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| {{short description|Ancient kingdom centered in Harar, Ethiopia}} | {{short description|Ancient kingdom centered in Harar, Ethiopia}} | ||
| The '''Sultanate of Harar''' was a kingdom centered in ], ]. It succeeded the ]. In this period the Harar Sultanate led by Amīr Nūr continued to carry on the struggle of the Adal leader Imām Aḥmed Gurēy against the ]. Due to the encroaching Oromo people invading from the south and Somali threats in north east blocking Harar's coastal influence,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yasin |first1=Yasin |title=Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti |date=2010 |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG |page=72 |url=https://d-nb.info/1020383542/34}}</ref> the Sultanate of Harar was ultimately a short lived state, lasting only 18 years (though if you start from the reign of Imām Aḥmed Gurēy, a more respectable 51 years). The capital was moved east to the oasis of ] by Imām Maḥamed "Jāsa" Ibrahim who founded the ]. | The '''Sultanate of Harar''' was a kingdom centered in ], ]. It succeeded the ]. In this period the Harar Sultanate led by Amīr Nūr continued to carry on the struggle of the Adal leader Imām Aḥmed Gurēy against the ]. Due to the encroaching ] invading from the south and Somali threats in north east blocking Harar's coastal influence,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yasin |first1=Yasin |title=Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti |date=2010 |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG |page=72 |url=https://d-nb.info/1020383542/34}}</ref> the Sultanate of Harar was ultimately a short lived state, lasting only 18 years (though if you start from the reign of Imām Aḥmed Gurēy, a more respectable 51 years). The capital was moved east to the oasis of ] by Imām Maḥamed "Jāsa" Ibrahim who founded the ]. | ||
| ==Rulers of the Sultanate of Harar== | ==Rulers of the Sultanate of Harar== | ||
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| ! Established:1550 | |||
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| Disestablished: early 1600s | |||
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| |-founder ] | |||
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| | style=white-space:nowrap| ] | | style=white-space:nowrap| ] | ||
Revision as of 00:51, 22 July 2020
Ancient kingdom centered in Harar, EthiopiaThe Sultanate of Harar was a kingdom centered in Harar, Ethiopia. It succeeded the Adal Sultanate. In this period the Harar Sultanate led by Amīr Nūr continued to carry on the struggle of the Adal leader Imām Aḥmed Gurēy against the Abyssinian Empire. Due to the encroaching Borana Oromo people invading from the south and Somali threats in north east blocking Harar's coastal influence, the Sultanate of Harar was ultimately a short lived state, lasting only 18 years (though if you start from the reign of Imām Aḥmed Gurēy, a more respectable 51 years). The capital was moved east to the oasis of Aussa by Imām Maḥamed "Jāsa" Ibrahim who founded the Imamate of Awsa.
Rulers of the Sultanate of Harar
| Established:1550
Disestablished: early 1600s | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imām Aḥmed "Gurēy" Ibrahīm | 1526 - 1543 | Also known as Ahmed Gurey or Ahmed Gran. The conqueror, cousin of Garād Abūn ʿAdādshe of Hubat. He ruled Adal in all but name and launched a conquest of the Ethiopian highlands. While not technically a Sultan of Harar, no list is complete without him. | |
| Bāti Dēlōmbira Mahfuz | 1543 - 1559 | Occasionally rendered as Del-Wambara, she was the daughter of Emir of Harar Mahfuz and Imām Aḥmed Gurēy's widow. She was the de facto ruler following his death, and married Amīr Nūr. | |
| 1 | Amīr Nūr "Dhuhi-Suha" ʿAli | 1559 - 1567 | The Amir of Harar. He built the walls that surround Harar and convinced the people of Harar to abandon their clan and tribal identities and become one people, the Harari nation. |
| 2 | Amīr ʿIsmān "AlḤabashi" | 1567 - 1569 | A former Abyssinian slave of Amīr Nūr, he was murdered shortly after becoming Sultan, sparking a struggle between his sons and the descendants of Garād Abūn ʿAdādshe over who would rule Harar. |
| 3 | Sulṭān Ṭalḥa ʿAbbās | 1569 - 1571 | Son of Wazir ʿAbbās Abūn and grandson of Garād Abūn ʿAdādshe |
| 4 | Sulṭān Nāssir ʿIsmān | 1571 - 1572 | Son of Amīr ʿIsmān AlḤabashi |
| 5 | Sulṭān Maḥamed Nāssir | 1572 - 1573 | Son of Sulṭān Nāssir ʿIsmān. He was executed by Emperor Sarsa Dengel following his failed invasion of Ethiopia. The Harari military was decimated by Ethiopian forces ending Harar's aggression towards Ethiopia permanently. The Oromo simultaneously attacked several villages in Hararghe while the main Harar army was away leading to further weakening of the emirate. |
| 6 | Amir Mansūr Maḥamed | 1573 - 1577 | Son of Sulṭān Maḥamed Nāssir. Emir of Harar. He successfully defeated Oromo, Somali and Afar tribes, this led to reclaiming territory including Zeila and Aussa for the Emirate. |
See also
References
- Yasin, Yasin (2010). Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti. UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG. p. 72.
- Pankhurst, Richard. The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century. p. 375.
- History of Harar (PDF). p. 106.
- Pankhurst, Richard. The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century. p. 375.
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