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Joseph Brody (Yiddish: יוסף בּרױדי Yusf Broydi) (1877-1937) was an American Jewish composer who wrote prolifically for the Yiddish theatre as well as liturgical Jewish works. He taught George Gershwin and was a friend of Yossele Rosenblatt. His daughter Estelle Brody was a film actor.

Biography

Early life

Brody was probably born on March 12, 1877 in Lyakhavichy, Minsk Governorate, in the Russian Empire, although the Lexicon of Yiddish Theatre gives the date as February 12, and in own his naturalization application he stated his birthday was January 22, 1876. His father, Harris Brody, was a tailor and sent Joseph to a Cheder for his early education. His father emigrated to the United States in 1887, at which point Joseph entered a Yeshiva in Slonim, where he stayed for six years. During that time he developed an aptitude for music, and was greatly impressed by the military orchestras which regularly played in the park in Slonim during the summers. After being noticed by Cantors who visited the Yeshiva in Slonim, he decided to drop out and followed cantor Moshe Bass to Bialystok, where he became a choirboy. It was there that he learned music theory and studied Hebrew and Russian. Upon losing his Soprano voice, he began to compose cantorial compositions, and was hired by Cantor Kahane in Vilnius as a choir conductor, and after that under cantor Yoel Zelig in Pinsk.

To avoid being conscripted into the military, his father sent for him and he travelled to the United States in 1895 via Hamburg, or possibly in 1896. He worked for a time as a conductor in synagogues and in the Yiddish theatre in Philadelphia.

Composing career

It was in the late 1890s that Brody's composing career in the United States began to see some success. Although he had worked at Morris Finkel's Yiddish theatre at the Arch Street Theatre in Philadelphia, that theatre merely staged New York plays and so his position was limited to conducting rather than composing. It was when he was hired by David Kessler from the Thalia Theatre in New York City that his career as a Jewish American composer began in earnest. His partnership with Kessler would last for several decades. Kessler, along with Bertha Kalich and Sigmund Mogulesko starred in his first play, which was very successful. During this time he developed a jealous appreciation for Louis Friedsell's career, who he would later widely collaborate with. He continued to work Yiddish folk melodies and Jewish religious music into his theatre compositions. Among his other contemporaries in the New York Yiddish Theatre world were Rubin Doctor, Arnold Perlmutter, Herman Wohl, Louis Gilrod, and many others. Joseph Rumshinsky published arrangements of a number of Brody's compositions during this era as well.

In 1913 Brody became a naturalized citizen of the United States. During the 1910s Brody taught George Gershwin composition for a time, focusing on counterpoint, and directed a choir that Gershwin sang in.

After two decades of successful collaborations, Kessler died in 1920, after which Brody spent several shorter stints composing in other theatres, including the People's Theater, the Liberty Theater and the Hopkinson Theater. During his career he composed music for more than sixty plays.

Although a number of sources list Brody as having died in 1943, he actually died on August 16, 1937, at age 60. He was buried in the Beth David Cemetery in Nassau County, New York.

Family

In 1900 Joseph's daughter Estelle Brody was born. She would later become a well-known silent film actor in Great Britain. His son Murray L. Brody, who would later become a composer as well, was born in 1909.

Joseph married what may have been his second wife Bessie Fox, another Russian Jewish immigrant, in December 1912. According to the census records they continued to live with Sadie, Philip, Harry and Moses as well as their own children Bernard (born in 1914) and Jannette (born in 1917).

Selected plays Brody contributed music for

• Dos yoydel, oder di nakhtigal in Yerushalayim (The Nightingale in Jerusalem), operetta, lyrics by Brody, performed by Kalman Juvelier, 1903.
• Die Yuden in Brazilien (The Jews in Brazil) by Herman, 1903.
• Di grineh (The naive one), lyrics by Brody, performed by Bertha Kalich, 1903.
• Gott, mensh un toyfel, oder der Yiddisher Faust, performed by Bertha Kalich and David Kessler, 1903.
• Keynig fun di shnorers (King of the beggars), written by Israel Zangwill with lyrics by Solomon Smulewitz, 1905.
• Uptown and downtown, with lyrics by Solomon Smulewitz, 1906.
• Malke Shvo (Queen of Sheba), operetta, written by Moses Horowitz with lyrics by Anshel Schorr, 1907.
• Di sh'kheynim (The neighbors), with lyrics by Anshel Schoor, 1908.
• Di sheyne trim by Gordin
• Dos Yidishe Herz (The Jewish Heart), operetta, written by Joseph Lateiner, music cowritten with Sigmund Mogulesko with lyrics by Louis Gilrod, Solomon Smulewitz and Sigmund Mogulesko, 1908.
• Yom hakhupeh (The Wedding Day), operetta, music cowritten with Louis Friedsell, lyrics by Solomon Smulewitz and Louis Friedsell, 1910.
• Sholem bayis, (The house of peace or "Home, sweet home") written by Joseph Lateiner, music cowritten with Louis Friedsell with lyrics by Solomon Smulewitz, Joseph Tanzman and Isidor Lillian, 1910.
• Der falshe shrit (The false step), written by Joseph Lateiner, music cowritten with Louis Friedsell, lyrics by Henry M. Gastwirth, performed by Kalman Juvelier, 1915.
• Der troyer fraynd (The True Friend) written by Joseph Lateiner with lyrics by Isidor Lillian, 1917.
• A khaver in leyben (A friend in life), operetta, written by Shloime Steinberg, with lyrics by B. Reznik, 1918.
• A mames neshumeh (A mother's soul), with lyrics by Joseph Tanzman
• Dos land fund trehren (The land of tears), operetta, with lyrics by David Meyerowitz, 1920.
• Yankeleh tsigayner (Jacob, the gypsy), musical, with lyrics by Joseph Tanzman, 1926.
• Der Yiddish Koenig Lear (The Jewish king Lear), film adaptation of Jacob Gordin play, 1934.

References

1. ^ "JOSEPH BRODY DEAD; A JEWISH COMPOSER; Choirmaster, Writer of Sacred Songs and Former Associate of Cantor Rosenblatt (Published 1937)". The New York Times. 1937-08-17.
2. ^ "Joseph Brody (1877-1937) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com. Find a Grave. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
3. ^ Zylbercweig, Zalmen; Mestel, Jacob (1931). Leḳsiḳon fun Yidishn ṭeaṭer Vol. 1 (in Yiddish). New York: Elisheva. pp. 240–1.
4. ^ "New York, County Naturalization Records, 1791-1980". FamilySearch. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
5. ^ Perlmutter, Sholem (1952). Yidishe dramaṭurgn un ṭeaṭer ḳompoziṭors (in Yiddish). New York: Ikuf. p. 349.
6. Young, Bernard (1950). Mayn lebn in ṭeaṭer (in Yiddish). New York: Ikuf. pp. 114–5.
7. ^ Perlmutter, Sholem (1952). Yidishe dramaṭurgn un ṭeaṭer ḳompoziṭors (in Yiddish). New York: Ikuf. p. 350.
8. ^ Perlmutter, Sholem (1952). Yidishe dramaṭurgn un ṭeaṭer ḳompoziṭors (in Yiddish). New York: Ikuf. p. 351.
9. Heskes, Irene (1994). Passport to Jewish music : its history, traditions, and culture. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 199. ISBN 0313280355.
10. Heskes, Irene (1992). Yiddish American popular songs, 1895 to 1950 : a catalog based on the Lawrence Marwick roster of copyright entries. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. xxxiii. ISBN 0844407453.
11. "⁨Brody, Gershwin's Teacher, Expires". B'nai B'rith Messenger⁩. 1937-08-20.
12. "Estelle Brody". IMDb. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
13. "Murray L. Brody". IMDb. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
14. "New York, New York City Marriage Records, 1829-1940". FamilySearch. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
15. "New York State Census, 1915". FamilySearch. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
16. "United States Census, 1920". FamilySearch. Retrieved 14 November 2020.

External links

• Musical scores and sound recordings of Brody compositions at the Library of Congress
• Joseph Brody compositions listed in the Discography of American Historical Recordings
• Joseph Brody scores in the Brown University Yiddish Sheet Music collection

• 1877 births
• 1937 deaths
• Burials at Beth David Cemetery
• Jewish American composers
• Yiddish theatre
• American people of Russian-Jewish descent
• American composers
• People from Lyakhavichy