| Revision as of 05:40, 7 May 2020 editDoc James (talk | contribs)Administrators312,280 edits →Management← Previous edit | Revision as of 05:49, 7 May 2020 edit undoDoc James (talk | contribs)Administrators312,280 edits added refsNext edit → | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| | causes = Coughing, vomiting, direct injury<ref name=Stat2020/> | | causes = Coughing, vomiting, direct injury<ref name=Stat2020/> | ||
| | risks = ], ], older age<ref name=Stat2020/> | | risks = ], ], older age<ref name=Stat2020/> | ||
| | diagnosis = | | diagnosis = Based on the appearance<ref name=Stat2020/> | ||
| | differential = ], ], ], ]<ref name=Stat2020/> | | differential = ], ], ], ]<ref name=Stat2020/> | ||
| | prevention = | | prevention = | ||
| | treatment = | | treatment = No specific treatment<ref name=AFP2010/> | ||
| | medication = | | medication = ]<ref name=Stat2020/> | ||
| | prognosis = Good, 10% risk of reoccurance<ref name=Stat2020/> | | prognosis = Good, 10% risk of reoccurance<ref name=Stat2020/> | ||
| | frequency = | | frequency = Common<ref name=Gold2010/> | ||
| | deaths = | | deaths = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| <!-- Definition and symptoms --> | <!-- Definition and symptoms --> | ||
| '''Subconjunctival bleeding''', also known as '''subconjunctival hemorrhage''', is bleeding from a small blood vessel over the ].<ref name=AAO2019>{{cite web |title=What is a Subconjunctival Hemorrhage? |url=https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-subconjunctival-hemorrhage |website=American Academy of Ophthalmology |accessdate=17 October 2019 |language=en |date=3 July 2019}}</ref> It results in a red spot in the white of the eye.<ref name=AAO2019/> There is generally little to no pain.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Doshi |first1=R |last2=Noohani |first2=T |title=Subconjunctival Hemorrhage |date=January 2020 |pmid=31869130}}</ref><ref name= |
'''Subconjunctival bleeding''', also known as '''subconjunctival hemorrhage''', is bleeding from a small blood vessel over the ].<ref name=AAO2019>{{cite web |title=What is a Subconjunctival Hemorrhage? |url=https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-subconjunctival-hemorrhage |website=American Academy of Ophthalmology |accessdate=17 October 2019 |language=en |date=3 July 2019}}</ref> It results in a red spot in the white of the eye.<ref name=AAO2019/> There is generally little to no pain and vision is not affected.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Doshi |first1=R |last2=Noohani |first2=T |title=Subconjunctival Hemorrhage |date=January 2020 |pmid=31869130}}</ref><ref name=AFP2010>{{cite journal |last1=Cronau |first1=H |last2=Kankanala |first2=RR |last3=Mauger |first3=T |title=Diagnosis and management of red eye in primary care. |journal=American family physician |date=15 January 2010 |volume=81 |issue=2 |pages=137-44 |pmid=20082509}}</ref> | ||
| <!-- Cause and diagnosis --> | <!-- Cause and diagnosis --> | ||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
| <!-- Treatment, prognosis, and epidemiology --> | <!-- Treatment, prognosis, and epidemiology --> | ||
| Generally no specific treatment is required and the condition improves in two to three weeks.<ref name=Stat2020/> ] may be used to help with any irritation.<ref name=Stat2020/> Both sexes are affected equally.<ref name=Stat2020/> Spontaneous bleeding occurs more commonly over the age of 50 while the traumatic type occurs more often in young males.<ref name=Stat2020/> | Generally no specific treatment is required and the condition improves in two to three weeks.<ref name=Stat2020/> ] may be used to help with any irritation.<ref name=Stat2020/> They occur relatively commonly.<ref name=Gold2010>{{cite book |last1=Gold |first1=Daniel H. |last2=Lewis |first2=Richard Alan |title=Clinical Eye Atlas |date=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-534217-8 |page=82 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Clinical_Eye_Atlas/qDd_IiblCiUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Subconjunctival+hemorrhage+prevalence&pg=PA82 |language=en}}</ref> Both sexes are affected equally.<ref name=Stat2020/> Spontaneous bleeding occurs more commonly over the age of 50 while the traumatic type occurs more often in young males.<ref name=Stat2020/> | ||
| ==Signs and symptoms== | ==Signs and symptoms== | ||
Revision as of 05:49, 7 May 2020
Medical condition| Subconjunctival bleeding | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Subconjunctival hemorrhage, subconjunctival haemorrhage, hyposphagma |
 | |
| Subconjunctival hemorrhage resulting in red coloration of the white of the eye. | |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |
| Symptoms | Red spot over whites of the eye, little to no pain |
| Complications | None |
| Duration | Two to three weeks |
| Types | Traumatic, spontaneous |
| Causes | Coughing, vomiting, direct injury |
| Risk factors | High blood pressure, diabetes, older age |
| Diagnostic method | Based on the appearance |
| Differential diagnosis | Open globe, retrobulbar hematoma, conjunctivitis, pterygium |
| Treatment | No specific treatment |
| Medication | Artificial tears |
| Prognosis | Good, 10% risk of reoccurance |
| Frequency | Common |
Subconjunctival bleeding, also known as subconjunctival hemorrhage, is bleeding from a small blood vessel over the whites if the eye. It results in a red spot in the white of the eye. There is generally little to no pain and vision is not affected.
Causes can include coughing, vomiting, heavy lifting, and direct injury including that from wearing contact lenses. Risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, older age, blood thinners, and trauma including that from wearing contact lenses. They occur in about 2% of newborns following a vaginal delivery. The blood occurs between the conjunctiva and the episclera. Diagnosis is generally based on the appearance.
Generally no specific treatment is required and the condition improves in two to three weeks. Artificial tears may be used to help with any irritation. They occur relatively commonly. Both sexes are affected equally. Spontaneous bleeding occurs more commonly over the age of 50 while the traumatic type occurs more often in young males.
Signs and symptoms
A subconjunctival bleeding usually does not result in pain, although occasionally the affected eye may feel dry, rough, or scratchy.
A subconjunctival bleeding initially appears bright-red underneath the transparent conjunctiva. Later, the bleeding may spread and become green or yellow as the hemoglobin is metabolized. It usually disappears within 2 weeks.
-
After one week
-
Same as prior after four weeks
-
As viewed through a slit lamp
-
After 48 hours
.jpg)
.jpg)
Causes
- It may result from being choked
- Certain infections of the outside of the eye (conjunctivitis) where a virus or a bacteria weaken the walls of small blood vessels under the conjunctiva
- Mask squeeze from diving and not equalizing mask pressure during descent
- Eye trauma
- Coagulation disorder (congenital or acquired) including Ebola
- Head injury
- Whooping cough or other extreme sneezing or coughing
- Severe hypertension
- LASIK
- Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (caused by Enterovirus 70 or Coxsackie A virus)
- Leptospirosis
- Increased venous pressure (e.g., extreme g-force, straining, vomiting, choking, or coughing) or from straining due to constipation
- Zygoma fracture (results in lateral subconjunctival bleeding)
Subconjunctival bleeding in infants may be associated with scurvy (a vitamin C deficiency), abuse or traumatic asphyxia syndrome.
Eye surgery such as LASIK, and atmospheric pressure changes such as those from diving deeply in water and aircraft altitude changes.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is by visual inspection, by noting the typical finding of bright red discoloration confined to the white portion (sclera) of the eye.
Management
A subconjunctival bleeding is typically a self-limiting condition that requires no treatment unless there is evidence of an eye infection or there has been significant eye trauma. Artificial tears may be applied four to six times a day if the eye feels dry or scratchy. The elective use of aspirin is typically discouraged.
References
- ^ "What is a Subconjunctival Hemorrhage?". American Academy of Ophthalmology. 3 July 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ Doshi, R; Noohani, T (January 2020). "Subconjunctival Hemorrhage". PMID 31869130.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Cronau, H; Kankanala, RR; Mauger, T (15 January 2010). "Diagnosis and management of red eye in primary care". American family physician. 81 (2): 137–44. PMID 20082509.
- ^ Gold, Daniel H.; Lewis, Richard Alan (2010). Clinical Eye Atlas. Oxford University Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-19-534217-8.
- Robert H. Grahamn (February 2009). "Subconjunctival Hemorrhage". emedicine.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- ^ "Subconjunctival hemorrhage". PubMed Health on the National Institutes of Health website. May 1, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- ^ "Subconjunctival hemorrhage". Disease.com. n.d. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- "Möller-Barlow disease". whonamedit.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- Bruce M. Rothschild (December 17, 2008). "Scurvy". eMedicine.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- Spitzer S. G; Luorno J.; Noël L. P. "Isolated subconjunctival hemorrhages in nonaccidental trauma". doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2004.10.003. PMID 15729281.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Robert H. Grahamn (February 2009). "Subconjunctival Hemorrhage". emedicine.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
External links
| Classification | D |
|---|---|
| External resources |
| Ischaemia and infarction | |
|---|---|
| Ischemia |
|
| Infarction | |