were raised by the Dark Lord Melkor in the First Age. He hoped to impede Oromë, one of the Valar who often rode across Middle-earth hunting. The Mountains were far taller in those days and had a more dreaded appearance.
Oromë established the High Pass to assist the Elves to cross the mountains on their Great Journey to the West. Even so, many Elves (the Nandor) gave up their migration on seeing the mountains, remaining in Wilderland. This was the Sundering of the Elves.
Dwarves established their subterranean realm of Khazad-dûm in the First Age, and began to use the High Pass, connececting to the Great East Road and their road through Mirkwood. The Dwarves abandoned Khazad-dûm after accidentally awakening the Balrog. The realm became known as Moria (the Black Pit); it was occupied by Orcs and other creatures.
Second Age
In the Second Age, the High Pass was used by the army of Gil-galad and Elendil when they marched east to Mordor in the War of the Last Alliance of Elves and Men. After this war Isildur was slain by Orcs watching the way back towards the pass.
Third Age
Hobbits migrated West across the Mountains in the Third Age, eventually establishing The Shire in Eriador.
The Witch-king established the realm of Angmar at Carn Dûm at the northern extreme of the mountains for several centuries. During this time the Orcs spread through the Misty Mountains, and the High Pass became dangerous. Only with the War of the Dwarves and Orcs did it become safe again for a while. By the time of The Hobbit the Orcs (goblins) had reoccupied the pass with their burrowings.
The Fellowship of the Ring tried to cross the Redhorn Pass (after rejecting the High Pass leading to Wilderland as being watched by the Enemy, and the Gap of Rohan as taking the Fellowship too close to Isengard), but a blizzard forced them to go through Moria instead. There they encountered the Balrog; both it and the Wizard Gandalf died in the ensuing combat.
Sources and inspirations
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The genesis of the Misty Mountains lay in the Poetic Edda, with which Tolkien was familiar. In particular, the protagonist in the Skírnismál notes that his quest will involve misty mountains, orcs, and giants. The Misty Mountains were partly inspired by Tolkien's travels in the Swiss Alps in 1911.
Cultural references
The International Astronomical Union names all mountains on Saturn's moon Titan after mountains in Tolkien's work. In 2012, they named a Titanian mountain range "Misty Montes" after the Misty Mountains.
The title of the 1971 Led Zeppelin song "Misty Mountain Hop" was based on Tolkien's mountain range.
Works cited
- Evans, Jonathan (2006). "Misty Mountains". In Drout, Michael D. C. (ed.). J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment. Routledge. pp. 431–432. ISBN 0-415-96942-5.
References
- Karen Wynn Fonstad, The Atlas of Middle-earth, HarperCollins, 1994 edition, Regional Maps, p. 79, ISBN 0 261 10277 X.
- J. R. R. Tolkien (1977), ed. Christopher Tolkien, The Silmarillion, George Allen & Unwin, Index p.335, ISBN 0 04 823139 8.
- J. R. R. Tolkien (1977), The Silmarillion, George Allen & Unwin, ch.3 p. 54; ISBN 0 04 823139 8.
- Karen Wynn Fonstad, The Atlas of Middle-earth, HarperCollins, 1994 edition, Regional Maps, p. 79, ISBN 0 261 10277 X. In the Appendix (p.191) a different length is listed: 702 miles. The higher-scale map of Middle-earth which accompanies Unfinished Tales yields a length of about 850 miles.
- Robert Foster (1978), The Complete Guide to Middle-earth, Unwin Paperbacks, p. 63, ISBN 0-04-803001-5.
- Tolkien, J. R. R. (1980). Christopher Tolkien (ed.). Unfinished Tales. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 281. ISBN 978-0-395-29917-3.
- Unfinished Tales, p. 271
- The Annotated Hobbit, p. 105, "their main gate used to open on a different pass..."
- J. R. R. Tolkien (1954), The Fellowship of the Ring, 2nd edition (1966), George Allen & Unwin, book 2 ch. III p. 302; ISBN 0 04 823045 6
- J. R. R. Tolkien (1954), The Fellowship of the Ring, George Allen & Unwin, 2nd edition (1966), ch. 2 p.63, ISBN 0 04 823045 6.
- J. R. R. Tolkien (1977), ed. Christopher Tolkien, The Silmarillion, George Allen & Unwin, ch. 3 p. 54, ISBN 0 04 823139 8.
- Tom Shippey (2003), The Road to Middle-earth, Houghton Mifflin, ch. 3 p. 70-71, ISBN 0-618-25760-8.
- Humphrey Carpenter (1981, editor), Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien, George Allen & Unwin, letter 306 p.391-392, ISBN 0-04-826005-3.
- International Astronomical Union. "Categories for Naming Features on Planets and Satellites". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Accessed Nov 14, 2012.
- International Astronomical Union. "Misty Montes". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Accessed Nov 14, 2012.
- Robert Plant himself, in Vox, May 1993, page 18, referred to "The self-indulgence, the silly over-the-top Tolkien-esque stuff... John made it everlasting.".
- Denis Collins (1993), 'Lord of the Lyrics', in Amon Hen (the bulletin of The Tolkien Society, U.K.), no. 122 p.24.
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