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| '''Mohyal''' is an Indian ] with origins in the ]. The members of this clan originate from ] and they were often identified as 'Warrior Brahmins'<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Russell Stracey|first=T.P.|title=The history of the Muhiyals: The militant Brahman race of India|publisher=|year=1911|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Bali|first=P.N.|title=Mohyal History|publisher=|year=1995|isbn=|location=Delhi|pages=}}</ref>. The community comprises seven sub-clans named ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. All of these 'families' claim their lineage from seven different ] ]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chuyen, Gilles.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60543181|title=Who is a Brahmin? : the politics of identity in India|date=2004|publisher=Manohar|others=France. Ambassade (India). Centre for Human Sciences.|isbn=81-7304-603-4|location=New Delhi|oclc=60543181}}</ref>. The Mohyals are referred to as 'Bulldogs of the Border' by author P.N. Bali due to their Warrior-Brahmin ethos and their role in protecting Ancient India's western land boundaries<ref name=":1" />. Moreover, whilst primarily ] with being Hindu, most also adopted ] and are patrons of Sikhism<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Times of India|first=|date=1976|title=Mohyal Brahmins|work=The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 97, Times of India Press|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WKuvh2fgQzsC&q=seven+clans+of+mohyals&dq=seven+clans+of+mohyals&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y|url-status=live|access-date=}}</ref>. | |||
| '''Mohyal Brahmin''' is an Indian endogamous ethnic group with origins in the ]. The members of this clan originate from the broader ] group and comprise seven sub-clans named ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. These each claim their lineage from one of seven different ] ]s. | |||
| ⚫ | == Vedic origins and Early History == | ||
| The majority of them practice ], but many have embraced ]. Some Mohyals also have an association with ] and have acquired a few of its elements in their culture, these Mohyals are called ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2014/11/05/the-brahmins-who-fought-for-imam-hussain-at-karbala/|title=The Brahmins Who Fought For Imam Hussain At Karbala|last=Fazl|first=Abul|date=November 5, 2014|work=Kashmir Observer Online|access-date=8 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | The Mohyals are split into subgroups - ]s - with each family claiming their lineage can be traced to a specific ] figure<ref name=":2" />. | ||
| ⚫ | == Vedic origins == | ||
| ⚫ | The Mohyals are split into subgroups - ]s - with each family claiming their lineage can be traced to a specific ] figure. | ||
| {| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| ⚫ | == Contributions to |
||
| ⚫ | ===Spirituality and identity=== | ||
| In the year '326 BC: when ] came riding on the horse-back of ego, to conquer this fabled land ; it was a Mohyal satrap named ''']''' who halted his truth and made his dream sour' (page, vi)<ref name=":1" />. | |||
| ⚫ | Guru ], continuing in the tradition of ] Saints, revitalised (']') wisdom in order to make to accessible for the common people of Late ] India.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42854916|title=Bhakti religion in North India : community identity and political action|year=1995|publisher=State University of New York Press|others=Lorenzen, David N.|isbn=0-585-04526-7|location=Albany|oclc=42854916}}</ref> |
||
| == Medieval to Early Modern History == | |||
| ⚫ | === '''Contributions to Shia Islam''' === | ||
| '681 AD: the modern populist rhetoric of secularist pales into nothingness when one thinks of the valiant Datt named Rahab - an archetypal Brahmin - who sacrificed his seven sons, to redeem the honour of the grandson of no less a person than the Prophet of Islam, in the ]' (page, vi)<ref name=":1" />. The Moyhals like other ] ('Hindu') groups who lived ''']''' region, retained their cultural and spiritual identity whilst fighting alongside muslim warlords. The Mohyals who have associations to Shia Islam are called ]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Uzair Shaikh|first=Mohammed|date=2015|title=Hussaini Brahmins: The Hindus who fought for Imam Hussain in war of Karbala|work=India.com|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/hussaini-brahmins-the-hindus-who-fought-for-imam-hussain-in-war-of-karbala-655259/#:~:text=IFSC%20Code-,Hussaini%20Brahmins%3A%20The%20Hindus%20who%20fought%20for,Hussain%20in%20war%20of%20Karbala|url-status=live|access-date=}}</ref>. Although, many Hindu groups were converted to Islam during this period, the Mohyals were revered warriors and scholars, thus held their ground and distinct identity<ref name=":1" />. | |||
| ⚫ | ===Spirituality and identity === | ||
| ⚫ | Guru ], continuing in the tradition of ] Saints, revitalised (']') wisdom in order to make to accessible for the common people of Late ] India.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42854916|title=Bhakti religion in North India : community identity and political action|year=1995|publisher=State University of New York Press|others=Lorenzen, David N.|isbn=0-585-04526-7|location=Albany|oclc=42854916}}</ref> As apart of this transformation, many Punjabi Hindus, including the Mohyals, revered and followed ]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Oberoi, Harjot.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30157084|title=The Construction of religious boundaries : culture, identity, and diversity in the Sikh tradition|date=1994|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-61592-8|location=Chicago, IL|oclc=30157084}}</ref>.This devotion towards Nanak's ''mat'' (teachings/wisdom) led them to follow Nanak's successors and then assist in the creation of the Sikh ethos. Moreover, as the latter Gurus became martial, this community was a natural home for the warrior-class of Punjabi Hindus.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19125681|title=Who is a Sikh? : the problem of Sikh identity|last=McLeod, W. H.|date=1989|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=0-19-826548-4|location=Oxford|oclc=19125681}}</ref> A distinct Sikh ] was not created until the 19th century, thus, referring to the period of the Gurus as ''Sikhism'' is problematic.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30157084|title=The Construction of religious boundaries : culture, identity, and diversity in the Sikh tradition|last=Oberoi, Harjot.|date=1994|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-61592-8|location=Chicago, IL|oclc=30157084}}</ref>{{pn|date=July 2020}} | ||
| ===Guru period=== | ===Guru period=== | ||
| Other notable Mohyals include the brothers ] and ], who both died alongside the ninth Guru, ], for protecting Indic civilisation against ].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/297207913|title=The history of Sikh gurus|last=Prithi Pal Singh, 1928-|date=2006|publisher=Lotus Press|isbn=81-8382-075-1|location=New Delhi|oclc=297207913}}</ref> |
Other notable Mohyals include the brothers ] and ], who both died alongside the ninth Guru, ], for protecting Indic civilisation against ].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/297207913|title=The history of Sikh gurus|last=Prithi Pal Singh, 1928-|date=2006|publisher=Lotus Press|isbn=81-8382-075-1|location=New Delhi|oclc=297207913}}</ref> As the family of the latter Gurus and this Chhibber family were close, Bhai Chaupa Singh Chhiber became a care-taker of ], the tenth guru<ref>The Making of the Sikh Rehatnamas (2008) - Dr S S Kapoor and Mrs Mohinder Kaur Kapoor </ref>. | ||
| === '''Post Gurus Period''' === | |||
| Even after the death of the Gurus, the Mohyals were heavily imbedded into their legacy<ref>{{Cite book|last=Raizada Hari|first=Chand Vaid|title='Gulshan-e-Mohyali'|publisher=1920|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>. They held high-ranking positions such as ] during the time of the latter Gurus to during the reign of ] and the ]<ref name=":0" />. Mohyals were instrumental in keeping the wisdom of the Gurus alive and historians such as Bhai Kesar Singh Chhibber wrote one of the seminal works of early Sikh history - Bansavalinama (published in 1769)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dutt|first=Chuni Lal|title=Mohyal History|publisher=|year=1940|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lorenzen|first=David N.|title=Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action|publisher=|year=1995|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>. Other Mohyal families besides Chhibbers played significant role too, for example, Sardar ] "Mirpuri"<nowiki>'''</nowiki> belonged to the Bali family and was 2nd in Command of the ]<ref name=":0" />. Mohyal Hindus were high-ranking officers in various Sikh Armies, this led to these 'brave warriors' joining ']' under the ]<nowiki/>j<ref name=":0" />. | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 21:27, 11 July 2020
Mohyal is an Indian Jati with origins in the Punjab region. The members of this clan originate from Saraswat Brahmins and they were often identified as 'Warrior Brahmins'. The community comprises seven sub-clans named Bali, Bhimwal, Chhibber, Dutt, Lau, Mohan and Vaid. All of these 'families' claim their lineage from seven different Brahmin rishis. The Mohyals are referred to as 'Bulldogs of the Border' by author P.N. Bali due to their Warrior-Brahmin ethos and their role in protecting Ancient India's western land boundaries. Moreover, whilst primarily identifying with being Hindu, most also adopted Sikhi and are patrons of Sikhism.
Vedic origins and Early History
The Mohyals are split into subgroups - jatis - with each family claiming their lineage can be traced to a specific Vedic figure.
| House (family) Name | Vedic origin figure |
|---|---|
| Bali | Parashar |
| Bhimwal | Kaushal |
| Chhibber/Chibber | Bhrigu |
| Datt/Dutt/Dutta | Bharadwaja |
| Lau | Vasishtha |
| Mohan | Kashyap |
| Vaid | Dhanvantri |
In the year '326 BC: when Alexander the Great came riding on the horse-back of ego, to conquer this fabled land ; it was a Mohyal satrap named Porus who halted his truth and made his dream sour' (page, vi).
Medieval to Early Modern History
Contributions to Shia Islam
'681 AD: the modern populist rhetoric of secularist pales into nothingness when one thinks of the valiant Datt named Rahab - an archetypal Brahmin - who sacrificed his seven sons, to redeem the honour of the grandson of no less a person than the Prophet of Islam, in the battle of Karbala' (page, vi). The Moyhals like other Sanatan ('Hindu') groups who lived Mesopotamian region, retained their cultural and spiritual identity whilst fighting alongside muslim warlords. The Mohyals who have associations to Shia Islam are called Hussaini Brahmins. Although, many Hindu groups were converted to Islam during this period, the Mohyals were revered warriors and scholars, thus held their ground and distinct identity.
Spirituality and identity
Guru Nanak, continuing in the tradition of Bhakti Saints, revitalised ('Hindu') wisdom in order to make to accessible for the common people of Late Medieval India. As apart of this transformation, many Punjabi Hindus, including the Mohyals, revered and followed Guru Nanak.This devotion towards Nanak's mat (teachings/wisdom) led them to follow Nanak's successors and then assist in the creation of the Sikh ethos. Moreover, as the latter Gurus became martial, this community was a natural home for the warrior-class of Punjabi Hindus. A distinct Sikh religious identity was not created until the 19th century, thus, referring to the period of the Gurus as Sikhism is problematic.
Guru period
Other notable Mohyals include the brothers Bhai Mati Das and Bhai Sati Das, who both died alongside the ninth Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur, for protecting Indic civilisation against Islamism. As the family of the latter Gurus and this Chhibber family were close, Bhai Chaupa Singh Chhiber became a care-taker of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth guru.
Post Gurus Period
Even after the death of the Gurus, the Mohyals were heavily imbedded into their legacy. They held high-ranking positions such as Dewans during the time of the latter Gurus to during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh Sukerchakia and the Punjab Empire. Mohyals were instrumental in keeping the wisdom of the Gurus alive and historians such as Bhai Kesar Singh Chhibber wrote one of the seminal works of early Sikh history - Bansavalinama (published in 1769). Other Mohyal families besides Chhibbers played significant role too, for example, Sardar Raja Mahan Singh "Mirpuri"''' belonged to the Bali family and was 2nd in Command of the Khalsa Army. Mohyal Hindus were high-ranking officers in various Sikh Armies, this led to these 'brave warriors' joining 'Sikh Regiments' under the British Raj.
References
- ^ Russell Stracey, T.P. (1911). The history of the Muhiyals: The militant Brahman race of India.
- ^ Bali, P.N. (1995). Mohyal History. Delhi.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Chuyen, Gilles. (2004). Who is a Brahmin? : the politics of identity in India. France. Ambassade (India). Centre for Human Sciences. New Delhi: Manohar. ISBN 81-7304-603-4. OCLC 60543181.
- ^ Times of India (1976). "Mohyal Brahmins". The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 97, Times of India Press.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - Uzair Shaikh, Mohammed (2015). "Hussaini Brahmins: The Hindus who fought for Imam Hussain in war of Karbala". India.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - Bhakti religion in North India : community identity and political action. Lorenzen, David N. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1995. ISBN 0-585-04526-7. OCLC 42854916.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - Oberoi, Harjot. (1994). The Construction of religious boundaries : culture, identity, and diversity in the Sikh tradition. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-61592-8. OCLC 30157084.
- McLeod, W. H. (1989). Who is a Sikh? : the problem of Sikh identity. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-826548-4. OCLC 19125681.
- Oberoi, Harjot. (1994). The Construction of religious boundaries : culture, identity, and diversity in the Sikh tradition. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-61592-8. OCLC 30157084.
- Prithi Pal Singh, 1928- (2006). The history of Sikh gurus. New Delhi: Lotus Press. ISBN 81-8382-075-1. OCLC 297207913.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - The Making of the Sikh Rehatnamas (2008) - Dr S S Kapoor and Mrs Mohinder Kaur Kapoor
- Raizada Hari, Chand Vaid. 'Gulshan-e-Mohyali'. 1920.
- Dutt, Chuni Lal (1940). Mohyal History.
- Lorenzen, David N. (1995). Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action.
External links
- Official Website of General Mohyal Sabha
- Hindu followers of Muslim imam , The Milli Gazette, Vol.5 No.10, (16–31 May 04)
| The seven Mohyal clans | |
|---|---|