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The '''history of the ] in ]''' dates back to the arrival of Europeans to the country.<ref name=autogenerated1/> Over time, Chile has received several contingents of Jewish immigrants. Currently, the Jewish community in Chile comes mainly from the migrations occurred in the ] and ], mostly of ] background.
The '''history of the ] in ]''' dates back to the arrival of Europeans to the country.<ref name=autogenerated1/> Over time, Chile has received several contingents of Jewish immigrants. Currently, the Jewish community in Chile comes mainly from the migrations occurred in the ] and ], mostly of ] background.
Chile is home to the third-largest Jewish community in ]. Chile has an estimated 18,300 Jews, according to the American Jewish Yearbook 2019 <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1164581561|title=American Jewish year book 2019 : the annual record of the North American Jewish communities since 1899|date=2020|publisher=Springer|others=Dashefsky, Arnold., Sheskin, Ira M., 1950-|year=|isbn=978-3-030-40371-3|location=Cham|pages=330|oclc=1164581561}}</ref><ref name="Israelíes, 150.000"/><ref name="Israelíes, 175.000"/>, representing 0.1% of the total Chilean population. The total amount of Chileans with Jewish ancestry, however, is roughly 30,000 (defined as people having at least one Jewish parent or grandparent) <ref name=":0" />.
Chile is home to the third-largest Jewish community in ]. Chile has an estimated 18,300 Jews, according to the American Jewish Yearbook 2019 <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1164581561|title=American Jewish year book 2019 : the annual record of the North American Jewish communities since 1899|date=2020|publisher=Springer|others=Dashefsky, Arnold., Sheskin, Ira M., 1950-|year=|isbn=978-3-030-40371-3|location=Cham|pages=330|oclc=1164581561}}</ref><ref name="Israelíes, 150.000"/><ref name="Israelíes, 175.000"/>, representing 0.1% of the total Chilean population. The total amount of Chileans with Jewish ancestry, however, is roughly 30,000 (defined as people having at least one Jewish parent or grandparent, and any spouse of such person) <ref name=":0" />.
== Migration history ==
== Migration history ==
Revision as of 11:35, 10 September 2020
The location of Chile in South America. (Chile is highlighted in dark green. Chilean Antarctic Territory - claim, in light green)
Ethnic group
The history of the Jews in Chile dates back to the arrival of Europeans to the country. Over time, Chile has received several contingents of Jewish immigrants. Currently, the Jewish community in Chile comes mainly from the migrations occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries, mostly of Ashkenazi background.
Chile is home to the third-largest Jewish community in South America. Chile has an estimated 18,300 Jews, according to the American Jewish Yearbook 2019 , representing 0.1% of the total Chilean population. The total amount of Chileans with Jewish ancestry, however, is roughly 30,000 (defined as people having at least one Jewish parent or grandparent, and any spouse of such person) .
Migration history
Spanish colonization and settlement
The first Jews arrived in Chile with the Spanish conquistadors. These were Jewish converts to Catholicism because, at the time of the Inquisition, they had to hide their Jewish origin. Most of this immigration occurred in the early years of the conquest, fleeing religious persecution in Spain, since in the Americas is not yet the court of the Inquisition installed. Diego García de Cáceres, faithful friend and executor of the founder of Santiago, Pedro de Valdivia, was one of them.
In colonial times, the most prominent Jewish character in Chile was the surgeon Francisco Maldonado da Silva, one of the first directors of the San Juan de Dios Hospital . Maldonado da Silva was an Argentine Jew born in San Miguel de Tucumán into a Sephardic family from Portugal. He was accused to the Tribunal of the Inquisition by her sisters, devout Christians, from attempting to convert them to Judaism. Maldonado declared openly Jew, and was sentenced to be burned alive in 1639. During this period, entire crypto-people families, those who "converted" to Catholicism but privately remained Jews, arrived. As is the case in the rest of Latin America, these original Jewish settlers did retain their identity over the generations, having assimilated into the broader majority-Catholic society of Chile . As such, the Jewish community of Chile today only really begins with the Jewish immigrations of the 19th century.
Jewish immigration in the 19th century
From 1840, decades after the abolition of the Inquisition in Chile, began the Jewish immigration to the country. The first Jews who arrived in Valparaíso were from Europe, especially from Germany and France. One of them, Manuel de Lima y Sola, was a man who became one of the founding members of the Fire Department of Valparaíso in 1851 and one of the founders of the Chilean freemasonry to create the first Masonic lodge, the "Unión Fraternal" two years later.
Jewish emigration in the 20th century
In the turbulent Pinochet era in the 1970s and 80s, many Jews left Chile. While in 1961, the Jewish population was about 30,000, by 1997 the population had dwindled to 15,000.
The 2012 Chilean census showed 16,294 Jews living in the country, marking an 8.8% increase from the decade before.
Community institutions
Orthodox Judaism reaches approximately ten percent of Chile's Jewish community.
The Chabad movement was first established in Chile in 1981 and has since constructed synagogues, schools and recreational centers.
^ "Los judíos residentes en Chile". Agencia EFE. 23 December 2010. Archived from the original on 26 February 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2019. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 30 March 2014 suggested (help)
Caro, Isaac. "Orthodoxies, dissidence and new identities in Argentine and Chilean Judaism." Cuadernos Judaicos 25 (2008).
Waldman, Gilda. "The literary construction of Jewish identity in Chile: a cartography of recent memories." In Identities in an Era of Globalization and Multiculturalism, pp. 231-252. Brill, 2008.
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Jews and Judaism in Chile 
