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The '''history of the ] in ]''' dates back to the arrival of Europeans to the country.<ref name=autogenerated1/> Over time, Chile has received several contingents of Jewish immigrants. Currently, the Jewish community in Chile comes mainly from the migrations occurred in the ] and ], mostly of ] background. |
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The '''history of the ] in ]''' dates back to the arrival of Europeans to the country.<ref name=autogenerated1/> Over time, Chile has received several contingents of Jewish immigrants. Currently, the Jewish community in Chile comes mainly from the migrations occurred in the ] and ], mostly of ] background. |
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Chile is home to the third-largest Jewish community in ]. Chile has an estimated 18,300 Jews, according to the American Jewish Yearbook 2019 <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1164581561|title=American Jewish year book 2019 : the annual record of the North American Jewish communities since 1899|date=2020|publisher=Springer|others=Dashefsky, Arnold., Sheskin, Ira M., 1950-|year=|isbn=978-3-030-40371-3|location=Cham|pages=330|oclc=1164581561}}</ref><ref name="Israelíes, 150.000"/><ref name="Israelíes, 175.000"/>, representing 0.1% of the total Chilean population. The total amount of Chileans with Jewish ancestry, however, is roughly 30,000 (defined as people having at least one Jewish parent or grandparent, and any spouse of such person) <ref name=":0" />. |
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Chile is home to the third-largest Jewish community in ]. Chile has an estimated 18,300 Jews, according to the American Jewish Yearbook 2019 <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=American Jewish year book 2019 : the annual record of the North American Jewish communities since 1899|date=2020|publisher=Springer|others=Dashefsky, Arnold., Sheskin, Ira M., 1950-|isbn=978-3-030-40371-3|location=Cham|pages=330|oclc=1164581561}}</ref><ref name="Israelíes, 150.000"/><ref name="Israelíes, 175.000"/>, representing 0.1% of the total Chilean population. The total amount of Chileans with Jewish ancestry, however, is roughly 30,000 (defined as people having at least one Jewish parent or grandparent, and any spouse of such person) <ref name=":0" />. |
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== Migration history == |
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== Migration history == |
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The first Jews arrived in Chile with the ]. These were Jewish converts to ] because, at the time of the Inquisition, they had to hide their Jewish origin. Most of this immigration occurred in the early years of the conquest, fleeing religious persecution in Spain, since in the Americas is not yet the court of the Inquisition installed.<ref name=autogenerated1></ref> Diego García de Cáceres, faithful friend and executor of the founder of Santiago, ], was one of them. |
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The first Jews arrived in Chile with the ]. These were Jewish converts to ] because, at the time of the Inquisition, they had to hide their Jewish origin. Most of this immigration occurred in the early years of the conquest, fleeing religious persecution in Spain, since in the Americas is not yet the court of the Inquisition installed.<ref name=autogenerated1></ref> Diego García de Cáceres, faithful friend and executor of the founder of Santiago, ], was one of them. |
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In colonial times, the most prominent Jewish character in Chile was the surgeon ], one of the first directors of the San Juan de Dios Hospital {{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}. Maldonado da Silva was an ] born in ] into a ] family from ]. He was accused to the Tribunal of the Inquisition by her sisters, devout ], from attempting to convert them to ]. Maldonado declared openly Jew, and was sentenced to be burned alive in 1639. During this period, entire crypto-people families, those who "converted" to Catholicism but privately remained Jews, arrived. As is the case in the rest of Latin America, these original Jewish settlers did retain their identity over the generations, having assimilated into the broader majority-Catholic society of Chile <ref>{{Cite book|last=Elkin, Judith Laikin, 1928-|first=|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/858914473|title=The Jews of Latin America|publisher=Lynne Rienner|year=2014|isbn=978-1-58826-896-9|edition=3rd edition|location=Boulder, Colorado|pages=1-25|oclc=858914473}}</ref>. As such, the Jewish community of Chile today only really begins with the Jewish immigrations of the 19th century. |
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In colonial times, the most prominent Jewish character in Chile was the surgeon ], one of the first directors of the San Juan de Dios Hospital {{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}. Maldonado da Silva was an ] born in ] into a ] family from ]. He was accused to the Tribunal of the Inquisition by her sisters, devout ], from attempting to convert them to ]. Maldonado declared openly Jew, and was sentenced to be burned alive in 1639. During this period, entire crypto-people families, those who "converted" to Catholicism but privately remained Jews, arrived. As is the case in the rest of Latin America, these original Jewish settlers did retain their identity over the generations, having assimilated into the broader majority-Catholic society of Chile <ref>{{Cite book|last=Elkin, Judith Laikin, 1928-|title=The Jews of Latin America|publisher=Lynne Rienner|year=2014|isbn=978-1-58826-896-9|edition=3rd|location=Boulder, Colorado|pages=1–25|oclc=858914473}}</ref>. As such, the Jewish community of Chile today only really begins with the Jewish immigrations of the 19th century. |
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=== Jewish immigration in the 19th century === |
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=== Jewish immigration in the 19th century === |
From 1840, decades after the abolition of the Inquisition in Chile, began the Jewish immigration to the country. The first Jews who arrived in Valparaíso were from Europe, especially from Germany and France. One of them, Manuel de Lima y Sola, was a man who became one of the founding members of the Fire Department of Valparaíso in 1851 and one of the founders of the Chilean freemasonry to create the first Masonic lodge, the "Unión Fraternal" two years later.
The 2012 Chilean census showed 16,294 Jews living in the country, marking an 8.8% increase from the decade before.
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Jews and Judaism in Chile 
