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| == Spanish theater == | == Spanish theater == | ||
| In the ] play ] by ], an oracle drives the plot. A prophecy reveals that king's infant son, ], will disgrace Poland and one day kill his father, but the king grants his son a chance to prove the oracle wrong.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Calderón. Life is a Dream. La vida es sueño. Summary.|url=https://www.spainthenandnow.com/spanish-literature/la-vida-es-sueno-summary|access-date=2020-10-27|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Review: La Vida es Sueño / Life is a Dream at GALA Hispanic Theatre|url=https://dctheatrescene.com/2019/09/16/review-la-vida-es-sueno-life-is-a-dream-at-gala-hispanic-theatre/|access-date=2020-10-27|website=dctheatrescene.com}}</ref> | In the ] play ] by ], an oracle drives the plot. A prophecy reveals that king's infant son, ], will disgrace Poland and one day kill his father, but the king grants his son a chance to prove the oracle wrong.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Calderón. Life is a Dream. La vida es sueño. Summary.|url=https://www.spainthenandnow.com/spanish-literature/la-vida-es-sueno-summary|access-date=2020-10-27|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Review: La Vida es Sueño / Life is a Dream at GALA Hispanic Theatre|url=https://dctheatrescene.com/2019/09/16/review-la-vida-es-sueno-life-is-a-dream-at-gala-hispanic-theatre/|access-date=2020-10-27|website=dctheatrescene.com}}</ref> | ||
| == Latino literature == | |||
| ]'s ] (2011) is a ] ] based on ] by ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gonzalez|first=Madelena|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4EUsBwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PR19&dq=giannina+braschi+segismundo+hamlet+calderon+de+la+barca&hl=en|title=Minority Theatre on the Global Stage: Challenging Paradigms from the Margins|last2=Laplace-Claverie|first2=Hélène|date=2012-03-15|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-3837-5|language=fr}}</ref> The King of the United States imprisons his son Segismundo under the skirt of the ] for the crime of having been born.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Riofrio|first=John|date=2020-03-01|title=Falling for debt: Giannina Braschi, the Latinx avant-garde, and financial terrorism in the United States of Banana|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/s41276-019-00239-2|journal=Latino Studies|language=en|volume=18|issue=1|pages=66–81|doi=10.1057/s41276-019-00239-2|issn=1476-3443}}</ref> There are many prophecies in the work announced by poets and oracles, including the financial collapse and disintegration of the United States, the rise of a lascivious megalomaniac to power, a new plague upon the modern city, natural disasters, revolts in Puerto Rico, and a realignment of Caribbean countries against the United States and in favor of trade deals with China.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Giannina Braschi, profeta literaria de su tierra|url=https://www.elnuevodia.com/entretenimiento/cultura/notas/giannina-braschi-profeta-literaria-de-su-tierra/|access-date=2020-10-27|website=El Nuevo Día}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Stanchich|first=Maritza|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1143649021|title=Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi|publisher=U Pittsburgh|others=Aldama, Frederick Luis; O'Dwyer, Tess|year=2020|isbn=978-0-8229-4618-2|location=Pittsburgh, Pa.|pages=71|oclc=1143649021}}</ref> ] was adapted into an eponymous comic book by Swedish cartoonist ]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cruz-Malavé|first=Arnaldo Manuel|date=2014|title=“Under the Skirt of Liberty”: Giannina Braschi Rewrites Empire|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aq.2014.0042|journal=American Quarterly|volume=66|issue=3|pages=801–818|doi=10.1353/aq.2014.0042|issn=1080-6490}}</ref>and a theater play by Colombian director Juan Pablo Felix.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Felix|first=Juan Pablo|title=United States of Banana, A Postcolonial Dramatic Fiction|publisher=Columbia University Academic Commons/Thesis|year=2015|isbn=|location=New York|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Vol. 2, No. 2, Spring 2018 of Chiricú Journal: Latina/o Literatures, Arts, and Cultures on JSTOR|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/chiricu.2.issue-2|language=en|doi=10.2979/chiricu.2.issue-2}}</ref> | |||
| == Modern usage == | == Modern usage == | ||
Revision as of 07:26, 12 December 2020
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Oracular literature, also called orphic or prophetic literature, positions the poet as a medium between humanity and another world, sometimes defined as supernatural or non-human.
Concept
The idea is found in many ancient cultures. Among the Celts, for instance, the bard held the king accountable to his sacred vows (geasa) to land and people. In Greece, the oracles at Delphi and other sacred sites gave pronouncements in a highly stylized form of prophetic speech. Among indigenous North Americans, spiritual and/or political leaders like The Great Peacemaker used oracular rhetoric to artistic effect in delivering their messages.
English-speaking cultures
Within the European and American literary traditions, oracular speech that links the individual creative artist with forces larger than the individual ego have been part of several movements. The Pre-Raphaelites objected to the humanism that was a feature of the Renaissance and sought for an earlier, presumably more holistic, art. The English Romantics found in nature a source of inspiration and a model for human societies. American Transcendentalists found inspiration in an oversoul, which Ralph Waldo Emerson also called an "oracular soul" in his 1841 essay "The Over-Soul". Surrealists sought to move past the logic of the waking mind and to draw from more universal material in the unconscious. Imagism based art on deep connection with an object outside the self, thus allowing some of its practitioners to develop an art with oracular content.
Important writers whose work has been defined as oracular include Arthur Rimbaud, Ralph Waldo Emerson, William Butler Yeats, Giannina Braschi, T.S. Eliot, and H.D.
Spanish theater
In the Spanish Golden Age theater play Life is a Dream by Calderon de la Barca, an oracle drives the plot. A prophecy reveals that king's infant son, Segismundo, will disgrace Poland and one day kill his father, but the king grants his son a chance to prove the oracle wrong.
Modern usage
While modernism generally discouraged writers from employing an oracular voice to connect humanity with the more-than-human, some contemporary authors, especially those whose work reflects concern for the natural world and/or social justice, have embraced the role.
See also
References
- "T. S. Eliot Consults the Oracle". mysite. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
- Foundation, Poetry (2020-10-26). "H. D." Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
- "Calderón. Life is a Dream. La vida es sueño. Summary". Retrieved 2020-10-27.
- "Review: La Vida es Sueño / Life is a Dream at GALA Hispanic Theatre". dctheatrescene.com. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
Further reading
- Sewell, Elizabeth (1971). The Orphic voice: poetry and natural history. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-131595-8. OCLC 1866498.
- Yoder, R. A. Emerson and the Orphic Poet in America. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-36530-5. OCLC 1158488462.
- Ashe, Geoffrey (1999). The book of prophecy: from ancient Greece to the millennium. London: Blandford. ISBN 0-7137-2737-3. OCLC 41467420.
- Kwapisz, Jan, David Petrain, and Mikolaj Szymanski, eds. The Muse at Play: Riddles and Wordplay in Greek and Latin Poetry. Vol. 305. Walter de Gruyter, 2012.
- Shields, David S. Oracles of Empire: poetry, politics, and commerce in British America, 1690-1750. University of Chicago Press, 2010.