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<!-- Definition and symptoms --> <!-- Definition and symptoms -->
'''Subconjunctival bleeding''', also known as '''subconjunctival hemorrhage''', is bleeding from a small ] over the ].<ref name=AAO2019>{{cite web |title=What is a Subconjunctival Hemorrhage? |url=https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-subconjunctival-hemorrhage |website=American Academy of Ophthalmology |accessdate=17 October 2019 |language=en |date=3 July 2019}}</ref> It results in a red spot in the white of the eye.<ref name=AAO2019/> There is generally little to no pain and vision is not affected.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Doshi |first1=R |last2=Noohani |first2=T |title=Subconjunctival Hemorrhage |date=January 2020 |pmid=31869130}}</ref><ref name=AFP2010>{{cite journal |last1=Cronau |first1=H |last2=Kankanala |first2=RR |last3=Mauger |first3=T |title=Diagnosis and management of red eye in primary care. |journal=American family physician |date=15 January 2010 |volume=81 |issue=2 |pages=137-44 |pmid=20082509}}</ref> Generally only one eye is affected.<ref name=Stat2020/> '''Subconjunctival bleeding''', also known as '''subconjunctival hemorrhage''', is bleeding from a small ] over the ].<ref name=AAO2019>{{cite web |title=What is a Subconjunctival Hemorrhage? |url=https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-subconjunctival-hemorrhage |website=American Academy of Ophthalmology |accessdate=17 October 2019 |language=en |date=3 July 2019}}</ref> It results in a red spot in the white of the eye.<ref name=AAO2019/> There is generally little to no pain and vision is not affected.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Doshi |first1=R |last2=Noohani |first2=T |title=Subconjunctival Hemorrhage |date=January 2020 |pmid=31869130}}</ref><ref name=AFP2010>{{cite journal |last1=Cronau |first1=H |last2=Kankanala |first2=RR |last3=Mauger |first3=T |title=Diagnosis and management of red eye in primary care. |journal=American Family Physician |date=15 January 2010 |volume=81 |issue=2 |pages=137–44 |pmid=20082509}}</ref> Generally only one eye is affected.<ref name=Stat2020/>


<!-- Cause and diagnosis --> <!-- Cause and diagnosis -->
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*Increased venous pressure (e.g., extreme ], straining, ], ], or ])<ref name=NIH /><ref name=Disease /> or from straining due to constipation *Increased venous pressure (e.g., extreme ], straining, ], ], or ])<ref name=NIH /><ref name=Disease /> or from straining due to constipation
*] (results in ] subconjunctival bleeding) *] (results in ] subconjunctival bleeding)
Subconjunctival bleeding in infants may be associated with ] (a vitamin C deficiency),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/1151.html |title=Möller-Barlow disease |publisher=whonamedit.com |accessdate=23 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic628.htm |author=Bruce M. Rothschild |title=Scurvy |date=December 17, 2008 |publisher=] |accessdate=23 November 2010}}</ref> ] or traumatic ] syndrome.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Isolated subconjunctival hemorrhages in nonaccidental trauma |author1=Spitzer S. G |author2=Luorno J. |author3=Noël L. P. |pmid = 15729281|doi=10.1016/j.jaapos.2004.10.003}}</ref> Subconjunctival bleeding in infants may be associated with ] (a vitamin C deficiency),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/1151.html |title=Möller-Barlow disease |publisher=whonamedit.com |accessdate=23 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic628.htm |author=Bruce M. Rothschild |title=Scurvy |date=December 17, 2008 |publisher=] |accessdate=23 November 2010}}</ref> ] or traumatic ] syndrome.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Isolated subconjunctival hemorrhages in nonaccidental trauma |author1=Spitzer S. G |author2=Luorno J. |author3=Noël L. P. |journal=Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus |year=2005 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=53–56 |pmid = 15729281|doi=10.1016/j.jaapos.2004.10.003}}</ref>


Eye surgery such as ], and atmospheric pressure changes such as those from diving deeply in water and aircraft altitude changes.<ref name=NIH>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002583/|work=PubMed Health on the ] website|title=Subconjunctival hemorrhage|date=May 1, 2011|accessdate=October 15, 2012}}</ref><ref name=Disease>{{cite web|url=http://disease.disease.com/Signs/Subconjunctival-Hemorrhage.html |work=Disease.com|title=Subconjunctival hemorrhage |date=n.d.|accessdate=October 15, 2012}}</ref> Eye surgery such as ], and atmospheric pressure changes such as those from diving deeply in water and aircraft altitude changes.<ref name=NIH>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002583/|work=PubMed Health on the ] website|title=Subconjunctival hemorrhage|date=May 1, 2011|accessdate=October 15, 2012}}</ref><ref name=Disease>{{cite web|url=http://disease.disease.com/Signs/Subconjunctival-Hemorrhage.html |work=Disease.com|title=Subconjunctival hemorrhage |date=n.d.|accessdate=October 15, 2012}}</ref>

Revision as of 00:08, 26 May 2020

Medical condition
Subconjunctival bleeding
Other namesSubconjunctival hemorrhage, subconjunctival haemorrhage, hyposphagma
Subconjunctival hemorrhage resulting in red coloration of the white of the eye.
SpecialtyOphthalmology
SymptomsRed spot over whites of the eye, little to no pain
ComplicationsNone
DurationTwo to three weeks
TypesTraumatic, spontaneous
CausesCoughing, vomiting, direct injury
Risk factorsHigh blood pressure, diabetes, older age
Diagnostic methodBased on the appearance
Differential diagnosisOpen globe, retrobulbar hematoma, conjunctivitis, pterygium
TreatmentNo specific treatment
MedicationArtificial tears
PrognosisGood, 10% risk of reoccurance
FrequencyCommon

Subconjunctival bleeding, also known as subconjunctival hemorrhage, is bleeding from a small blood vessel over the whites of the eye. It results in a red spot in the white of the eye. There is generally little to no pain and vision is not affected. Generally only one eye is affected.

Causes can include coughing, vomiting, heavy lifting, and direct injury including that from wearing contact lenses. Risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, older age, blood thinners, and trauma including that from wearing contact lenses. They occur in about 2% of newborns following a vaginal delivery. The blood occurs between the conjunctiva and the episclera. Diagnosis is generally based on the appearance.

Generally no specific treatment is required and the condition improves in two to three weeks. Artificial tears may be used to help with any irritation. They occur relatively commonly. Both sexes are affected equally. Spontaneous bleeding occurs more commonly over the age of 50 while the traumatic type occurs more often in young males.

Signs and symptoms

A subconjunctival bleeding usually does not result in pain, although occasionally the affected eye may feel dry, rough, or scratchy.

A subconjunctival bleeding initially appears bright-red underneath the transparent conjunctiva. Later, the bleeding may spread and become green or yellow as the hemoglobin is metabolized. It usually disappears within 2 weeks.

  • After one week After one week
  • Same as prior after four weeks Same as prior after four weeks
  • As viewed through a slit lamp As viewed through a slit lamp
  • After 48 hours After 48 hours

Causes

Subconjunctival bleeding in infants may be associated with scurvy (a vitamin C deficiency), abuse or traumatic asphyxia syndrome.

Eye surgery such as LASIK, and atmospheric pressure changes such as those from diving deeply in water and aircraft altitude changes.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is by visual inspection, by noting the typical finding of bright red discoloration confined to the white portion (sclera) of the eye.

Management

A subconjunctival bleeding is typically a self-limiting condition that requires no treatment unless there is evidence of an eye infection or there has been significant eye trauma. Artificial tears may be applied four to six times a day if the eye feels dry or scratchy. The elective use of aspirin is typically discouraged.

References

  1. ^ "What is a Subconjunctival Hemorrhage?". American Academy of Ophthalmology. 3 July 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  2. ^ Doshi, R; Noohani, T (January 2020). "Subconjunctival Hemorrhage". PMID 31869130. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ Cronau, H; Kankanala, RR; Mauger, T (15 January 2010). "Diagnosis and management of red eye in primary care". American Family Physician. 81 (2): 137–44. PMID 20082509.
  4. ^ Gold, Daniel H.; Lewis, Richard Alan (2010). Clinical Eye Atlas. Oxford University Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-19-534217-8.
  5. Robert H. Grahamn (February 2009). "Subconjunctival Hemorrhage". emedicine.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  6. ^ "Subconjunctival hemorrhage". PubMed Health on the National Institutes of Health website. May 1, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
  7. ^ "Subconjunctival hemorrhage". Disease.com. n.d. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
  8. "Möller-Barlow disease". whonamedit.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  9. Bruce M. Rothschild (December 17, 2008). "Scurvy". eMedicine.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  10. Spitzer S. G; Luorno J.; Noël L. P. (2005). "Isolated subconjunctival hemorrhages in nonaccidental trauma". Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 9 (1): 53–56. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2004.10.003. PMID 15729281.
  11. Robert H. Grahamn (February 2009). "Subconjunctival Hemorrhage". emedicine.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.

External links

ClassificationD
External resources
Adnexa
Eyelid
Inflammation
Eyelash
Lacrimal apparatus
Orbit
Conjunctiva
Globe
Fibrous tunic
Sclera
Cornea
Vascular tunic
Choroid
Lens
Retina
Other
Pathways
Optic nerve
Optic disc
Optic neuropathy
Strabismus
Extraocular muscles
Binocular vision
Accommodation
Paralytic strabismus
palsies
Other strabismus
Other binocular
Refraction
Vision disorders
Blindness
Anopsia
subjective
Pupil
Other
Infections
Ischaemia and infarction
Ischemia
Infarction
Categories: